FTCE: Elementary Education (Florida Teacher Certification Examination) This study set uses NavaEd K6 Subject Area Exam Prep by Kathleen Jasper and REA FTCE Elementary Education K-6 by Rhonda Atkinson

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The reading process is made up of these five components: Phonemic Awareness, Fluency, Phonics, Comprehension, and Vocabulary. LAR Skill 1.1 Components of Emergent Literacy are: Print Awarene... ss, Print Motivation, Oral Language, Letter Knowledge, Phonological awareness, Narrative skills. LAR Skill 1.1 Emergent Literacy Consists of reading-related knowldge and skills that children develop prior to formal instruction in reading. LAR Skill 1.1 Print Motivation Interest in and enjoyment of printed materials. LAR Skill 1.1 Print Awareness Interest and interaction with print; pretending to read. LAR Skill 1.1 Listening and Oral Vocabularies Words understood when heard; words used in speech. LAR Skill 1.1 Narrative Skills Ability to retell storeis or describe events. LAR Skill 1.1 Letter Knowledge Understand letter names and sahpes. LAR Skill 1.1 Phonological Awareness Ability to understand the sound of language and manipulate or play with speech sounds. LAR Skill 1.1 Up to age 5, children are exposed to reading and learn about it without reading. What are some examples of this? Print differs from other visual patterns. Books contain print. Readers glean infomration from print. Print can be translated into speech. Reading follows certain conventions. LAR Skill 1.1 Emergent literacy forms the foundation of future reading and writing development. True or False? True LAR Skill 1.1 Emergent literacy is understood to develop at individual rates. True or False? True LAR Skill 1.1 Certain criteria that could determine whether or not a child is ready for reading include: Concepts of print, oral language development, and understanding of the alphabetic principle; the relationship between letters (graphemes) and the sounds they represent (phonemes) LAR Skill 1.1 Grapheme The relationship between letters. LAR Skill 1.1 Phoneme The sounds that letters represent. LAR Skill 1.1 Marie M. Clay developed a formal procedure for what? For observing a child's behavior with bookjs to determine the extent of a child's print-related concepts. LAR Skill 1.1 Marie M. Clay's formal procedures include assessment cheks such as? If the child can: Find the title of a book, show where to start reading and locate the last page or end of the book. LAR Skill 1.1 A critical pre-reading skill is being able to indicate the directionality of what? Print LAR Skill 1.1 Readers in the U.S. must start where on the page and read to where? The left side of the page and read to the right. LAR Skill 1.1 How can teachers or parents model directionality in reading? By passing hteir hadns or fingers under the words or sentences as they read aloud. LAR Skill 1.1 What four dimensions does language have? Speaking, listening, reading, and writing LAR Skill 1.1 Oral language is the subset of what? Language LAR Skill 1.1 Oral language has two dimensions, which are: Speaking and listening LAR Skill 1.1 Listening is the precursor to what? Speaking LAR Skill 1.1 Children have to _____________ language before they can speak it. Hear LAR Skill 1.1 Why is oral language important? It provides the mental framework for what words mean and how language works. LAR Skill 1.1 Oral language starts where? At home LAR Skill 1.1 What did Hart and Risley investigate in the way of socialeconmic status level? The number and kind of words children heard in terms of their SES. LAR Skill 1.1 What are the components of oral language? Phonological awareness, semantic understanding, syntactic understanding, and pragmatics. LAR Skill 1.1 Phonological Awareness A broad understanding of the sound of language and occurs as children begin to hear speech sounds and play with them. LAR Skill 1.1 Semantic Understanding Understanding the morphology or meanings of words: vocabulary. LAR Skill 1.1 Syntactic Understanding Understanding the rules for using words in sentences: grammar. LAR Skill 1.1 Pragmatics Understanding the social and cultural use of langauge. LAR Skill 1.1 Phonological awareness sub-skills include: Children should be able to distinguish between spoken language from other environmental sounds and focusing on the structure of syllables in words and onset/rime tasks. LAR Skill 1.1 What happens next when children increase their phonological awareness? They begin to develop their phonemic awareness. LAR Skill 1.1 How is a phoneme represented? As a letter within slashes (i.e. /b/) LAR Skill 1.1 Phonemic Isolation Recognition of individual sounds. (What is the first sound in top?) LAR Skill 1.1 Phonemic Identification Recognition of the same sounds. (What sound is the same in these words? top, ten, tall) LAR Skill 1.1 Phonemic Categorization Recognition of similar sounds and choosing he different sound. (Which word doesn't beleong? dip, dime, sun) LAR Skill 1.1 Phonemic Addition / Subtraction Making a new word by adding or subtracting a phoneme. (What word is "stop" without /s/? What word do you get if you add /s/ to the beginning of "top"?) LAR Skill 1.1 Phonemic Blending Combining phonemes into a word. (What word is /c/ /a/ /t/? ) LAR Skill 1.1 Phonemic Segmentation Breaking words into separte phonems. (how many sounds are in stop?) LAR Skill 1.1 Phonemic Substitution Replacing one phoneme with another to make a new word. (What word is formed if the /t/ in tap is replaced with /m/?) LAR Skill 1.1 When children understand how oral language works, what do they begin to connect? They begin to connect that knowledge to print. LAR Skill 1.1 Shared reading can help children gain what? It can help children gain an understanding that printed words represent speech. LAR Skill 1.1 Alphabet knowledge involves understanding what? The relationship between letters and sounds. LAR Skill 1.1 Alphabetic Principle The understanding that written words are composed of letters and that groups of letters represenet the sounds of spoken words. LAR Skill 1.1 How many phonemes are in the English Language? 44 LAR Skill 1.1 The English alphabet has how many letters? 26 LAR Skill 1.1 There is an exact one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds. True or False? False. LAR Skill 1.1 Alphabet knowledge is a precursor to what? Decoding. LAR Skill 1.1 Decoding is the application of the alphabetic principle to correctly say or read written words with understanding. True or False? True LAR Skill 1.1 Phonics Application of the alphabetical principle; using letter/sounds relationships. LAR Skill 1.1 Analogical Word Reasoning Use of words with the same onset of rime as examples. LAR Skill 1.1 Syllabication Breaking words into syllables. LAR Skill 1.1 Morphemic Awareness Dividing words into units of meaning. LAR Skill 1.1 Ease of decoding contripbutes to comprehension. True or False? True. LAR Skill 1.1 Motivation is defined as? Enthusiasm or the reason for behavior. LAR Skill 1.1 Motivation in emergent literacy is demonstrated when? Children show interest in print materials and enjoy them. LAR Skill 1.1 Motivators for emergent literacy include: Family or other adults, a sense of community and rewards. LAR Skill 1.1 Books read aloud to young children are more likely to be what? Fictional narrrative stories rather than nonfiction informational text. LAR Skill 1.1 Knowledge of narrative story structure includes what? Understanding that a story has a beginning and an end, setting, plot, chartactetrs, theme, and style. LAR Skill 1.1 Understanding text structures provide a framework for what? Comprehension. LAR Skill 1.1 Children begin to see that they can express their own ideas by writing letters once they make a connection between what? Letters and reading. LAR Skill 1.1 Children need to gain hand-eye coordination to begin to what? Write, usually in crude letter formaitons. LAR Skill 1.1 Children learn to copy words to prepare for what? For copying patterned sentences. LAR Skill 1.1 What are the correct components of emerging literacy? Print motivation, print awareness, listening and oral vocabularies, narrative skills, letter knowledge, phonological awareness. LAR RQ 1 Mrs. Jackson's second grade class is working on the following skills: accuracy, automaticcity, rate, and procsody. What aspect of language arts are they learning? Fluency LAR RQ 2 Which type and example of figurative langauge are correctly matched? (A)Alliteration: BRRRR! It's cold. (B)Onomatopoeia: The sun smiled on the sleepy village. (C)Similie: She was like a bull in a china shop. (D)Personification: He was the pciture of health. (C) Simile: She was like a bull in a china shop. LAR RQ 3 Lucy selected a book to read. The book uses animals as characters and ends with a moral. What type of book did Lucy read? Fable LAR RQ 4 Caroline's teacher told her that she needed to work on the convensions of writing. What does her teacher want her to do? Improve spelling, grammar or punctuation. LAR RQ 5 First-grade student Luis wrote the following sentence: He runned up the hill. The use of the word runned is an error of _______________? Syntax LAR RQ 6 Mr. Thompson is using a formative assessment with his 3rd-grade class. What is Mr. Thompson most likely to be using? A feedback prompt. LAR RQ 7 Mr. Stelly is using a tool to grade his students' writing assignments. The tool provides a way to grade or schore writing according to the objectives of the assignment. Mr. Stelly is most likely using a(n) ______________________. Rubric LAR RQ 8 Ms. Carson wants to provide her sixth grade language arts students with a listening guide. What would be her best choice? SLANT (sit, lean, ask, nod, and track) LAR RQ 9 What is an example of a primary source? A dirary entry from 1792. LAR RQ 10 Mr. Carson is planning a unit on the U.S. Constitution. He has analyzed the content in terms of quantitative features, qualitative features, and matching reader to text. This analysis focuses on complex informational text. SS RQ 1 Ms. Lopez is teaching American history from World War II. She invites Mrs. Brandt to come talk to the class about her experiences as a WAVE in the Navy during the war. Use of Mrs. Brandt exemplifies a human resource. SS RQ 2 The era when machines began to displace human and animal power in the production and distrbution of goods is knownw as the Industrial Revolution SS RQ 3 In which country did Anne Frank lie and write her story, later known as "The Diary of Anne Frank"? Netherlands SS RQ 4 Ms. Brown is looking for some materials for her geography class. She finds several types of something to use. The types are conic, cylindrical, interrupted, and plane. What is Ms. Brown examining? Map projections SS RQ 5 What legal decision laid the groundwork for school desegregation? Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka SS RQ 6 Mr. Jackson's class is learning about different kinds of goernment. Today they are learning about a weak central government that delegates principal authority to smaller units such as states. What is the focus of the lesson? Confederation Government SS RQ 7 Who was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court? Sandra Day O'Conner SS RQ 8 a country's economy slowed and then continued with increased unemployment. This exemplifies recession. SS RQ 9 What best describes the study of economic issues specific to a household, firm, or industry? Macroeconomics SS RQ 10 Which of the following best exemplifies research-based teaching strategies in science? (A) Mr. Smith has divided his third-grade class into groups. Each group has been given an egg and some simple building materials. Each group needs to research, create, and test structures to protect the egg to see which egg can survive the greatest drop. After completing all the drops, students will explain which structure worked best and why. (B) Ms. Van Allen's fifth-grade class is going on a field trip to the local zoo. Each student is told to sketch one animal while she or he is at the zoo. In addition, each student should write a three-page research report describing the animal. (C) Ms. Toll's second-grade class is learning about magnets. Ms. Toll has found three books about magnets. She has assigned groups of students to read one of the books about magnets based on their reading levels. After the students read the books, they will take a test on what they learned. (D) Ms. Camp has examined the Florida Standards for siccenc and si creating a lesson on the Sun for her third-grade class based on teh follwoing standard: S.3.E.5.2 Identify the Sun as a star that emits energy; some of it in the form of light. Ms. Camp will show the class a 3-minute video avout the Sun and then let them draw a picture of the Sun. (A) Mr. Smith has divided his third-grade class into groups. Each group has been given an egg and some simple building materials. Each group needs to research, create, and test structures to protect the egg to see which egg can survive the greatest drop. After completing all the drops, students will explain which structure worked best and why. S RQ 1 Ms. Colson is reviewing policies for safety in teaching her students fifth-grade science. Which policy needs to be changed? (A) Replace glass beakers with polyethylene containers. (B) Replace mercury thermometers with alcohol thermometers. (C) Include the use of human cells for microscopic observation. (D) Prevent students from tasting mineral samples. Include the use of human cells for microscopic observation. S RQ 2 Mr. Light's fifth-grade class is doing an experiment with plant growth. he divided students into groups. Each group got two daisy seeds from the same package of seeds. The groups all had the same kind of soil and planted them at the same time on the same day. The plants were in the same classroom. each plant got the same amount of liquids each day. However, each plant got a different type of liquid. The students measured the plants each week for six weeks. What was the independent variable? The type of liquid. S RQ 3 Mr. Hirumi is using a STEM-based approach with his third-grade class. What would you expect to see students doing in his classroom? Researching and identifying. S RQ 4 Which physical science property term is correctly defined? (A) Mass is defined as the space occupied by an object. (B) Weight is defined as how much there is of an object. (C) Density is defined as the ratio of mass to volume. (D) Viscosity is defined as a measure of density. Density is defined as the ratio of mass to volume. S RQ 5 Which phase of change of matter is incorrectly matched to its definition? (A) Sublimation occurs when a solid changes to gas through addition of heat. (B) Melting occurs when a gas changes to liquid through subtraction of heat. (C) Evaporation occurs when a liquid becomes a gas through addition of heat. (D) Freezing occurs when a liquid changes to a solid through subtraction of heat. Melting occurs when a gas changes to liquid through subtraction of heat. S RQ 6 Mr. Plante is showing his students a readout from a seismograph, which is used to measure earthquakes. S RQ 7 Ms. Linden is describing the cryosphere of the Earth. What informaition should Ms. Linden include in her lesson? Why glaciers and polar icecaps are important. S RQ 8 Ms. Caprio's class is learning about the integumentary system. What does Ms. Caprio most likely teach? Biology. S RQ 9 What is an example of an autotroph? An apple tree. S RQ 10 Ms. Ramirez shows a student the a picture of five suns scattered and asks, "Without counting, what do you think is the best answer for the number of items? Two, Five, or Ten?" What is the focus of the question? Subitizing M RQ 1 Mr. Hilton will be using Cuisenaire rods with his class today. The content of the lesson is most likely to be basic mathematical operations. M RQ 2 Which of the following key phrases is correctly matched with the operation it signals? (A) decreased by; division (B) decreased by a factor of; subtraction (C) how many to each; addition (D) product; division decreased by a factor of; subtraction M RQ 3 In terms of number theory concepts and properties, which of the following is true? (A) The multiplicative identity property of 0 and the additive identity property of 1 are key properties of whole numbers. (B) A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by both 2 and 3. (C) The only factors of a composite number are the number itself and 1. (D) The factors of any whole number are the results of multiplying that whole number by the counting numbers. A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by both 2 and 3. M RQ 4 Mr. Foret has written the following on the board: 3.6 x 10^5. Mr. Foret's lesson is most likely on the subject of scientific notation M RQ 5 What is true of systems and units of measurement? Capacity is another name for volume. M RQ 6 What is true of measures of central tendency? To determine the range, subtract the smallest number in the set from the highest number. M RQ 7 A team of 3 students is working on a science project. They need to compare the distrance from the sun to the earth and the heart to the moon in metric units. What unit would be best for them to use? Kilometer M RQ 8 What is true of ordered pairs in the four quadrants fo a rectangular coordinate system? The center of he coordinate platne is caalled the orgin. M RQ 9 Which of the following statements are true regarding the ability to interpret tables, graphs, equations, and verbal descriptions of real world situations? I. A bar graph is used to rack one or more subjects, usually over time. II. Aline graph depicts percentages of a particular subject. III. All of the slices within a circle graph show the totality of a quantity. IV. A table organizes large amounts of information. All of the slices within a circle graph show the totality of a quantity. A table organizes large amounts of information. M RQ 10 Mrs. Hilton is teaching her fifth-grade class a strategy for listening. Which of the following is she teaching? A. SQ3R B. SLANT C. i before e, except after c D. Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally B. SLANT SLANT is an acronym for "Sit up, Lean forward, Ask Questions, Nod yes and no, and Talk with Teachers." It is a strategy used for improving listening skills. