Medical Surgical 1 Final Exam STUDY GUIDE

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Comprehensive Adult Concepts and Exemplars (no select all that apply) o Hypertension (3)  See handout (thanks a lot mila great review)  Ace inhibitor sfx: cough, hyperkalemia  Calcium ch... annel blockers: edema,  Nitroprusside: vasodilates/ for chest pain and hypertension o Renal Calculi (3) o UTI (1) o Gallbladder (2) o Endocrine (3)  Common sfx for corticosteroids: hyperglycemia, insomnia, weight gain, needs to be tapered down  Diseases for corticosteroids: Addison's, crohn's, UC, any inflammation, autoimmune diseases, nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)  Addisons vs cushings (see handout ugh) o Renal (4)  Lasix assessments: K level, BP, Urine Output o Fluid and Electrolytes (4)  see handout :/  Extracellular fluid imbalances: deficit, excess (causes/manifestations) ECF Volume Deficit ECF Volume Excess Causes • Incr. insensible water loss or perspiration • Excessive isotonic or (high fever, heatstroke) hypotonic IV fluids • Diabetes insipidus • HF • Osmotic diuresis • Renal failure • Hemorrhage • Primary polydipsia • GI loss: vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, • SIADH fistula drainage • Cushing syndrome • Overuse of diuretics • Long term use of • Inadequate fluid INTAKE corticosteroids • 3rd space fluid shift (burns, pancreatitis) Manifestations • Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion • Headache, confusion, lethargy • Thirst, dry mucous membranes • Peripheral edema • Cold clammy skin • Jugular venous distention • Decreased skin turgor, decr. Cap refill • S3 heart sound • Postural hypotension • Bounding pulse • Incr. HR and CVP • Incr. HR and CVP • Decr. urine output, concentrated urine • Polyuria • Incr. RR • Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary  Sodium imbalances: hyper/hypo (causes/manifestations) [Show More]

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