ATLS EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022 SOLUTIONS ALL CORRECT ANSWERS ARE HIGHLIGHTED

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ATLS EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022 SOLUTIONS ALL CORRECT ANSWERS ARE HIGHLIGHTED A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder. His blood pressu... re is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure increases to 122/84 mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate is 28 breaths per minute. A tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath sounds with the return of a small amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion, the most appropriate next step is: Correct Answer: re-examine the chest A construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal fractures. In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of severe pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no other deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by: Correct Answer: complete spine x-ray series Which of the following is true regarding the initial resuscitation of a trauma patient? Correct Answer: Evidence of improved perfusion after fluid resuscitation could include improvement in Glasgow Coma Scale score on reevaluation. In managing a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury, the most important initial step is to: Correct Answer: secure the airway A previously healthy, 70-kg (154-pound) man suffers an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters. Which one of the following statements applies to this patient? Correct Answer: An ABG would demonstrate a base deficit between -6 and -10 mEq/L. The physiological hypervolemia of pregnancy has clinical significance in the management of the severely injured, gravid woman by: Correct Answer: increasing the volume of blood loss to produce maternal hypotension The best assessment of fluid resuscitation of the adult burn patient is: Correct Answer: urinary output of 0.5 mL/kg/hr The diagnosis of shock must include: Correct Answer: evidence of inadequate organ perfusion A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents several minutes after he fell through a window. He is bleeding profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh. Immediate management of the wound should consist of: Correct Answer: direct pressure on the wound For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury, profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent: Correct Answer: cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion After being involved in a motor vehicle crash, a 25-year-old man is brought to a hospital that has surgery capabilities available.. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen shows an aortic injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm Hg after CT. The next step is: Correct Answer: perform an exploratory laparotomy Which one of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma in the pregnant patient is TRUE? Correct Answer: Leakage of amniotic fluid is an indication for hospital admission. The first maneuver to improve oxygenation after chest injury is: Correct Answer: administer supplemental oxygen A 25-year-old man, injured in a motor vehicular crash, is admitted to the emergency department. His pupils react sluggishly and his eyes open to pressure. He does not follow commands, but he does moan periodically. His right arm is deformed and does not respond to pressure; however, his left hand reaches purposefully toward the stimulus. Both legs are stiffly extended. His GCS score is: Correct Answer: 9 A 20-year-old woman who is at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In the emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath, extremely anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The most appropriate first step is to: Correct Answer: perform needle or finger decompression of the right chest Which one of the following findings in an adult is most likely to require immediate management during the primary survey? Correct Answer: respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute The most important, immediate step in the management of an open pneumothorax is: Correct Answer: placement of an occlusive dressing over the wound The following are contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration: Correct Answer: history of neurological reaction or severe hypersensitivity to the product A 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his truck during a motor vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and complaining of chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute. Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as the cause of his hypotension? Correct Answer: breath sounds Bronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem bronchus can easily occur during infant endotracheal intubation because: Correct Answer: The trachea is relatively short. A 23-year-old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above the nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, fluid resuscitation is initiated through 2 large-caliber IVs. FAST exam does not reveal intraabdominal injuries. His blood pressure now is 60/0 mm Hg, heart rate is 160 beats per minute, and respiratory rate is 14 breaths per minute (ventilated with 100% O2). 1500 mL of blood has drained from the right chest. The most appropriate next step in managing this patient is to: Correct Answer: urgently transfer the patient to the operating room A 39-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile collision. He is cyanotic, has insufficient respiratory effort, and has a GCS score of [Show More]

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