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Mr. Sangalli is preparing a lesson for his class using a word processing program and PowerPoint. This saves him time and effort. What kind of software is he using? A. productivity B. administrative C. instructional D. mobile A. productivity Productivity software allows teachers to use tools to increase efficiency and time management. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Which of the following is most similar in meaning to the word "genre"? A. theme of a story B. setting of a story C. type of story D. response to story C. type of story A genre is a particular type of written work. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test What is the literary device used to compare things directly, without use of words such as "like" or "as"? A. simile B. metaphor C. personification D. alliteration B. metaphor A metaphor is used to compare things without using the words "like" or "as." Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Which of the following is a major component of syntax? A. rules for associating graphemes with phonemes B. rules for describing the meaning of individual words C. rules for determining the correct order of words in sentences D. rules for analyzing the sounds of a language C. rules for determining the correct order of words in sentences Syntax includes rules governing the correct order of words in sentences. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Mary, a second grader, reads with very little expression or variability in pitch, and she often introduces pauses at inappropriate places. In what aspect of language does she most clearly need improvement? A. syntax B. semantics C. phonics D. prosody D. prosody Prosody refers to the rhythms, stress patterns, and intonations of speech. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test What is the purpose of activating students' prior knowledge during a reading exercise? A. Students tend to rely on what they already know rather than new information. B. Students will thereby have more shared experiences to discuss with each other. C. Students already know everything they need to know when encountering most texts. D. Students engage a text more readily when they have a personal connection to it. D. Students engage a text more readily when they have a personal connection to it. Students more readily connect with texts that reflect their own experiences. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Which of the following levels is higher than the others in Bloom's Revised Taxonomy? A. understanding B. evaluating C. analyzing D. remembering B. evaluating Evaluating is the second highest level in Bloom's Revised Taxonomy. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test For a unit on Ancient Greece, the Social Studies and Language Arts teachers plan to collaborate. Which of the following literature would be most suitable for the unit? A. translated poetry by Greek authors B. biographies of famous Greeks C. timelines of Greek history D. maps of ancient Greece B. biographies of famous Greeks Timelines and maps should be eliminated because they reflect dates, rather than people. While poetry may be important, biographies would be most relevant and engaging. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Susan is a second-grade student learning to write a paragraph. Which of the following is not involved in this process? A. semantic knowledge B. syntactic knowledge C. large motor skills D. memory C. large motor skills Writing involves small motor skills, not large motor skills. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Ms. Kingston is giving her students an assessment to determine if they are developing at the correct pace with the instruction she is currently using. What kind of assessment is Ms. Kingston using? A. screening B. diagnostic C. progress monitoring D. outcome measure C. progress monitoring Progress monitoring is used to assess students' academic progress within the current instructional environment. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Mr. Perkins teaches third grade. In teaching today's reading lesson, he begins with brief direct instruction on a "teaching point." Students practice the skill and Mr. Perkins conferences with individual students to coach skills and provide feedback on practice. What strategy is Mr. Perkins using? A. reading workshop B. reading centers C. immediate intensive intervention D. project-based learning A. reading workshop Reading workshops involve a "teaching point," practice, and conferencing with students. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Which of the following assessments gives the best review of the needs of a student? A. screenings B. evaluations C. diagnostic evaluation D. progress monitoring D. progress monitoring Progress monitoring is used to assess student's academic performance and evaluate the effectiveness of instruction. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Automaticity is most related to A. graphemes B. phonics C. fluency D. alphabetic principle C. fluency Fluency and automaticity are closely related. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Which of the following illustrates expository writing? A. an essay about how the postal service works B. a play about a large and boisterous family C. a short story set in the pre-colonial era D. a poem about an elderly woman A. an essay about how the postal service works Expository writing presents information in a factual way. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Third-grade student Lisa has a writing assignment for homework. She is supposed to write a story about her adventures in an imaginary place. The focus of this assignment is which kind of writing? A. expository B. creative narrative C. personal narrative D. descriptive B. creative narrative Creative narrative writing is writing from the imagination. Skill: Knowledge of Language and the Writing Process Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Mr. Caldwell's class is learning about intellectual property. What concept is most closely related to that topic? A. figurative language B. copyright C. phonemic awareness D. literary genre B. copyright Copyright is related to intellectual property. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Which of these would yield information about percentiles or stanine scores? A. teacher-designed test B. standardized test C. performance-based measure D. informal assessment B. standardized test Standardized tests by definition are based on normative data and can be used to identify percentile rankings of individual students. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test What does it mean to say that a student scored in the 72nd percentile on a test? A. The student scored better than 72% of the comparison group. B. The student scored worse than 72% of the comparison group. C. The student scored 72% correct items on the test. D. The student scored an average 72% across test items. A. The student scored better than 72% of the comparison group. The percentile ranking refers to the percentage on one's peers that one has outperformed. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test The ability to hear and identify individual sounds in words is known as A. fluency. B. comprehension. C. phonemic awareness. D. screening. C. phonemic awareness. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and identify individual sounds. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Worksheets, writings, and projects could all be included in A. a screening. B. a portfolio. C. a running record. D. norm-referenced. B. a portfolio. Portfolios are collections of students' best work. Like a portfolio created by an artist, model, or performer, a student portfolio provides a succinct picture of the child's achievements over a certain period. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Structural analysis involves the ability to A. understand linguistic organization. B. identify missing words in passages. C. apply rules of phonics when decoding. D. break a word into parts or syllables. D. break a word into parts or syllables. Through structural analysis, unfamiliar words can be divided into familiar syllables and other units in order to facilitate decoding. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test The four types of assessments included in the "Just Read, Florida" Reading Formula are A. screening, progress monitoring, diagnosis, and outcome measures. B. screening, diagnosis, evaluation, and outcome measures C. screening, evaluation, progress monitoring and formative D. progress monitoring, evaluation, screening, and diagnostic A. screening, progress monitoring, diagnosis, and outcome measures. The four types of assessments included in the "Just Read, Florida" Reading Formula are screening, progress monitoring, diagnostic, and outcome measures. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Carlos is working on one of the six traits of writing: A. publishing B. automaticity C. voice D. small motor development C. voice Voice (individual style) is one of the six traits of writing. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Kevin is learning about parts of speech. What aspect of writing does this involve? A. semantics B. syntax C. word choice D. figurative language B. syntax Syntax (grammar) involves parts of speech. Language Arts and Reading, Diagnostic Test Mrs. Compton's 6th grade students have been reading the Bill of Rights. Which of the following questions would be a good text-dependent question? A. What do you think should be a student's rights in school? B. Do you think the government should add more amendments? If so, what should be added? Defend your choice with three resources. C. Which of the first ten amendments involve aspects of the judicial branch of the government in terms of individual rights? D. Where would you find a copy of the Bill of Rights? C. Which of the first ten amendments involve aspects of the judicial branch of the government in terms of individual rights? Students would have to read the amendments in order to determine which ones involve aspects of the judicial branch. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Mr. Parsons wants his social studies class to complete an authentic assignment. What would be the best choice? A. Writing a research paper on the influences of immigration on the settlement of Florida B. Interviewing Veterans at a retirement center about their experiences during the Vietnam War C. Creating a poster about a major world religion D. Making a diorama of an Indian village B. Interviewing Veterans at a retirement center about their experiences during the Vietnam War Interviewing people about their experiences is more authentic than writing a paper or completing other projects. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Ms. Post is planning to use a 30-minute video on Egypt for her fourth-grade social studies class. What would be the best way to maximize the use of the video? A. She could create a viewing guide and pause the video for students to reflect and write. B. She could plan a subsequent field trip to a museum that has Egyptian artifacts. C. She could have students write a paper on what they learned from the video. D. She could ask students what they already know about Egypt before viewing it. A. She could create a viewing guide and pause the video for students to reflect and write. Students need structured opportunities to think about what they are seeing in the video. Social Science, Diagnostic Test The three branches of the federal government in the U.S. include all of the following except the A. executive branch. B. legislative branch. C. fiduciary branch. D. judicial branch. C. fiduciary branch. Fiduciary is not one of the three branches of the government. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Ms. Miller is a new third grade teacher. One of her goals is for her students to gain a deep understanding of the concepts of social studies. What would be a good way to achieve that? A. community building activities B. providing opportunities for students to analyze and categorize features of a concept C. previewing videos before showing them to the class D. hosting the "surprise guest of the week" on Fridays in which someone in government, service organization, or business comes to talk about his/her work. B. providing opportunities for students to analyze and categorize features of a concept Providing opportunities for students to analyze and categorize features of a concept contribute to a deeper understanding of a concept. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Ms. O'Leary uses the acronym PERSIA to focus her instruction on important aspects of social studies instruction. What does PERSIA represent? A. Political, Economic, Religion, Social, Intellectual/Arts, Area/Geography B. Physical geography, Early Religions, Regions of the world, Seas, Individual Rights, Assimilation C. Preview, Engage, Read, Study, Interact, Assimilate D. Prehistory, Early History, Resettlement, States, Indians, America A. Political, Economic, Religion, Social, Intellectual/Arts, Area/Geography PERSIA stands for Political, Economic, Religion, Social, Intellectual/Arts, Area/Geography. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Which of the following would be considered a primary source in researching the Korean War? A. A biography of President Harry S Truman by David McCullough, published in 1993. B. A journal article about the beginning of the Korean War by a noted scholar C. Korean War photographs at the History.com website D. Reading about the geography and politics of Korea in a textbook C. Korean War photographs at the History.com website Original documents and photographs from an event are primary sources. Social Science, Diagnostic Test What are the three periods of prehistory? A. Pangaea, Neanderthal, Metamorphic B. Cosmological, Anthropological Geological C. Hominid, Homo Sapiens, Homo Erectus D. Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic D. Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic The three periods of prehistory are Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. Social Science, Diagnostic Test The Declaration of Independence was primarily the work of A. Thomas Jefferson B. George Washington C. Benjamin Franklin D. James Monroe A. Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Which of the following best describes a major difference between a state government and the federal government? A. State governments have more responsibility for public education than the federal government. B. State governments are more dependent on the personal income tax for revenue than is the federal government. C. State governments are more dependent on the system of checks and balances than is the federal government. D. State governments are subject to term limits, whereas federal government representatives serve unlimited terms. A. State governments have more responsibility for public education than the federal government. The responsibility for public education belongs primarily to the state governments. Social Science, Diagnostic Test What was an effect of the Enlightenment era in the American colonies? A. Greater interest in science and learning B. Return to religious roots for colonization C. Increased discussion of independence from Great Britain D. Renewed friendly relationships and treaties with Native Americans A. Greater interest in science and learning The Enlightenment era renewed interest in science and learning. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Mr. Fox took his fourth grade class to the school gymnasium. They created a scale model of the solar system on the floor. What essential element of geography was the focus on this activity? A. Understanding the world in spatial terms B. Understanding the world in terms of places and regions. C. Understanding the world in terms of physical systems. D. Understanding the world in cosmological terms. A. Understanding the world in spatial terms Scale models are a way of understanding the world in spatial terms. Social Science, Diagnostic Test What is the difference between GIS and GPS? A. GPS is a computer network. GIS is a satellite network. B. GIS is an instructional tool for creating concept maps. GPS is an instructional tool for creating special purpose maps. C. GIS produces maps. GPS produces time and location identification. D. GIS allows students to interact with individuals around the world in real time. GPS provides data about economic and political trends and issues in different parts of the word. C. GIS produces maps. GPS produces time and location identification. GIS (Global Information System) is a system of computer generated layering of maps. GPS (Global Positioning Systems) describes a network of satellites that provides time and location identification. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Kate's family moved to Colorado from Florida because they love mountains and snow skiing. Kate's parents are teachers. She has two siblings. Her family is Christian. In terms of voting, one of her parents generally votes Republican and the other votes Democrat. The best way to categorize this move would be a ______ force. A. economic B. political C. physical D. cultural C. physical Moving to another area because of climate and geographical features represents a physical force. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Ellis Island, New York, is most significantly known for its role in A. immigration B. commerce C. meeting the needs of individuals with disabilities D. science A. immigration Ellis Island was a location through which many immigrants were processed. Social Science, Diagnostic Test A Florida high school is located in an area with diverse populations from a number of different countries. As a result, the school created a program for English Language Learners. What legal decision is most likely to have influenced the development of the ELL program? A. The Civil Rights Act B. Lau v. Nichols C. Brown v. Board of Education D. Serrano v. Priest B. Lau v. Nichols Lau v. Nichols established steps to be taken by a school district if a student was found to have a language deficiency. