pnvn 1631 cardio- Medical - Surgical Nursing I Exam

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what is left sided heart failure related to? - ANSWER Lungs, leads to pulmonary edema, Dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary crackles, wheezing, pink frothy sputum and couch what is the master pacemaker? -... ANSWER SA node when a pt is refusing meds how do you communicate? - ANSWER get clarification as to why if a pt is scared of lightening how would you communicate with them if they have ECG wiring on? - ANSWER Identify the problem, reassure them and educate them for a pt on bed rest how do you decrease chances of blood clot? - ANSWER ambulation what machine should you have on site in case of V-fib? - ANSWER defibrillator (AED) a pt who has an abdominal aortic aneurism is really concerned, how do you communicate with them? - ANSWER Clarification, restate, educate how do you prevent tolerance for a pt who is constantly on nitrates? - ANSWER intermittent brakes when do you administer diuretics? - ANSWER in the morning What do diuretics do? - ANSWER increase in urine output by secreting excess fluid what do diuretics deplete? - ANSWER potassium (K+) S/S of MI for men - ANSWER numbness in left arm radiating up to neck, jaw teeth, and epigastric area S/S of MI for women - ANSWER Epigastric pain commonly misdiagnosed as heartburn, unusual fatigue, sleep disturbance, SOB, weakness and anxiety Order of blood flow through the heart? - ANSWER Systemic circulation starts at Left ventricle ends at Right atrium Pulmonary circulation starts at right ventricle ends at left atrium Deoxygenated blood enters the heart at the right atrium flows to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve then goes through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs and then oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and goes to the left ventricle through the mitral valve then goes through the aortic valve to the aorta and the rest of the body Food items low in sodium (NA+)? - ANSWER Squash what causes carditis? - ANSWER Bacterial infection spread throughout the body usually from the mouth such as tooth extraction or poor hygiene antidote for heparin? - ANSWER protamine sulfate antidote for warfarin - ANSWER Vitamin K Antidote for Acetaminophen - ANSWER N-acetylcysteine (NAC) How does nitroglycerin therapy work? - ANSWER nitroglycerin relaxes the smooth muscles in the coronary arteries causing vasodilation, it decreases the preload and afterload ultimately decreasing the hearts oxygen demand. Take it sublingually up to three times with 5 mins in-between each does , if chest pain does not go away after third dose call 911 premature ventricular contraction leads to what? - ANSWER V-tach then V-Fib then death which fruit can increase K+? - ANSWER bananas what can occur after V-tach - ANSWER V-fib use defibrillator then CPR What lab tests do you check for Warfarin therapy? - ANSWER INR & PT what lab tests do you do for heparin? - ANSWER PTT what does abdominal aortic aneurism cause? - ANSWER Hypertension and pain S/S of pulmonary edema - ANSWER dyspnea, pale/sweaty, hypertension, tachycardia, crackles/wheezing, low SPO2, Pink frothy excretions, restlessness, anxiety what is the most common drug used for heart failure? - ANSWER Digoxin what is the antidote for digoxin - ANSWER Digibind/Digifab how do you treat edema? - ANSWER diuretics how often should you discard nitroglycerin pills? - ANSWER after 6 months what causes cardiac valve disease? - ANSWER rheumatic fever (A Streptococcus) what can thrombolytic therapy cause? - ANSWER I [Show More]

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