NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 2 Updated FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 (200+ VERIFIED Q & A) (All questions answered)

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1. What is gastritis?: Inflammation of the stomach lining.The lining will be red andinflamed and irritated 2. What are the causes of gastritis?: Ingestion of irritating substances such aalcohol, as... pirin, NSAIDS, viruses and bacteria 3. What is GERD?: the back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus throughthe lower esophageal sphincter. The inflammation occurs from the reflex of highlyacidic stomach acid that comes up. 4. What are the causes of GERD?: Any condition or agent that alters closure ofthe lower esophageal sphincter or increases in abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large amounts of alcohol, smoking, pregnancy and anatomical featureslike hiatal hernia 5. What are complications of GERD?: Barrett's esophagus where columnar tissue replaces normal squamous tissue in the distal esophagus that carries a highrisk for cancer.Progression can lead to ulcers and scarring. Esophageal strictures,pulmonary symptoms such as cough, asthma and laryngitis from reflux in breathingpassages. 6. What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?: epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids (gastric ulcers present on empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal ulcers present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved by food). Can also be life threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop in H/H and dark tarry stools and hematemesis. [Show More]

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