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Which country has a unitary governmental structure? A. France B. China C. Great Britain D. United States A. France France has a unitary governmental structure. Social Science, Diagnostic Test The concept of social contract between government and the right of the people to alter or abolish a government that did not protect those interests was developed by A. George Washington B. John Locke C. Aristotle D. the Continental Congress B. John Locke John Locke theorized the concept of social contract between government and the right of the people to alter or abolish a government that did not protect those interests.. Social Science, Diagnostic Test The U.S. Constitution consists of the Preamble, ___ articles, and __ amendments. A. 7, 27 B. 3,10 C. 5, 22 D. 10, 25 A. 7, 27 The U.S. Constitution consists of the Preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments. Social Science, Diagnostic Test The value of a country's currency A. is absolute regardless of where it is used in the world B. is only absolute within the country that issues it C. must be backed by gold or other valuable commodity D. is relative within different regions of a country B. is only absolute within the country that issues it The value of a country's currency is only absolute within the country that issues it. Social Science, Diagnostic Test The teachings of Mohammed are described in A. The Torah B. The Bible C. The Koran D. The Four Noble Truths C. The Koran The Koran is a sacred text of the revelations of Mohammed. Social Science, Diagnostic Test According to 2010 Census data, approximately what percentage of Florida's population speaks a language other than English at home? A. 18% B. 25% C. 33% D. 47% B. 25% Approximately 25% of the population of Florida speaks a language other than English in the home. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Which of the following is defined as the interaction between potential buyers and sellers of goods and services? A. credit B. distribution C. service D. market D. market The interaction between potential buyers and sellers of goods and services is a market. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Whose book inaugurated the modern era of economic analysis? A. Adam Smith B. Thomas Jones C. John Locke D. John Rousseau A. Adam Smith Adam Smith's book The Wealth of Nations inaugurated the modern era of economic analysis. Score Overview Multiple Choice Section Your AnswerCorrect Answer Social Science, Diagnostic Test How is the term "capital" currently defined? A. profit B. real, usable money C. goods D. economic market forces B. real, usable money "Capital" is currently defined as real, usable money. Social Science, Diagnostic Test Mrs. Arton wants her students to learn to think scientifically. Which of the following is most likely to result in the deepest scientific understanding? A. Providing drill and practice preparation for the FCAT science exam B. Teaching students to design and do simple experiments C. Obtaining classroom subscriptions to science periodicals D. Asking student to locate examples of real-world science in newspapers. B. Teaching students to design and do simple experiments Hands-on activities result in deeper science learning. Science, Diagnostic Test Mr. Zeno has a class of first-grade students. He notices that the students who have pets at home have a better understanding of mammals in general than do the students who do not have pets. He decides to pair a student who does not have a pet with a student that has a pet dog or a pet cat. He has created a worksheet to scaffold basic understanding of mammals through group discussion. Mr. Zeno is demonstrating the instructional concept of A. zone of proximal development B. science inquiry C. informal education D. Piagetian levels of cognitive development A. zone of proximal development Children assimilate new patterns of thinking by learning with and from individuals who are more proficient and scaffolding provides the structured support for facilitating these interactions and moving to the next level. Science, Diagnostic Test Mrs. Barry's kindergarten classroom has a science center. Which of the following items would not be found in the science center? A. a balancing scale so students can investigate relationships between weight and size B. a magnifying glass that allows students to observe items in more detail C. a small-size lab coat and glasses so students can dress like scientists D. a plant so students can monitor and record plant changes C. a small-size lab coat and glasses so students can dress like scientists Dressing like preconceived notions of what scientists look like does not promote scientific inquiry or thinking. Science, Diagnostic Test Mr. Larson's sixth grade class is studying microorganisms. He has given each student a sterile glass container and asked the students to get one ounce samples of water (e.g., tap water, retention pond water, rainwater from puddles, lake water, animal water bowls, and bottled water) which they will use for observations under a microscope in class. What is the biggest problem with this activity? A. The glass containers are breakable and students could get cut. B. One ounce is not a large enough sample for observation. C. Water from outdoor sources (e.g., lakes; puddles) can contain microorganisms that cause disease. D. The samples should be labeled in terms of source and date of sampling. C. Water from outdoor sources (e.g., lakes; puddles) can contain microorganisms that cause disease. Water from outdoor sources may contain microorganisms that can cause disease. Mr. Barry can order cultures from suppliers that are safer. Science, Diagnostic Test Mrs. Tye's class is learning about magnetism. She randomly divides the class into groups of three to complete three experiments. What type of grouping is Mrs. Tye using? A. cooperative learning B. peer tutoring C. collaborative learning D. grouping by zone of proximal development C. collaborative learning Collaborative learning is unstructured without roles for students within the group. Science, Diagnostic Test Mrs. Brandt is teaching her fourth-grade students how to collect data. Which of the following classroom activities would be the best choice for achieving that goal? A. Students will read a chapter in their science books about the scientific method. B. Mrs. Brandt will invite a science professor from a college to come talk to the class. C. Mrs. Brandt will put a weather-tracking chart on the wall. For the next ten class days students will record the temperature and give a one sentence description of the weather every two hours during the class day. D. Students will watch a video showing how NASA scientists collect data on SkyLab. C. Mrs. Brandt will put a weather-tracking chart on the wall. For the next ten class days students will record the temperature and give a one sentence description of the weather every two hours during the class day. This is correct because it provides students with an authentic, hands-on opportunity to collect data. Choices A, B and D are incorrect because they do not allow the students to collect data. Science, Diagnostic Test Mr. Bennet has created seven stations in his third grade classroom and students are divided into pairs. At each station Mr. Bennet has a different kind of geologic material (e.g., a piece of granite, a piece of coal) as well as a scale and ruler. Each pair of students has a science notebook and pencil. Mr. Bennet tells the students that they will have 2 minutes at each station to learn as much as they can about the materials and take notes. What aspect of the scientific method is Mr. Bennet addressing? A. observations B. analysis of data C. creating a hypothesis D. testing a hypothesis A. observations Students are only asked to learn about the materials. Choice (B) is incorrect because students were not asked to draw conclusions about what they observed. Choices (C) and (D) are incorrect because students were not asked to make or test any predictions about the materials. Science, Diagnostic Test Mrs. Langley has created five stations in her classroom and each station has the following: Station 1, microscope Station 2, thermometer Station 3, scale Station 4, ruler Station 5, barometer She has divided students into groups. Each group has 3 different leaves. Students are instructed to find out as much as they can about their leaves at each station and record their findings. What aspect of the scientific method is Mrs. Langley most likely to be addressing? A. identify relevant variables B. identify necessary equipment and apparatus for measuring and recording the variables C. eliminate or suppress any other factors that could influence measured variables D. decide on a means of analyzing the data obtained B. identify necessary equipment and apparatus for measuring and recording the variables Mrs. Langley has provided different measuring devices and students experience which are appropriate for the task and which are not. Choices (A) and (C) are incorrect because the task is not experimental and does not involve variables. Choice (D) is incorrect because students are not asked to analyze their findings. Science, Diagnostic Test Which of the following is not one of the integrated process skills for identifying and applying science and engineering practices? A. observing B. designing and carrying out investigations C. hypothesizing D. ensuring safety D. ensuring safety While ensuring safety is a key part of scientific work, it is not one of the specific integrated process skills (observing, classifying, predicting, hypothesizing, designing and carrying out investigations, developing and using models, constructing and communicating explanations). Science, Diagnostic Test A student wants to create a science project to demonstrate chemical changes in matter. Which of the following might be part of the project's display? I. Pictures of a new nail and a rusty nail II. Pictures showing water and ice cubes made of water III. A picture of salt in a salt shaker IV. A picture of a partially burned log A. I and II B. II and III C. III and IV D. I and IV D. I and IV I. Pictures of a new nail and a rusty nail IV. A picture of a partially burned log Chemical changes such as rusting and burning alter the molecular structure of matter. Science, Diagnostic Test Mr. Isaac wrote the following equation on the board: CH4 + 2 O2 \(\rightarrow\) CO2 + 2 H2O. What is true of the equation? I. CH4 is a reactant. II. 2 O2 is a reactant. III. CO2 is a reactant. IV. 2 H2O is a reactant. A. I and II B. II and III C. III and IV D. II and IV A. I and II I. CH4 is a reactant. II. 2 O2 is a reactant. Reactants are materials to the left of the arrow. Materials to the right of the arrow are products. Science, Diagnostic Test Which of the following is true of matter? A. Matter always has density. B. Matter is always buoyant. C. Matter can change physically, but not chemically. D. Matter only consists of one type of atom. A. Matter always has density. Matter is anything with mass and volume and density is the ratio of mass to volume. Choice (B) is incorrect because matter sinks in liquids or gases if it is denser than the material that surrounds it. Choice (C) is incorrect because matter can change physically or chemically. Choice (D) is incorrect because matter that has only one type of atom is elements and matter can also be compounds, solutions, or mixtures. Science, Diagnostic Test Ms. Post is teaching a lesson on force at a distance. Which of the following can she use as an example? A. a lever B. a screw C. a magnet D. a pulley C. a magnet Choices (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect because they exemplify mechanical force. Science, Diagnostic Test A student made a display of about magnets; however, one picture on her poster is incorrect. Which picture is not an example of a magnet? A. lodestone B. compass C. the planet Earth D. the element iron D. the element iron Although iron attracts magnets, iron is not a magnet. Choices (A), (B), and (C) are magnets. Science, Diagnostic Test Caitlin is a fifth grade student. She is writing a report about sound and has written the following paragraph: however, one sentence in the paragraph is factually incorrect. Which sentence is it? Vibrations, like when you play a guitar or trumpet, is what causes sound. Sound travels about 1,100 feet per second, but sound travels faster in cold weather. Sounds have highness or lowness, which is called pitch. Sound can be loud or soft which is the intensity of the sound. Sound quality is how much of an object vibrates. A. Vibrations, like when you play a guitar or trumpet, is what causes sound. B. Sound travels about 1,100 feet per second, but sound travels faster in cold weather. C. Sounds have highness or lowness (pitch) and are loud or soft (intensity). D. Sound quality is how much of an object vibrates. B. Sound travels about 1,100 feet per second, but sound travels faster in cold weather. Although sound does travels about 1,100 feet per second, sound travels faster in warm, not cold, weather. The sentences in Choices (A), (C), and (D) are factually correct. Science, Diagnostic Test Ms. Jackson is having her fourth grade students do a project on weather. First, she had them look up different kinds of clouds. Then, she had them observe the clouds at 8 am, 10 am, noon, and 2 pm each day, describe the weather at those times, and predict what weather will occur next. She is checking their observations on different dates and sees one that is clearly incorrect. Which one is it? A. September 3, 10 am: I see light colored stratus clouds in a blue sky. I predict that the weather will stay the same. B. September 8, noon: I see thin, wispy cirrus clouds. I predict a change in the weather. C. September 12, 2 pm: I see dark, flat stratus clouds. I predict sunshine for the rest of the day. D. September 14, 10 am: I see white fluffy cumulus clouds. I predict good weather. C. September 12, 2 pm: I see dark, flat stratus clouds. I predict sunshine for the rest of the day. This is incorrect because dark, flat stratus clouds indicate a prediction of rain. Science, Diagnostic Test The correct order of planets from the sun is A. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune B. Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus C. Venus, Mercury, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus D. Mars, Jupiter, Earth, Mercury, Saturn, Neptune, Venus, and Uranus A. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune The correct order of planets in our solar system, from the Sun outward, is as follows: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Score Overview Multiple Choice Section Your AnswerCorrect Answer Science, Diagnostic Test We have an expert-written solution to this problem! What is true of rocks? A. Igneous rock forms from weathering processes. B. Lava is a form of sedimentary rock C. Magma can become igneous rock. D. Shale and limestone are forms of metamorphic rock. C. Magma can become igneous rock. (A) is incorrect because igneous rock forms either above or underground through processes of heat. (B) is incorrect because sedimentary rock occurs through weathering. (D) is incorrect because shale and limestone are sedimentary rock formations. Science, Diagnostic Test The most important factor in the earth's seasonal patterns is the A. distance from the sun to the earth. B. earth's rotation period of 24 hours. C. tilting of the earth's axis. D. moon and associated tides. C. tilting of the earth's axis. Choice A is ruled out because the earth is actually somewhat closer to the sun from December through January than it is from June through July, which is winter for the Northern Hemisphere. Choice B is ruled out because the rotation period is the same from season to season. Choice D is ruled out because it describes a daily, not seasonal, phenomena. Choice C is the answer because the tilting of the earth's axis causes the Northern Hemisphere to point toward the sun in the summer months and away from the sun in the winter months (with the reverse being true for the Southern Hemisphere). Science, Diagnostic Test What is true of the seasons? A. The seasons change according to the distance of the earth from the sun. B. The tilt and revolution of the sun causes the seasons. C. Days and nights are approximately equal in length on the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. D. A seasonal solstice occurs approximately every 3 months. Skill: Knowledge of Earth and Space C. Days and nights are approximately equal in length on the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. Choice (A) is incorrect because distance of the earth from the sun has no effect on the seasons. Choice (B) is incorrect because the tilt and revolution of the earth, not the sun, causes the seasons. Choice (D) is incorrect because the solstices occur only twice a year—every six months. Science, Diagnostic Test Asexual animal propagation is most likely to occur in A. fish B. reptiles C. fungi D. bacteria D. bacteria Choices (A) and (B) are incorrect because asexual animal propagation occurs most often in single-celled animals. Choice (C) is incorrect because fungi are not animals. Science, Diagnostic Test What is true of activities that differentiate living from nonliving things? A. The activities of living organisms are food getting, respiration, excretion, growth, repair, movement, response, and secretion. B. To be classified as a living organism, life activities must occur on a daily basis. C. Cells, the smallest components in a living organism, are not in themselves considered as living. D. Microbiology is the study of living things. A. The activities of living organisms are food getting, respiration, excretion, growth, repair, movement, response, and secretion. Choice (B) is incorrect because to be classified as a living organism, life activities must occur at some point in the organism's lifespan. Choice (C) is incorrect because cells, the smallest components in a living organism, are considered as living. Choice (D) is incorrect because biology, not microbiology is the study of living things. Science, Diagnostic Test In plant cells, which of the following allows the energy in sunlight to be converted to chemical energy and become