HIEU 202 History of Western Civilization II: All Quizzes (answered fall 2022) Ace in your studies in one attempt.

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HIEU 202 History of Western Civilization II: All Quizzes (answered fall 2022) HIEU 202 Quiz: Modern States and the Modern Science HIUE 202: Quiz: The Scientific Revolution HIUE 202: Quiz: The Rise ... of Sovereignty HIUE 202: Quiz: The Age of Enlightenment HIUE 202: Assignment: Quiz: The French Revolution Quiz: Reason and Revolution HIEU202 HIUE 202: Quiz: The Industrial Revolution HIUE 202: Quiz: Thought and Culture in the Early 19th Century HIUE 202: Quiz: Revolution & Counterrevolution 1815-1848 HIUE 202 Quiz: Industry, Ideology, and Revolution HIUE 202 Quiz: Thought and Culture in the Mid 19th Century HIUE 202 Quiz: The Surge of Nationalism HIUE 202 Quiz: Economy, Society, and Nation HIUE 202 Quiz: Assignment: Quiz: The Industrial West HIUE 202 Quiz: Imperialism: Western Global Dominance HIUE 202 Quiz: Modern Consciousness HIUE 202 Quiz: Expansion of Industry, Empire, Ideas, and the Universe HIUE 202 Quiz: World War I HIUE 202 Quiz: An Era of Totalitarianism HIUE 202 Chapter 31 Quiz HIUE 202 Quiz: Europe After World War II HIUE 202 Quiz: What Happened to Western Civilization? HIUE 202 Chapter 33 Quiz. HIUE 202 Quiz: Europe Today: The Fate of Christendom HIEU 202 History of Western Civilization II: All Quizzes (answered fall 2022)Quiz: Industry, Ideology, and Revolution In time, the Industrial Revolution became a great force for democracy. Group of answer choices True False The first stages of industrial development in England primarily involved: Group of answer choices the application of science to innovative technology in the production of goods. making simple changes in manufacturing methods, especially in the cotton industry. the development of heavy industry, especially iron and steel. applying steam power to the mass production and transportation of goods. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “artisan”? Group of answer choices Craftsman Artist A type of well Factory worker This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:10:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/150124189/Quiz-Industrydocx/Historians still debate how bad workers’ conditions were in the early stages of industrialization, but they generally conclude that Group of answer choices standards of living declined dramatically through the first half of the 19th century. standards of living for most workers actually improved. standards of living remained basically the same for most workers. there is not enough evidence to determine the standard of living for workers in this period. Which of the following was the first nation to attempt reform in order to aid the poor? Group of answer choices Netherlands America Britain Germany According to the video lecture, which of the following was the name given to a group of people who objected to the changes of the Industrial Revolution? Group of answer choices Luddites Socialists Conservatives Jacobites This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:10:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/150124189/Quiz-Industrydocx/According to the video lecture on the Industrial Revolution, by what means were large factories and railroads financed? Group of answer choices Government funding Limited liability corporations Charitable organizations Individual fortunes Why is the word “classical” used to describe 19th-century liberalism? Group of answer choices to designate it as superior to conservatism or libertarianism because 19th-century liberals were influenced by classical (Greco-Roman) ideas because it is obsolete, a view held by virtually no one in this century to differentiate it from “social” liberalism or “new liberalism.” The Romantics saw native languages, songs and legends as the unique creations of a people. By valuing a nation’s past, romanticism contributed to Group of answer choices the rise of liberalism and conservatism Enlightenment thinking a rejection of the Middle Ages modern nationalism and conservatism This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:10:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/150124189/Quiz-Industrydocx/Among the most basic elements of conservative thinking was the idea that Group of answer choices reason is a useless and undesirable tool for understanding the world. God and history are legitimate sources of authority and traditions should be preserved, not destroyed. all change is undesirable and should be resisted by all means available. human beings are born good and therefore do not need to be controlled by institutions of authority. Which of the following was the core component of the liberal theory of economics? Group of answer choices the free market. central economic planning. price controls. poor relief. Nationalism and romanticism are compatible in the belief that Group of answer choices A nation is the produce of human reason and can be created according to a theory or model The nation commands the total obedience of the individual, whose own expression is unimportant. The nation has a life or soul of its own, expressed in its unique culture and traditions. The nation is important only as a means of attaining and protecting individual rights. