PANCE Blueprint Pulmonology - All Smarty PANCE Pulmonology lesson sets combined (Smarty PANCE) (Latest 2023 / 2024) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

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1. A patient presents with a chronic cough that is productive of phlegm occurring on most days for 3 months of the year for 2 or more consecutive years. Stocky, overweight patient. Crackles and wh... eezes on auscultation. Chest radiograph: peribronchial and perivascular markings.What's the diagnosis? Answer: Chronic bronchitis 2. A patient presents with minimal cough, thin, with barrel-chest, decreased heart and breath sounds, pursed-lip breathing, end-expiratory wheezing, andscattered rhonchi. Chest X-ray reveals a flattened diaphragm, hyperinflation,and a small, thin appearing heart. PFTs show a decreased FEV1 / FVC ratio. What's the diagnosis? Answer: Emphysema 3. What is emphysema and how is it different from chronic bronchitis? Answer: Emphysema is a form of COPD due to structural changes in the lung - air spaces are enlarged as a consequence of the destruction of alveolar septae vs chronic bronchitis which is due to clinical features - chronic sputum production every day forat least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years 4. What isthe name given to patients with emphysema? Answer: Patients with emphysema, a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are sometimesreferredto as "pink puffers." 5. Why are "pink puffers" pink and why are they puffers? Answer: Dyspnea and short- ness of breath due to decreased gas exchange cause patients to exhale slowly through pursed lipsto increase pressure in airwaysto keep airways from collapsing.Individuals are able to oxygenate blood (pink) but they have to purse their lips to do so (puffers) = Pink Puffers! 6. What happensto lung compliance in emphysema? Answer: Lung compliance increases in emphysema due to loss of elastin 7. What are the physical examination features of "pink puffers"? Answer: Thin patient(weight loss from excessive work with ventilation) with predominant emphysema, complaining of severe dyspnea and often using accessory muscles of respiration, especially with exertion.Cough is rare.Edema and polycythemia are absent.Breathsounds are diminished; adventitious sounds are absent. 8. What chest shape is consistent with emphysema? Answer: Emphysema patients of-ten described as having a barrelshaped chest due to air trapping and hyperinflationof lungs [Show More]

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