biologically available? A. Phagocytosis B. Photosynthesis C. Fermentation D. Osmosis B. Photosynthesis Choice (A) is incorrect because phagocytosis occurs when the cell membrane engulfs and stores particles too large to pass through the cell membranes in vacuoles until the particles are digested. Choice (C) is incorrect because fermentation is an energy producing process that occurs in yeast and other cells in the absence of oxygen. Choice (D) is incorrect because osmosis is diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. Science, Diagnostic Test What aspect of a plant cell distinguishes it most from animal cells? A. nuclear membrane and endoplastic reticulum B. chromosomes and mitochondria C. nucleous and nucleousis D. chloroplasts and cell walls D. chloroplasts and cell walls The cell components in choices (A), (B), and (C) are found in both plant and animal cells. Science, Diagnostic Test Precipitation that contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric acid is ___________________. A. acid rain B. leaching C. pollution D. a temperature inversion A. acid rain Choice (B) is incorrect because leaching is the extracting of a substance from a solid by dissolving it in a liquid. Choice (C) is incorrect because pollution refers to any material added to an ecosystem that disrupts its normal functioning. Choice (D) is incorrect because temperature inversion occurs when cold air is next to the ground with warm air lying on top. This allows polluting materials to remain concentrated in one area. Science, Diagnostic Test Which of the following is equivalent to 1200? A. 1/2 of 1% B. 5% C. 2% D. 0.200 A. 1/2 of 1% Choice B is incorrect because 5% = 1/20. Choice C is incorrect because 2% = 4/200. Choice D is incorrect because 0.200 = .2 = 2/10. Math, Diagnostic Test Mr. Green had 30 pencils for his students. Three students wanted two pencils each. Then, a new student came to the school that day and he wanted three pencils. Then, one of the first three students gave their two pencils back. How many pencils did Mr. Green have left to pass out? Which formula provides the correct solution to the problems? A. 30 - (3 x 2) -3 + 2 B. 30 - 3 x 2 + 3 - 2 C. 30 x (3 - 2 - 3 ) + 2 D. 30 + 3 x (2 + 3) + 2 A. 30 - (3 x 2) -3 + 2 (A) Mr. Smith starts with 30 pencils. Giving pencils out implies subtraction. Three students get 2 pencils each -(2 x 3). The new student gets 3 pencils. (-3) One of the first students gives his back to Mr. Smith (+2). The correct formula would be 30 - (3 x 2) -3 + 2. Math, Diagnostic Test Which of the following illustrates the property of reciprocals? A. Multiplying 23/16 by 16/23 gives the same product as multiplying 16 by 23. B. The numbers 65, 70, and 12 can be added together in any order, and the sum will always be the same. C. The sum of 102 and 9 is the same as the sum of 9 and 102. D. The product of 31 and 1/31 equals 1. D. The product of 31 and 1/31 equals 1. (D) The property of reciprocals states that any number (a) multiplied by 1 divided by that number (1/a) equals 1. Math, Diagnostic Test A school wants to create a vegetable garden for students as an applied science project. The school principal wants you to go see a supplier to order a fence for it. The garden is 30 feet wide and 44 feet long; however, there will be a gate which is 4 feet wide. How many feet of fencing are needed? A. 1320 feet B. 148 feet C. 144 feet D. 132 feet C. 144 feet (C) This problem is asking for perimeter. The formula for perimeter of a rectangle is 2L + 2W or 2(44) + 2(30) = 148; however, the size of the gate (4 feet) must be subtracted 148-4 = 144. Math, Diagnostic Test A certain kind of bacteria moves very slowly, taking steps that have a distance of 0.0000002 feet each. If the bacteria take 4,250,000,000 steps, how far will it travel? A. 850 feet B. 8.5 feet C. 8500 feet D. 85 feet A. 850 feet (A) Total distance = size of step x number of steps D = 0.0000002 x 4,250,000,000 D = (2 x 10-7) x (4.25 x 109) D = (2 x 4.25) x (10-7 x 109) D = (8.50) x (102) D = 8.5 x 100 D = 850 feet Math, Diagnostic Test Principal Smith passes Mr. Carter's classroom and sees the following written on the board: PEMDAS and Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally. Principal Smith concludes that the focus of the lesson is _________________. A. order of operations B. factoring prime numbers C. rational numbers D. scientific notation A. order of operations (A) PEMDAS and Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally are mnemonic devices for the order of operations (parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction). Math, Diagnostic Test Ms. Bell gives an exam to her class. The scores are as follows: 75, 80, 95, 90, 70, 65, 80, 100, 80, 60, 80, 90, 70, 55, 50. Which of the following statements are true? I. The median is 80. II. The mode is 80 III. The mean is 80 A. I and II B. II and III C. I and III D. I, II, and III A. I and II (A) The first step in solving this problem is ordering the scores from low to high: 50, 55, 65, 60, 70, 70, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80, 90, 90, 95, 100. The median is the middle score. Since there are 15 scores, the 8th score, 80, is the median. The mode is the score that occurs most frequently. Since the score of 80 occurs 4 times, it is the mode. To find the mean, add the scores (1140) and divide by the number of scores (15). The mean is 76, not 80. Math, Diagnostic Test A principal is walking past a teacher's classroom and overhears him say the following: "So the numbers in this set have exactly two whole-number factors—1 and the number itself." When the principal peeks in the door, she sees the numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 written on the board. Which Sunshine State Math Standard is the teacher addressing? A. Determine factors and multiples for specified whole numbers. B. Know equivalent forms of real numbers C. Determine the prime factorization of numbers. D. Represent quantities with numbers of 1 to 20, verbally, in writing, and with manipulatives. C. Determine the prime factorization of numbers. (C) Numbers with exactly two whole-number factors that are 1 and the number itself is the definition of prime numbers. Therefore, the most applicable Sunshine State Standard would be to determine the prime factorization of numbers. Math, Diagnostic Test Six students at the Florida Virtual School sign up for a group project. Since they don't know each other, the teacher suggests that each student call the other students individually to get to know each other. How many phone calls will there be? A. 12 B. 36 C. 15 D. 18 C. 15 (C) There are several methods available to determine the answer. Making a sketch is a classic approach to mathematical problem solving, which is helpful here. You could draw six x's, representing the six students, as follows: Image Then you could connect each x with all other x's, counting the number of connecting lines as you add them. The connecting lines represent individual calls, as shown here: Image In the figure, there are 15 connecting lines, so there were 15 calls. (Be sure to count the outermost lines forming the hexagon.) Here is another approach: Student number 1 must have had five meetings. Once she completed her fifth call, she was done with her calls and could be considered out of the picture for the moment. Student number 2 also had five calls, but you should not count the one he had with student number 1; it is already accounted for in the first student's tally of five calls. So worker number 2 had only four more new calls. Student number 3 had five calls, but you should not count the first two; she had only three more new calls. Continuing the pattern for all six students, you see that you need to add together 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 meetings. This again gives the correct answer of 15 calls. Math, Diagnostic Test Absolute standard deviation is a measure of _________________. A. variability B. central tendency C. range D. mode A. variability (A) Absolute standard deviation is a measure of variability. Measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode. Range is the difference between the highest and lowest scores. Math, Diagnostic Test Results showed that 31 students at West High School failed the FCAT test. If that represents about 5.5% of the students, what is the population of the school? A. 177 B. 517 C. 564 D. 171 C. 564 (C) One way to arrive at the answer is to set up a proportion, with one corner labeled x: 31/x = 5.5/100 To complete the proportion (and to find the answer), you can cross-multiply 31 and 100, giving 3,100, which you then divide by 5.5, giving approximately 564. Another way to solve the problem is by estimation. If 31 is equal to 5.5%, then a little less than 62 would be equal to 10%--perhaps 60. Multiplying 60 x 9 gives the other 90 of the total which would be 540 + the original 60 = 600. Since the amount was overestimated, the amount will be less. The closest number is 564. Math, Diagnostic Test Which is the correct sequence (largest to smallest) for the following measurement abbreviations? A. km, m, dm, cm, mm B. m, km, dm, cm, mm C. dm, cm, km, m, mm D. cm, dm, mm, km, m A. km, m, dm, cm, mm (A) To answer this question, you need to know metric measurements for length and their abbreviations: 1 kilometer (km) is the largest at 1,000 m followed by 1 meter (m) = 1.0 m, 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1 m, 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 mm, and 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 m. Math, Diagnostic Test Which shape is smooth with no edges? A. prism B. cylinder C. ovoid D. cone C. ovoid (C) A, B, and D are incorrect because cones, cylinders, and prisms have edges. Math, Diagnostic Test Ms. Penny's students are at a pictorial level in terms of development. What is an example of something that her students might be using in a math class? A. formulas B. vocabulary C. use of real objects D. drawings D. drawings (D) Choices A and B are incorrect because they are at the abstract level. Choice C is incorrect because it is at the concrete level. Math, Diagnostic Test Learner-centered instruction is based on _______________ theories. A. constructivist B. direct instruction C. objectivist D. conceptual A. constructivist (A) Choices B and C are synonyms and characterize a teacher-centered model. Choice D is a distractor and not theory. Math, Diagnostic Test Ms. Francois is teaching her students about volume. What would be a good manipulative for her to use? A. centimeter cubes B. capacity containers C. abacus D. tanagrams B. capacity containers (B) Centimeter cubes, an abacus, and tanagrams have many purposes; however, volume is not one of them. Math, Diagnostic Test What is a learning progression? A. concepts and procedural steps in math that occur over time B. a scaffolding technique C. a way to group students for learning D. a problem-solving strategy for area and perimeter A. concepts and procedural steps in math that occur over time (A) A learning progression is not related to scaffolding, student grouping, or problem solving. Math, Diagnostic Test How many thousands are in 1 million? A. 100 B. 10000 C. 1000000 D. 1000 D. 1000 (D) 1,000 contains three zeros and can be expressed in exponential notation as 103. One million contains six zeros and can be expressed in exponential notation as 106. Thus, 106 divided by 103 is 103 or 1000. You could calculate the long division of 1,000 into 1 million, but that is the laborious way to solve this problem. Math, Diagnostic Test A teacher wants to do small group projects in her class and needs to buy supplies. Each group will do the same project. What information does she need to determine the cost of the project supplies for the class? A. Number of students in the class and number of students in each group B. Total cost of supplies for one project and number of groups C. Number of groups and number of students in a group D. Cost of each item and number of students in the course B. Total cost of supplies for one project and number of groups (B) You are challenged to analyze which data you would need to calculate the cost of projects for small groups in a class. To do so, you need only know how many groups will complete the projects and the total cost of supplies for each project. The total number of students in the class is irrelevant as is the number of students in each group. Math, Diagnostic Test A farmer picked twice as many oranges in the afternoon than he picked in the morning. During the whole day he picked 360 oranges. How many oranges did he pick in the morning and how many in the afternoon? A. 120 morning, 240 afternoon B. 100 morning, 260 afternoon C. 110 morning, 250 afternoon D. 140 morning, 220 afternoon A. 120 morning, 240 afternoon (A) The number of oranges picked in the morning equal X and the number picked in the afternoon equals 2X. Their sum x + 2x = 3x is the total number of oranges that were picked. So, 3x = 360; x = 360/3; x = 120. Thus, in the morning the farmer picked 120 oranges, and in the afternoon 240 oranges. Math, Diagnostic Test \((6^{2})^{4} = \) A. \(\sqrt{6_{3}}\) B. \(6^{5}\) C. \(6^{6}\) D. \(6^{8}\) D. \(6^{8}\) (D) Because the exponent on the outside of the parenthesis indicates multiplication, the exponents 2 and 4 can be multiplied to equal 8. Math, Diagnostic Test Ms. Green is using a strategy that involves a "teaching point." What strategy is Ms. Green using? A. math workshop B. math center C. math buddies D. collaborative learning A. math workshop (A) A math workshop is modeled on the reading workshop model which includes a teaching point. A math center is more student-directed. Math buddies and collaborative learning are ways to group students. Math, Diagnostic Test What's the difference between collaborative and cooperative learning? A. Cooperative learning involves pairs of students and collaborative learning involves groups of three or more students. B. In collaborative learning, each person has a specific role and individual accountability; however, in cooperative learning, student work is graded by group. C. Cooperative learning is more structured than collaborative learning. D. Cooperative learning is the same as math buddies and collaborative learning is a team approach. C. Cooperative learning is more structured than collaborative learning. (C) A is incorrect because both cooperative and collaborative learning can be groups of any size. B is incorrect because cooperative, not collaborative learning, assigns roles and responsibilities. D is incorrect because cooperative learning assigns roles and responsibilities whereas math buddies is a form of partnering for learning. Math, Diagnostic Test What is the relationship between subtilize and iterations? A. Subitize and iteration are both group strategies. B. Subitize and iteration are reciprocal processes. C. Subitize is a form of subtraction and iteration is a way to increase fluency of subtraction. D. Subitize is an estimate and iteration is repeated estimations. D. Subitize is an estimate and iteration is repeated estimations. (D) The other responses do not involve estimation. Math, Diagnostic Test These types of particles are close together. Solid NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science These types of particles are very far apart. Gas NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science These types of particles are closed together than a gas but farther part than a solid. Liquid NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science Physical changes result in what? The change in the size and the shape. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are six physical changes in matter? Tearing, folding, melting, freezing, evaporating, and cutting. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science Chemical changes result in what? The change that forms new substances at the molecular level. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are four chemical changes in matter? Rotting, burning, cooking, and rusting. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is rapid vaporization of a liquid? Boiling NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it? Condensation NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase? Evaporation NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is a mixture? A mixture is a material system made up of two or more different substances that are mixed but are not combined chemically. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science How many types of mixtures are there? Two NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What types of mixtures are there? Homogeneous and heterogeneous. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What does homogeneous mixture mean? You cannot see different parts of the mixture. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What does heterogeneous mixture mean? You can see different parts of the mixture. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is a mixture colloid? A homogeneous mixture where one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspend throughout another substance. Particles do not settle and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is a mixture suspension? A heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are mixture solutions? Homogeneous mixtures where the dissolving agent is the solvent. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are the basic unit of chemical elements? Atoms NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science More than what amount of an atom's mass is in the nucleus? 99.94% NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science hat are negatively charged subatomic particles that circle around the atom's nucleus? Electrons. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are neutrally charged subatomic particles and are located in the nucleus of the atom? Neutrons. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are positively charged subatomic particles and are located in the nucleus? Protons. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are elements? More than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically inter-converted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is an atomic number? How an element is identified. It is also the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are molecules? The smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. Molecules are made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are compounds? Two or more elements bonded together. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are ions? They are a charged element or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are isotopes? They are two or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is energy? A property that can be transferred in between and among objects. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science Can energy be converted into different forms? Yes NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are two forms of energy? Kinetic energy and Potential energy. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science Kinetic energy is An object is in motion; the actual movement of an object. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science Potential energy is The energy possessed by an object or individual by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are four types of energy? Mechanical, electrical, chemical, and thermal. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What does mechanical energy do? objects in motion NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What does electrical energy do? moving through the wire. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What does chemical energy do? stored in food or fuel. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What does thermal energy do? moving particles. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is heat transfer? The exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are the three types of heat transfers? Convection, conduction, and radiation. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is convection? The transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is conduction? The transfer of heat from particle to particle. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is radiation? The transfer of heat from electromagnetic waves through space. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science Define electricity. The flow of an electric charge. With the use of electrical circuits, electricity flows in a lop and power different things. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are the types of circuits? Series circuits and parallel circuits. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science Series circuits are when the components are arranged end to end. The electric current flows through the first component, then through the next component, and so on until it reaches the battery again. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science Parallel circuits are a circuit with branches that allow multiple applications to happen at once. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are three conductors good for electricity? wire, metal, and water. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are three insulators that are bad for energy? Rubber, cloth, and polystyrene (Styrofoam) NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is a force? A force is any interaction that, when uooposed, will changed the motion of an object. A force can cause and object with mass to change its velocity. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What is friction? Is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. NavaEd Science Competency 3 Knowledge of Physical Science What are the three branches of American Government? Executive, Legislative, and Judicial NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is the Executive Branch? President, governor, and mayor. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is the Legislative Branch? Congress (Senate and House of Representatives), State Legislature, City Council NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is the Judicial Branch? The courts, U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. District Courts, State Supreme Court, State Court of Appeals, Municipal Courts. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are he Articles of the Consitution? I. Legislative Branch II. Executive Branch/Electoral College III. Judicial Branch IV. States, Citizenship, New States V. Amendment Process VI. Debts, Supremacy, Oaths, Religious Tests VII. Ratification NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is a dictatorship government? Rule by a single leader who has not been elected but rather who acquired power through violence or force. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is a democracy government? In a democracy, the government is elected by the people. All of the people who are eligible to vote — which is a majority of the population — have a chance to have their say over who runs the country. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is a theocracy government? A form of government where the rulers claim to be ruling based on religious beliefs and ideals. Leaders believe they are ruling by the word of God. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is a monarchy government? A monarchy has a king or queen, who often has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is a parliamentary government? A parliamentary system is led by representatives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is a republic government? A republic is led by representatives of the voters. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is an anarchy government? Anarchy is a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is an oligarchy/ plutocracy government? A form of government that consists of rule by an elite group who rules in its own interests, especially when it comes to the economy and lifestyle. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is the Bill of Rights? It is the first 10 amendments in the constitution. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are the first five amendments? I. You have the right to free speech, press, and assembly. II. You have the right to bear arms. III. You do not have to house a soldier during war. IV. The police need probable cause to search a car, hotel room, house, or office. V. You do not have to testify in your own defense or incriminate yourself in a courtroom. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are three important U.S. Historical Documents? Declaration of Independence, Federalist Papers, and the Constitution. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen Why was the Declaration of Independence important? It was our break from the Brits. The belief that "You don't own me! I have liberty!" and the government is no more powerful than man. If government is tyrannical, people have the right to rebel and start over. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen Who wrote the Federalist Papers? Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen Why was the Federalist Papers important? We needed a government. What would that look like? It was 85 essays outlining the case for the Constitution. Made the case for checks and balances and separation NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen Who wrote the Constitution? Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen Why was the constitution important? This is what our government will look like. Specific powers granted to the feds. Articles I-III outlined: I. Legislative Branch II. Executive Branch III. Judicial Branch NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are the three types of courts that we have? Trial, Appellate, and Supreme. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What does the Supreme courts settle? Disputes between state government and the federal government. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are trial courts? District courts. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are appellate courts? U.S. Court of Appeals NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is the Supreme Court? The highest courts in the U.S. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What can states do if legislators cannot agree on a policy and they would like the voters to vote on it in the next election on their ballots? They can use a referendum, which is the submission of a law to the direct vote of the people. An example of a referendum is having citizens vote on suggested town curfew laws. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are citizenship rights? Freedom to express yourself. Freedom to worship as you wish. Right to a prompt, fair trial by jury. Right to vote in elections for public officials. Right to apply for federal employment requiring U.S. citizenship. Right to run for elected office. Freedom to pursue "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are citizenship responsibilities? Support and defend the Constitution. Stay informed of the issues affecting your community. Participate in the democratic process. Respect and obey federal, state, and local laws. Respect the rights, beliefs, and opinions of others. Participate in your local community. Pay income and other taxes honestly and on time to federal, state, and local authorities. Serve on a jury when called upon. Defend the country if the need should arise. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen Where do Americans go to vote for their president? To the polls. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What is the electoral college? The Electoral College serves as a compromise between election of the president by a vote in Congress and election of the president by a popular vote of qualified citizens. Each state's number of electors is equal to the number of its U.S. Senators plus the number of its U.S. Representatives. Washington D.C. is given a number of electors equal to the number held by the smallest state. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen How many electors are there in total? 538 NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen How many electors are needed for the win of the presidential election? 270 or half. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen What are the requirements to be the president? 1. a natural-born citizen of the United States. 2. at least 35 years old. 3. a resident of the United States for 14 years. NavaEd Social Science Competency 4 Knowledge of Government and the Citizen The original economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs shape the goods and the services the economy produces. Traditional Economic System. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption The government determines what goods should be produced, how much should be produced, and the price at which the goods are offered for sale. Also referred to as Communism. Command Economic System. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption A feature of a command economy is that a large part of the economic system is controlled by a centralized power, most often the federal government. Centralized Control. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption Decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are based on market, supply, and demand. Prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system. Market Economic System. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption Capitalism affords economic freedom, consumer choice, and economic growth. Capitalism. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption The means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned or regulated by the community as a whole. Socialism. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption Features characteristics of both capitalism and socialism. Mixed Economic System. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption Describe an economic recession. Very slow economic growth Failure to raise interest rates when needed High interest rates Overspending Large losses in the business sector NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption Describe an economic depression. Declining business activities Falling prices Rising unemployment Increasing inventories Public fear Panic NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption What is a Monopoly? When a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a type of product or service. A monopoly is characterized by an absence of competition, which often results in high prices and inferior products. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption What is an assembly line? A manufacturing process in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added in order by individuals as the semi-finished assembly moves down the line until the final product is assembled. By mechanically moving the parts down an assembly line, a finished product can be assembled faster and with less labor than by having workers carry parts to a stationary place for assembly. Also called progressive assembly. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption What is a factory? Manufacturing plant or industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, where numerous workers construct goods to be sold in mass quantities. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption What is a push-pull factor? When people migrate to another country, it is usually because something pushes them away from their native country and pulls them toward a new place. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption What are push factors? They are the circumstances that make a person want to leave. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption What are pull factors? They are the advantages a country has that make a person want to live there. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption Describe what The Great Famine of Ireland (The Potato Famine) was. Beginning in 1845 and lasting for six years, the potato famine killed nearly 1 million men, women, and children in Ireland and caused another 2 million to flee the country. The potato famine in Ireland resulted in Irish immigrants coming to the U.S., causing a huge increase in the Irish population in U.S. cities. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption What is opportunity cost? The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption What is investments? The action or process of investing money for profit or material result. NavaEd Social Science Competency 5 Knowledge of Production, Distribution, and Consumption Caveat emptor The principle that the buyer alone is responsible for checking the quality and suitability of goods before a purchase is made. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Depression. A long and severe recession in an economy or market. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Economy. The wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Embargo. An official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Eminent domain. The right of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use, with payment of compensation. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Impeachment. A charge of misconduct made against the holder of a public office. Congress is the only branch of government that can impeach a president. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Quartering Act. A name given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations and housing. It also required colonists to provide food for any British soldiers in the area. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Recession. A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Sanctions. A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Stamp Act. A new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. The Sons of Liberty played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Tea Act. The catalyst of the Boston Tea Party. the Tea Act, passed by Parliament on May 10, 1773, granted the British East India Company Tea a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Townshend Act. A series of measures introduced into the English Parliament by Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend in 1767, the Townshend Acts imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea imported into the colonies. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Trade regulation. Monitoring including government regulation of unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive business acts or practices. NavaEd Social Science Vocabulary to Know Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama linked together is an example of a: A. state. B. country. C. region. D. continent. C. region. Regions are areas, large and small, that share common features: language, government, religion, forests, wildlife, and climate. A region is a basic unit of geography. The four states (Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama) are part of a region. NavaEd Social Science PT1 A map that shows state lines and boundaries is called a: A. political map. B. special map. C. physical map. D. typographic map. A. political map. Political maps show governmental boundaries of countries, states, counties, and major cities. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The United States and China have a: A. traditional economy. B. command economy. C. mixed economy. D. market economy. C. mixed economy. A mixed economic system combines private and public enterprise. China and the U.S. have both private and public enterprises. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The U.S. Capitol is located about 23 miles north of Alexandria, Virginia. This is an example of what type of location? A. approximate B. absolute C. relative D. exact C. relative. Relative location is when something is compared to the location of something else. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Using longitudinal and latitudinal lines along with minutes and seconds will give you what type of location? A. relative B. absolute C. approximate D. exact B. absolute. Absolute location is the location of a place based on a fixed point on the Earth using latitude and longitude coordinates. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The distance on the Earth's surface for each one degree of latitude or longitude is just over: A. 100 miles. B. 69 miles. C. 4 miles. D. 10 miles. B. 69 miles. Degrees of latitude are approximately 69 miles (111 kilometers) apart. NavaEd Social Science PT1 ________________________ are appointed by the president. A. Supreme Court justices B. Members of Congress C. Senators D. Governors A. Supreme Court justices. Members of Congress, senators, and governors are all elected by the people. Only Supreme Court justices are appointed. NavaEd Social Science PT1 This person was a political activist who helped gain women the right to vote: A. Betsy Ross B. Harriet Tubman C. Harriet Beecher Stowe D. Susan B. Anthony D. Susan B. Anthony. Susan B. Anthony was an American social reformer and women's rights activist. She had a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. NavaEd Social Science PT1 This person wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin: A. Betsy Ross B. Harriet Tubman C. Harriet Beecher Stowe D. Susan B. Anthony C. Harriet Beecher Stowe. Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American abolitionist and author, who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. Uncle Tom's Cabin shed light on the horrible conditions of slavery and racism. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The most influential person in regard to the United States Constitution and life, liberty, and property is: A. John Hobbes. B. Andrew Jackson. C. John Locke. D. George Washington. C. John Locke. Commonly known as the "father of liberalism," John Locke was a philosopher and physician. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers. Locke's philosophy on liberty and the social contract influenced the written works of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and other Founding Fathers of the United States. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The Bill of Rights is included in: A. Amendments 1-10. B. Amendments 1-5. C. Amendments 1-6. D. Amendments 1-3. A. Amendments 1-10. The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are the Bill of Rights. They were ratified in 1791 and guarantee rights such as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Benjamin Franklin was all of these: A. legislator, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat. B. senator, politician, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat. C. president, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat. D. inventor, surveyor, politician, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat. D. inventor, surveyor, politician, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat. Ben Franklin was many things, but he was neither a president nor a representative. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Plymouth was colonized because colonists were seeking: A. political freedom. B. religious freedom. C. freedom from taxation. D. freedom from illegal search and seizure B. religious freedom. The Pilgrims left England to colonize Plymouth to seek religious freedom and find a better life. NavaEd Social Science PT1 All of the following are rights of a U.S. citizen EXCEPT: A. right to vote in elections B. right to a speedy trial by jury C. right to run for elected office D. right to Social Security D. right to Social Security. Freedom to express yourself. Freedom to worship as you wish. Right to a prompt, fair trial by jury. Right to vote in elections for public officials. Right to apply for federal employment requiring U.S. citizenship. Right to run for elected office. Freedom to pursue "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." NavaEd Social Science PT1 All of the following are responsibilities of U.S. citizens EXCEPT: A. support and defend the Constitution. B. engage in public service. C. stay informed on issues affecting your community. D. respect the rights, beliefs and opinions of others. B. engage in public service. Support and defend the Constitution. Stay informed of the issues affecting your community. Participate in the democratic process. Respect and obey federal, state, and local laws. Respect the rights, beliefs, and opinions of others. Participate in your local community. Pay income and other taxes honestly, and on time, to federal, state, and local authorities. Serve on a jury when called upon. Defend the country if the need should arise. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Uncle Tom's Cabin is a novel that would mainly appeal to: A. abolitionists. B. constitutionalists. C. academics. D. revolutionaries. A. abolitionists. Uncle Tom's Cabin is a story about the atrocities of slavery. It is a book that fueled the abolitionist movement (the movement to end slavery). NavaEd Social Science PT1 Amendment ___ addresses unlawful search and seizure. A. I B. II C. III D. IV D. IV. The 4th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides, "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated..." NavaEd Social Science PT1 Amendment ___ gives U.S. citizens the right to peacefully assemble. A. I B. II C. III D. IV A. I. The 1st Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble, or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. NavaEd Social Science PT1 If a teacher wanted to teach her class about the Civil Rights movement, which would be the best primary source to use? A. an interview where someone who marched on Washington recounts that day B. a textbook outlining the 1960s C. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s I Have a Dream Speech D. music from that time period outlining political protests C. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s I Have a Dream Speech. A primary source is an original source or evidence. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech is an original document. NavaEd Social Science PT1 In Iran, the government rules based on Islamic doctrine. This type of government is called a: A. theocracy. B. monarch. C. democracy. D. oligarchy. A. theocracy. A theocracy is a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god. NavaEd Social Science PT1 In the U.S. legal system, the person who represents the state government in the prosecution of criminal offenses is the: A. public defender. B. district attorney. C. Supreme Court. D. criminal defense. B. district attorney. In the U.S., a District Attorney (DA) represents a state government in the prosecution of criminal offenses. The DA is also the chief law enforcement officer and legal officer of that state's jurisdiction. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Congress is part of the _________________ branch of government. A. legislative B. executive C. judicial D. all of the above A. legislative. The legislative branch is made up of the two houses of Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives. It is the duty of the legislative branch is to make laws. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Bringing slaves from Africa to the Caribbean resulted in: A. cultural innovation. B. cultural diffusion. C. increased trade between Africa and America. D. decreased trade between Africa and America. B. cultural diffusion. Cultural diffusion is when cultural beliefs and social activities are spread through different ethnicities, religions, and nationalities. During the slave trade, goods, services, identities, and culture were diffused across continents. NavaEd Social Science PT1 What would be the best way to help third grade students understand the attributes of the Virginia Colony and persuade people to move to the Virginia Colony? A. Draw a poster outlining all the amenities and characteristics Virginia has to offer settlers. B. Write a persuasive essay on why Virginia is the best colony in the U.S. C. Research the Virginia Colony in an online encyclopedia. D. Bring in a guest speaker to talk about the Virginia Colony back in colonial times. A. Draw a poster outlining all the amenities and characteristics Virginia has to offer settlers. In this example, drawing a poster would be the best way to showcase attributes of the colony. A marketing poster fits this better than role-play because role-play requires players and a situation to act out. A persuasive essay is not as effective as a marketing poster. A guest speaker would be least effective. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The government's right to take private property for public good (i.e., building an interstate through a neighborhood, thereby taking private property in the process) is called: A. land acquisition. B. land accumulation. C. imminent domain. D. eminent domain. D. eminent domain. Eminent domain is the authority of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use. NavaEd Social Science PT1 An official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country is called a(n): A. boycott. B. litigation. C. veto. D. embargo. D. embargo. An embargo is when one country refuses to do business with another country. A boycott is when private citizens refuse to buy products from a company. Litigation is the process of taking legal action. A veto is a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body. NavaEd Social Science PT1 What are the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? A. Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt; Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Eiffel Tower B. Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt; Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt C. Grand Canyon; Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt D. Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt; Niagara Falls; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt B. Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt; Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt. Niagara Falls, the Grand Canyon, and The Eiffel Tower are not part of the Ancient wonders of the world. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868 granted the Sioux nation ownership of the Black Hills, which were considered sacred grounds for the Sioux. That treaty was broken when: A. the United States Government seized the land when gold was found there. B. General Custer went on the Black Hills Expedition to choose a location for a new Army fort and to investigate the area's natural resources. C. the Sioux moved across the country to California. D. the Sioux waged war of General Custer before he got to Black Hills. A. the United States Government seized the land when gold was found there. The treaty gave the Black Hills to the Native Americans and was to be henceforth closed to all whites. However, workers seeking gold had crossed the reservation borders in violation of the treaty. The Native Americans had assaulted these gold prospectors in violation of the treaty, and war ensued. The U.S. government seized the Black Hills land in 1877. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Why were Europeans able to conquer so many Native Americans? A. Europeans had more people with them than the Native Americans did. B. The Native Americans did not know who to fight in a sophisticated war. C. Europeans brought diseases with them to the U.S., which weakened the Native Americans. D. Europeans had weapons, and the Native Americans did not. C. Europeans brought diseases with them to the U.S., which weakened the Native Americans. The diseases brought to the U.S. by the Europeans included bubonic plague, chicken pox, pneumonic plague, cholera, diphtheria, influenza, measles, scarlet fever, smallpox, typhus, tuberculosis, and whooping cough. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The best way to teach students the United States time zones is by using: A. a flat map with the lines of the time zones clearly identified. B. a TV broadcast from another time zone. C. a globe with a fixed light source shining on it. D. a flat world map with visible longitude and latitude lines. C. a globe with a fixed light source shining on it. A globe with a fixed light source shows when the sun shines on one side of the Earth, the other side of the Earth is dark. This can simulate different times of day as the globe turns toward the light source. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between: A. U.S. and Germany. B. U.S. and the Soviet Union. C. U.S. and Iraq. D. U.S. and Afghanistan. B. U.S. and the Soviet Union. The term "cold" is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides (the U.S. and Soviet Union). The Cold War was very contentious, and both sides feared a nuclear invasion. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Which article of the Constitution established the legislative branch of the United States of America? A. Article I B. Article II C. Article III D. Article IV A. Article I. Article I states, "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives." NavaEd Social Science PT1 Which article of the Constitution includes the Electoral College? A. Article I B. Article II C. Article III D. Article IV B. Article II. Article II states, "Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector." NavaEd Social Science PT1 Why was the Electoral College included in the U.S. Constitution? A. to equalize voting power in states that had smaller populations than other states B. to give the Electoral College ultimate power over the election process C. to help voters make informed decisions in electing the highest officials D. both A and C D. Both A and C. A. to equalize voting power in states that had smaller populations than other states C. to help voters make informed decisions in electing the highest officials. The Electoral College was created to buffer between population and the selection of a president. The Founding Fathers did not trust the people to make a sound decision in electing a president. It was also created as part of the structure of the government that gave extra power to the smaller states. Without the Electoral College, big states with more population would have more power in electing a president. NavaEd Social Science PT1 When a map's features show a real object with accurate sizes reduced or enlarged by a certain amount, the map is said to be: A. scale. B. key. C. representative. D. accurate. A. scale. Map drawn to scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. For example, on a 1:100000 scale map, 1 cm on the map equals 1 km on the ground. The map is proportional to the real distance on the ground. NavaEd Social Science PT1 A ___________________ is prolonged period of high inflation, high unemployment, and increased public fear. A. depression B. stagnation C. recession D. inflation A. depression. A depression is a severe and prolonged downturn in economic activity. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Who conducts impeachment trials in the U.S.? A. Supreme Court B. House of Representatives C. Senate D. President C. Senate. The Constitution requires a two-thirds vote of the Senate to convict, and the penalty for an impeached official is removal from office. NavaEd Social Science PT1 In a market economy, competition is supposed to: A. drive prices down. B. drive prices up. C. keep prices the same. D. fluctuate prices. A. drives prices down. Competition among several vendors drives the price in a market down. Competition can even cause the price to move as low as the supply price and force vendors to supply the most wanted products at the lowest resource cost. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The ____________________ is a line that runs between Russia and Alaska and goes around political boundaries in the Pacific Ocean. A. Prime Meridian B. International Date Line C. Equator D. latitude and longitude B. International Date Line. The International Date Line separates two consecutive calendar dates. NavaEd Social Science PT1 What would be the best way to teach third grade students about the Battle of Bunker Hill? A. Write a persuasive essay explaining their positions about the Battle of Bunker Hill. B. Have students read the chapter in the textbook on the Battle of Bunker Hill. C. Look at a map to determine where the Battle of Bunker Hill took place. D. Use cooperative learning groups to research the battle and then role-play what they have discovered. D. use cooperative learning groups to research the battle and then role-play what they have discovered. In this example, role-play would be the best choice because there is a situation (the battle) and characters (generals, and soldiers on different sides). NavaEd Social Science PT1 If a teacher wants to have an open conversation with a student who has trouble communicating with the teacher, the teacher might try: A. a double entry journal. B. a dialogue journal. C. a letter home to the student's parents. D. sending the student to the guidance counselor. B. a dialogue journal. Dialogue journals allow students to write down their feelings and observations without having to say them aloud. Some students can write how they feel better than they can verbalize how they feel. It is called a dialogue journal because it facilitates a conversation. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Mr. Lopez wants to explain how awesome the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World are. What would be the best way to engage students? A. Have a guest speaker come in and talk about the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. B. Look at a map to discover where the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World are. C. Read about the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World in a textbook. D. Take a virtual tour on the internet of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. D. Take a virtual tour on the internet of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. A virtual tour would be a way for students to see the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World without having to actually travel. The other choices are not as effective as a virtual tour. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The end of course (EOC) exam given to every student in the state to determine proficiency is considered a: A. criterion-referenced assessment. B. norm-reference assessment. C. formative assessment. D. informal assessment. A. criterion-referenced assessment. A criterion-referenced test measures student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning standards. The EOCs measure student performance on the Florida Standards. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Which of the following do state governments have the authority to do? A. regulate foreign commerce B. regulate trade C. oversee national defense D. establish a postal service B. regulate trade. The U.S. Constitution allows states to regulate trade that occurs within the state borders. The other three choices in this item (post office, foreign commerce, national defense) are part of the federal government's domain. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The states considered part of the Sun Belt are: A. Washington, Massachusetts, New York. B. Florida, Texas, California. C. Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama. D. North Dakota, South Dakota, Colorado. B. Florida, Texas, California. The Sun Belt is the region in the U.S. that stretches across the southern and southwestern portions of the country from Florida to California. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The draining of the Florida Everglades was due to: A. population increase. B. war with Native Americans. C. trade. D. agriculture. D. agriculture. Early Florida settlers drained 4,000 square miles of Everglades in South Florida to create farmland. They did this by digging canals to draw off the swamp water and allow it to flow to the ocean. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Who designed and carried out the Boston Tea Party? A. Samuel Adams B. Paul Revere C. George Washington D. Patrick Henry A. Samuel Adams. Samuel Adams was one of Boston's prominent revolutionary leaders. He was able to garner large support for the Boston Tea Party. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Who wrote the Federalist Papers? A. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Ben Franklin B. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay C. John Locke, James Madison, and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, Andrew Jackson, and Ben Franklin B. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote the Federalist Papers, a collection of 85 articles and essays promoting the ratification of the Constitution. NavaEd Social Science PT1 Which country was NOT part of the Axis Powers during WWII? A. Germany B. Japan C. France D. Italy C. France. Axis Powers included Japan, Germany, and Italy. NavaEd Social Science PT1 The first developmental phase in reading is: A. emergent. B. early. C. fluent. D. transitional. A. emergent. The emergent stage is when children just begin to recognize the relationships between symbols (letters) and the sounds they make. At this stage, students require support in the way of pictures. In other words, they rely heavily on the pictures to understand the meaning. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which statement is NOT true about emergent readers? A. They hear individual sounds in words. B. They use illustrations to extract meaning. C. They read without pointing to individual words. D. They recognize letters in their own name. C. They read without pointing to individual words. Remember, emergent readers are just beginning to recognize the sound-symbol relationships. One of the signs of an emergent reader is that he/she finger points to words. Fluent readers do not need to point to individual words in a text. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which type of formative assessment is NOT utilized in the scenario below? Ms. Lopez administers an oral reading fluency assessment to Marisa. While Marisa reads, Ms. Lopez marks errors on her copy of the text and also notes the words Marisa says in place of the correct word(s). After the assessment, Ms. Lopez examines her records to identify the type(s) of errors Marisa made in order to determine the next step in reading instruction. A. running records B. silent reading comprehension C. miscue analysis D. oral fluency check B. silent reading comprehension Fluency cannot be measured with silent reading. The scenario described uses running records, miscue analysis, and an oral fluency check. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. After a guided reading activity, Mr. Jackson asks his fourth grade students to divide any compound words found in the text. This student activity is an example of: A. phonic analysis. B. blending. C. rhyming. D. structural analysis. D. structural analysis D. Structural analysis is when a word is broken down into known parts such as individual words in a compound word or prefix, root, and suffix. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is the best instructional strategy for developing concepts of print? A. readers theatre B. silent sustained reading C. shared reading D. oral reading fluency C. shared reading Be careful with these questions. Shared reading has many benefits, including modeling fluency, but the key phrase in this question is concepts of print. In shared reading, students focus on the pictures and text, developing their concept of print. They start to make phonemic connections to the symbols for letters. Oral reading fluency measures their ability to read text aloud, and readers theatre also builds fluency, so you can eliminate A and D. Silent sustained reading would be done after the student can read independently, not when they are still building concepts of print. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Skinner's students are breaking down word parts to better understand their meaning. Which instructional strategy is Mr. Skinner using? A. structural analysis B. phonemic analysis C. clapping syllables D. interactive writing A. structural analysis In a structural analysis, the students break down words into their parts, such as prefixes, roots, and suffixes or the two words that form a compound word. Phonemic analysis does not involve print, only sounds, and clapping syllables would be a good phonemic awareness activity. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mrs. Diaz implements readers theatre into her third grade class. This activity involves reading parts from a text. What does this strategy help to build? A. vocabulary B. comprehension C. fluency D. phonological awareness C. fluency Readers theatre is best for building and supporting fluency. While fluency is an important part of students' comprehension, reading parts aloud from a text is not the best way to measure it. NavaEd ELA PT1 How is differentiated instruction different from accommodations? A. Differentiated instruction is a way to meet the needs of students with differing abilities in the same class while accommodations modify the curriculum and student expectations in order to ensure student learning gains. B. Differentiated instruction focuses on reducing the effects of a student's learning disability through modified activities while accommodations are used to help the teacher meet the needs of all the students in his or her classroom through one learning activity. C. Differentiated instruction focuses solely on varying activities so each student can learn at his or her own pace while accommodations focus on the supports a student needs to be successful in the general curriculum. D. Differentiated instruction provides alternatives for students to learn the same material based on readiness, interests, and learning needs while accommodations reduce the effects of a learning disability without decreasing learning expectations. D. Differentiated instruction provides alternatives for students to learn the same material based on readiness, interests, and learning needs while accommodations reduce the effects of a learning disability without decreasing learning expectations. When dealing with two-part answers, make sure you really look at both parts for any incorrect phrasing. This is the only answer that meets the criteria of defining both differentiated instruction and accommodations correctly. Accommodations do NOT modify the curriculum. The curriculum stays the same, but the student is given supports to meet the same learning goals as his/her peers. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT an example of figurative language? A. simile B. idiom C. anecdote D. onomatopoeia C. anecdote Anecdotes are a great way for an author to make a point in an interesting way, but they do not fall under the figurative language umbrella because they are literal. NavaEd ELA PT1 When a student has awareness of phonemes in words, syllables, onset-rime segments, and spelling, he or she is demonstrating: A. phonological awareness. B. phonics mastery. C. phonemic awareness. D. structural analysis. A. phonological awareness All these individual skills fit under the umbrella of phonological awareness. Phonological awareness is a broad set of skills that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language—parts such as phonemes in words, syllables, and onsets and rimes. Students with phonological awareness also understand conventional spelling. Remember, phonemic awareness is a sub-skill of phonological awareness and only deals with the smallest unit of sound, the phoneme. Signs of strong phonemic awareness include being able to hear rhyme and alliteration. Although they are often used interchangeably, when talking about reading skills, phonological awareness is usually the correct term. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT an appropriate written language skill for a student to master by the end of third grade? A. provide a concluding statement or section B. provide references for cited text C. provide reasons that support an opinion D. develop a topic with facts, definitions, and details B. provide references for cited text Students in third grade would not be expected to provide references for cited text. They would be expected to cite textual evidence in written answers. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT an important component of fluency? A. use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding B. read on-level text with purpose and understanding C. read on-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression D. use morphology to read unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context D. use morphology to read unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context Using morphology to read words in context is the only one not identified as a component of fluency. Fluency is verbal. Morphology is the study of the forms of words—prefixes, roots, suffixes, plurals, parts of speech—and focuses on written language. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which of the following is effective in building fluency and confidence? A. choral reading B. echo reading C. round robin reading D. literature circles A. choral reading Choral reading provides built-in support for those students who may feel self-conscious reading aloud. During this unison reading, students' fluency is supported as they build speed, prosody, and accuracy and is a non-threatening, low-risk way for students to practice and build confidence. NavaEd ELA PT1 During a modeled writing activity, the students are primarily: A. copying the teacher's writing. B. listening and watching. C. engaging in internal dialogue. D. independently applying targeted skills. B. listening and watching. The purpose of modeling is to show the students what the expected outcome looks like. They must be actively watching and listening for this to be effective. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which assessment method would be appropriate to guide instruction for fluency issues? A. informal reading inventory B. readers theatre C. multiple choice test D. spelling quiz A. informal reading inventory The purpose of modeling is to show the students what the expected outcome looks like. They must be actively watching and listening for this to be effective. NavaEd ELA PT1 Repeated reading positively impacts which of the following reading skill? A. inference B. comprehension C. vocabulary D. fluency D. fluency This is the only combo that accurately names the reading skills choral poetry will foster. Students will not gain stamina, eliminating B. Stamina is gained more through independent reading of complex texts where students learn to focus for longer periods of time. Inferencing requires the student to interpret, make connections, and draw conclusions and is not best supported by choral poetry reading. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is the most appropriate use of anecdotal notes? A. as a list all of the behavioral issues a student exhibits while in the classroom B. as evidence during parent-teacher conference for discipline measures taken C. as an objective record of student behaviors and/or learning to guide classroom practices D. to provide an ongoing record for the student portfolio to help determine retention C. as an objective record of student behaviors and/or learning to guide classroom practices Note the phrase most appropriate. This means that while there may be some truth to the other answers, but you are expected to identify the best answer. Eliminate A because of the word all. Anecdotal notes should be targeted on one specific behavior at a time. The word evidence in B suggests that the child is on trial and is a little too harsh. In addition, anecdotal notes are not solely for behaviors. Using anecdotal notes to determine retention would not be appropriate; portfolios, assessment data, and student growth data would be better. C is the best answer because it includes the word objective and also has the goal of guiding classroom practices. All the others are too specific. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Adams' fourth grade class is engaging in narrative writing through a personal memory essay. One of the activities includes a peer review. During which part the of five-step writing process would this occur? A. after prewriting/before drafting B. after revision/before editing C. after editing/before publishing D. after drafting/before revision D. after drafting/before revision The five stages in the writing process are: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. A peer edit would be most appropriate after the drafting stage before the writer makes revisions. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT an appropriate use of a rubric? A. to identify miscues in student writing B. as a guide and self-evaluation tool for students C. as a teacher evaluation tool for student work for an assignment D. to set the expectations and criteria for a specific assignment A. to identify miscues in student writing Rubrics are not meant to modify curriculum or learning outcomes. In fact, modifications to curriculum are effective only in situations where a child needs specially designed instruction due to a neurological disability. All the other choices fit into the purpose of a rubric, and it is best practice to use a rubric for all three. NavaEd ELA PT1 Phonemic awareness includes the ability to: A. form compound words and combine word parts. B. spell accurately and decode unfamiliar words. C. pronounce individual sounds in words. D. differentiate between homonyms and spell accurately. C. pronounce individual sounds in words. Remember, phonemic awareness is a sub-skill of phonological awareness. While the terms are often used synonymously, they are not the same thing. When a student can recognize and pronounce individual sounds in words, or phonemes, he or she is demonstrating phonemic awareness. The other choices are indicative of phonological awareness. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT a best practice for vocabulary instruction? A. model using context clues B. teaching prefixes, suffixes, and roots C. explicit instruction using a dictionary D. using word walls for target vocabulary C. explicit instruction using a dictionary Using the dictionary to look up words is not an example of effective vocabulary instruction. This will never be the correct answer on this test. Dictionaries are great for confirming working meanings developed from context. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which of the following are essential skills in reading comprehension? A. decoding, spelling, word knowledge B. decoding, word recognition, fluency C. spelling, fluency, understanding the text D. decoding, monitoring, speed B. decoding, word recognition, fluency Although spelling seems to make sense, the essential reading skills are decoding, word recognition, and fluency, so eliminate A and C. Speed (rate) is included in fluency, eliminating D. NavaEd ELA PT1 To develop phonics skills, students must have which of the following? A. graphophonemic knowledge and sight word recognition B. decoding skills and reading fluency C. decoding skills and graphophonemic knowledge D. reading fluency and comprehension skills C. decoding skills and graphophonemic knowledge Students must have decoding skills and the ability to match symbols with sounds (graphophonemic knowledge) to develop phonics skills. Fluency is not a necessary skill for phonics, eliminating B and D. Eliminate A because the students are not sounding out sight words. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. To measure her students' mastery of grade-level presentation skills, which project would be the most appropriate for Mrs. Jones to choose for her third grade students? A. a poster with explanations B. an oral report with visuals C. a travel brochure with visuals D. a typed report with citations B. an oral report with visuals This includes a presentation by the students. None of the other options specifies that the student is presenting his or her project. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Madison is a fifth grade teacher who wants to measure his students' mastery of persuasive writing. Which activity would be the most appropriate to meet the objective? A. an essay arguing an opinion about a topic B. a whole-class debate on a controversial topic C. a research project about local wildlife D. a series of personal mini-memoirs on a theme A. an essay arguing an opinion about a topic This measures an individual student's mastery of persuasive writing. The debate is oral, and the other options do not require persuasive writing. NavaEd ELA PT1 What is the most appropriate use of a diagnostic assessment? A. to determine student grades B. to determine areas of strength and weakness C. to determine what to reteach D. to determine mastery of a skill B. to determine areas of strength and weakness Diagnostics are used before instruction, making C incorrect. A and D are summative, so eliminate those. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Williams creates six heterogeneous groups of four students who work together during a literacy unit to achieve shared learning goals and complete specific tasks and assignments. Each group is given explicit instructions, and each group member has a specific role to ensure that all students contribute. This is an example of: A. informal cooperative learning. B. shared learning. C. co-dependent learning. D. formal cooperative learning. D. formal cooperative learning. Here, the teacher has created groups with a shared learning goal, specific tasks, and roles for each member. Informal cooperative learning can be pulled off with less planning and to aid to direct instruction. Think group activities to break up a lecture. Shared learning does not specifically Copyright - NavaED | September 2017 English Language Arts - 37 address the creation of heterogeneous groups, only learning as a shared process to reach a goal. There is no such thing as co-dependent learning. NavaEd ELA PT1 What are the differences between fixed poetic form and free verse poetry? A. Fixed poetic form is written in metered verse while free verse poetry has no pre-established guidelines. B. Fixed poetic form is elevated in style while free verse poetry is informal and uses colloquial language. C. Fixed poetic form has strict guidelines for stanzas while free verse is devoid of stanzas. D. Fixed poetic form serves as a template for composing a poem while free verse poetry has no preestablished guidelines. D. Fixed poetic form serves as a template for composing a poem while free verse poetry has no preestablished guidelines. Fixed poems have a template. There are many different types, but the idea is the poet fits his or her words into a specific form (think sonnet, haiku, limerick). A is the trick answer. Not ALL fixed poems have metered verse. B is an example of epic poetry, and C assumes free verse poetry does not have stanzas, which is not true NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT a convention of epic poetry? A. It is a lengthy narrative about a serious or worthy traditional subject. B. The diction is formal and dignified and maintains an objective tone. C. It takes place in a confined geographical area sometime in the remote past. D. The action contains supernatural feats of strength or military prowess. C. It takes place in a confined geographical area sometime in the remote past. Epic poetry takes place in a large geographical area (think "The Odyssey" and " Beowulf"). The other choices are conventions of epic poetry. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the poem by Edward Lear below and answer the question that follows. There was an Old Man in a tree, Who was horribly bored by a Bee; When they said, "Does it buzz?" He replied, "Yes, it does! It's a regular brute of a Bee!" This is an example of a: A. limerick. B. sonnet. C. haiku. D. free verse. A. limerick. Limericks have five structured lines of comical/nonsensical content with obvious rhymes. Sonnets have 14 lines of iambic pentameter. English sonnets end with a rhyming couplet; haikus have a specific number of syllables in each line (5-7-5); and free verse poetry has no set line length, rhythm, or rhyming pattern. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the poem below and answer the question that follows. The blue ocean gleams. Shimmering like precious gems. An endless treasure. This is an example of: A. limerick. B. sonnet. C. haiku. D. free verse. C. haiku. Haikus have a specific number of syllables in each line (5-7-5). NavaEd ELA PT1 Juliet is the sun is an example of which figurative language device? A. simile B. metaphor C. personification D. analogy B. metaphor Metaphors compare two unlike things directly without the use of like or as. They are often confused with similes, which compare two unlike things but do use like or as. Personification gives human qualities to things that are not human. Analogies compare two things but explain what they have in common by describing similarities and are not technically figurative language. NavaEd ELA PT1 Select the correct order of the first four stages of writing. A. wavy scribble, mock letters, scribbling, conventional letters B. mock letters, scribbling, wavy scribble, conventional letters C. scribbling, mock letters, wavy scribble, conventional letters D. scribbling, wavy scribble, mock letters, conventional letters D. scribbling, wavy scribble, mock letters, conventional letters Knowing the order of the seven developmental stages of writing and the characteristics of each is necessary for this test: scribbling, wavy scribble, mock letters, conventional letters, invented spelling, approximated spelling, and conventional spelling. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT true of the conventional letters stage of writing? A. The writing is usually more vertical than horizontal. B. The letters are usually from the child's name. C. Children are not always conscious they are making conventional letters. D. Children often create strings of letters across a page. A. The writing is usually more vertical than horizontal. This is characteristic of the mock letters stage. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is true of phonetic spelling? A. Beginning sounds are used first, middle sounds are used second, followed by ending sounds and vowel sounds. B. Beginning sounds are used first, ending sounds are used second, followed by middle sounds and vowel sounds. C. Middle sounds are used first, vowel sounds are used second, followed by beginning sounds and ending sounds. D. Vowel sounds are used first, followed by beginning sounds, middle sounds, and ending sounds. B. Beginning sounds are used first, ending sounds are used second, followed by middle sounds and vowel sounds. This follows the pattern of how sounds students learn sounds. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT a characteristic of emergent writing? A. conventional spelling B. conventional letters C. mock letters D. inventive spelling A. conventional spelling Conventional spelling is NOT a characteristic of an emergent writer. That comes when the student enters the fluent stage of writing. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Trina is a first grade student who can read words by remembering visual or contextual cues. She recognizes and read signs and labels in her school and home environments but cannot read these words when they are shown in isolation. She also lacks the ability to match letters to sounds. What phase of word recognition is Trina demonstrating? A. full-alphabetic B. pre-alphabetic C. partial-alphabetic D. consolidated-alphabetic B. pre-alphabetic Children at this stage memorize the visual features of words and can guess them in context/environmental print. However, when the words are shown to the child without the environmental cues, the child cannot read the word because he or she has not made the necessary connections between the phonemes and graphemes. In full- alphabetic ( A), children can decode unfamiliar words and store sight words in memory. In partial- alphabetic (C), children recognize some lettersound connections and can use them in context to remember words by sight. In consolidatedalphabetic (D), children recognize larger units of blended sound that recur in different words. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Lapeer is a new first grade teacher who is building his classroom library. Many of his students come from diverse cultural backgrounds where English is the second language used. While the most common second language is Spanish, he also has students whose families speak German and Haitian Creole. Which type of books would Mr. Lapeer NOT include in his library? A. books that are illustrated with exaggerated features of a cultural group B. books that portray female characters who break cultural stereotypes C. books that portray men of color as positive role models D. books that portray children with disabilities as capable main characters A. books that are illustrated with exaggerated features of a cultural group Sounds like common sense, but it is trickier than you may think. Just be very careful of illustrations and make sure that any portrayal of characters shows that the person is capable and serves as a positive role model. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT a characteristic of a reading response journal? A. requires students to use background knowledge to construct personal meaning B. increases reading level by encouraging students to read complex text C. increases comprehension as students integrate new experiences with past ones D. increases ability to communicate and refine ideas B. increases reading level by encouraging students to read complex text Although reading response journals do result in a confidence boost that increases motivation to read, the phrases increases reading level and complex text make this particular choice correct. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which mode of writing tells a story using sequenced events and descriptive details? A. expository/explanatory B. persuasive C. opinion/argumentative D. narrative D. narrative Narratives always tell a story; explanatory (formerly expository) writing explains; and persuasive writing (called argumentative in upper grades and opinion in lower grades) aims to assert a point with the intention of getting others to agree. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT a characteristic of a fable? A. anthropomorphized inanimate objects B. mythical creatures C. exaggerated version of historical events D. contains a moral message B. mythical creatures Myths have mythical creatures. Myths, fables, and folk tales often get confused, so it is worth knowing the characteristics of each. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which does NOT contribute to legible handwriting? A. spacing B. block letters C. letter formation D. letter alignment B. block letters Legible handwriting does not have to contain block letters. The other three choices are features of legible handwriting. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT an appropriate strategy to use when looking for reader response to literature? A. choral reading B. literature circles C. think-pair-share D. journals A. choral reading Choral, or unison, reading does not involve students' response to the literature. The other choices do. NavaEd ELA PT1 Writing that uses sensory details is: A. informational. B. expository. C. fictional. D. descriptive. D. descriptive. Sensory details can be used in other types of writing, but descriptive writing must have sensory details (sights, sounds, colors, etc.). NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Most of Ms. Adams' kindergarten students can label pictures in their daily journals with strings of random letters. What should Ms. Adams' next step be to develop writing skills in those students? A. Have the students write short paragraphs about what they have drawn. B. Ask the students to engage in peer discussions about their writing. C. Ask the students to label their drawings with appropriate initial letters. D. Have the students look up the words that match their drawings in a dictionary. C. Ask the students to label their drawings with appropriate initial letters. This makes the most sense to continue to develop skills. They are not ready for paragraphs, peer discussions will not meet the goal, and dictionaries are never the answer. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT a benefit of the workshop approach in the classroom? A. It allows adequate time for student practice. B. It requires students to learn skills independently. C. It allows the teacher to remediate with small groups. D. It provides differentiated learning opportunities. B. It requires students to learn skills independently. Workshops are geared more toward peer/collaborative work while the teacher leads small-group or individual instruction. NavaEd ELA PT1 Classroom structures should include ___________ to allow for multiple speaking and listening opportunities. A. formal cooperative learning groups only B. informal cooperative learning groups only C. a combination of independent and group work D. whole group lessons combined with small-group lessons D. whole group lessons combined with small-group lessons The word multiple is key. A and B both have the qualifier—only—so eliminate those. Independent work does not allow for speaking and listening, so C is also out. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT an important consideration when setting up the classroom? A. the number of students in the class B. spacing of the work centers C. electrical outlets D. a quiet space for independent work C. electrical outlets Remember, seating arrangements need to encourage active participation and provide the best learning environment for the students. While it may be ideal to have a computer center near electrical outlets, it is not the most pressing consideration. NavaEd ELA PT1 When students are asked to use facts and data in their essays in order to inform the reader, they are engaging in ___________ writing. A. explanatory/expository B. persuasive/opinion C. descriptive D. narrative A. explanatory/expository This kind of writing informs or explains something to the reader. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which cooperative grouping strategy requires a student to become an expert on a topic and then share the information with peers? A. think-pair-share B. numbered heads together C. jigsaw D. rally robin C. jigsaw In a jigsaw, the text is broken into chunks. Each student from a group is assigned a different chunk of the text to read and report back to the group. It helps improve listening, communication, and problem-solving skills and is great for student engagement when tackling longer texts. NavaEd ELA PT1 The ELA Florida Standards Assessments (FSA) is an example of a: A. diagnostic assessment. B. criterion-referenced assessment. C. norm-referenced assessment. D. formative assessment. B. criterion-referenced assessment. Because it is based on standards, the FSA is criterion-referenced (criteria=standards). NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Students are taking an exam that will measure their performance against other students in the nation. This is used to make decisions about education programs. This type of assessment is: A. norm-referenced. B. criterion-referenced. C. summative. D. formative. A. norm-referenced. Norm-referenced tests measure how a student compares to his or her peers. NavaEd ELA PT1 What is the main purpose of formative assessments? A. to be used as grades B. to diagnose learning issues C. to drive instruction D. to used in professional learning communities (PLCs) C. to drive instruction Formative assessments do not diagnose, they should not be used as grades, and although the results can be discussed at PLCs, that is not the MAIN goal. The main purpose is to inform and drive future instruction. NavaEd ELA PT1 The STAR Early Literacy Assessment given at the beginning of second grade is an example of: A. a diagnostic assessment. B. a criterion-referenced assessment. C. a formative assessment. D. a summative assessment. A. a diagnostic assessment. The STAR Early Literacy test is a diagnostic test for reading skills. It is not criterion-referenced because it is not intended to measure mastery of standards or criteria. Formative ( C) is used after a diagnostic and instruction to monitor progress and drive further instruction. Summative (D) is a "final" test to measure mastery of standards. NavaEd ELA PT1 Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. During independent reading time, a student notices the characters in his chapter book exhibit distinct behaviors. Which story element is the student picking up on? A. plot B. setting C. point of view D. characterization D. characterization This literary device is when the author shows the characters' motivations and personality. The plot (A) details the main events in the story; the setting (B) is where the story takes place; and point of view (C) is the perspective from which the story is told. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which of the following is an example of an onset-rime segmentation? A. class-room B. walk-ed C. d-og D. re-wind C. d-og The other choices are examples of structural analysis NavaEd ELA PT1 When a teacher asks students to make predictions about a text, he or she is fostering the students': A. fluency. B. comprehension. C. prosody. D. automaticity. B. comprehension. Prosody and automaticity are components of fluency, so you can eliminate all three of these choices. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which of the following is NOT a consonant blend? A. bl B. sh C. cr D. at D. at This is the only choice that is a combination of a vowel and consonant. NavaEd ELA PT1 Which is NOT a characteristic of successful technology integration in the classroom? A. easily accessible to teacher and students B. routinely used C. supports curricular goals D. independent computer-based learning D. independent computer-based learning This is not one of the identified characteristics of technology integration. The word independent sets it apart from the others. It is not always appropriate for children to work independently. While students can and most likely will work independently on computers, technology integration encompasses more than that. NavaEd ELA PT1 When the goal is enhanced information and media literacy, which is NOT a consideration? A. Who is the main character? B. Who is the intended audience? C. Who is conveying the message? D. What media is used to deliver the message? A. Who is the main character? In media literacy, the message, audience, and delivery method are the main considerations. Who is at the center of the story is not. NavaEd ELA PT1 [Show More]

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