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:10:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/150124189/Quiz-Industrydocx/Early socialists like Saint–Simon, Fourier, and Owen tended to believe that: Group of answer choices only a democratic political system could bring about social and economic justice. existing institutions must be destroyed by violent revolution to clear the way for a just society to be created. religion, science, and over–planning are the main causes of misery and suffering in society. cooperation and community are more important to the improvement of human life than are competition among and individuals. The most serious threat to Austrian unity in the nineteenth century came from: Group of answer choices middle–class liberalism. Bohemia. the Magyars in Hungary. northern Italy All of the following experienced at least one revolution in the 1820s. The only revolution to succeed was in Group of answer choices Spain. southern Italy. Greece. northern Italy. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:10:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/150124189/Quiz-Industrydocx/Britain was the freest state in Europe in the early decades of the nineteenth century, but it was far from democratic. Group of answer choices True False Which of the following best represents the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? Group of answer choices To provide stability for new republican governments in colonial settlements To affirm the place of France in the Concert of Europe To restore the stability and peace of the old order in Europe To pass legislation affirming the authority of the king Perhaps the greatest achievement of the Congress of Vienna was Group of answer choices its promotion of liberal ideas throughout Europe Its ability to create legislation for the good of Europe in spite of divisions between participating states the unification of Germany the restoration of a balance of power that lasted until the 1870s The revolutions of 1848 were undermined, in large part, by: Group of answer choices the failure of liberalism to win substantial support. the popularity of conservatism. class divisions and nationalist animosities. the lack of real issues to motivate rebellion. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:10:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/150124189/Quiz-Industrydocx/The course lecture presentation on Restoration and Revolution focused on one state to illustrate the process of revolution in the 1830s through 1848. Which state was used? Group of answer choices France Habsburg Austria Italy Prussia This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:10:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/150124189/Quiz-Industrydocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: The Scientific Revolution Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation a. were a remarkable philosophical creation but had no practical value or use. b. confirmed Aristotle's theory that an object in motion tends to come to rest. c. proved that the force that keeps planets in their orbits is the same as the force that causes objects to fall. d. left no place in the universe for God and were therefore outlawed by Protestants and Catholics alike. Hide Feedback Correct Benedict de Spinoza (1632–1677) a. believed that God is separate from nature. b. was believed to be an atheist by his contemporaries. c. was a Dominican friar. d. was a Cartesian dualist. Hide Feedback Correct René Descartes (1596–1650) a. was an atheist. b. made a sharp distinction between matter and spirit. c. favored a revival of ancient ideas. d. looked first to the natural world for certain truth. Hide Feedback Correct In the 1600s, science posed a challenge to a. the traditional authority of Catholic clergy but strengthened that of Protestant clergy. b. philosophers who sought reform of the clerical power. c. the authority of Protestant clergy but strengthened that of Catholic clergy. d. the traditional authority of clergy, in both Catholic and Protestant churches. Hide Feedback Correct The rise of the scientific worldview was generally a. accepted by promoters of industry, who saw it as a way of enhancing their power and prosperity. b. rejected in Protestant countries because it was incompatible with religious belief. c. opposed by governments, which saw it as a threat to their political power. d. welcomed by the masses, who turned away from religion and superstition. Hide Feedback Correct The mechanical philosophy central to the Scientific Revolution denied the existence of a. motion. b. God. c. matter. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:01:21 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147510370/The-Scientificdocx/d. forms. Hide Feedback Correct The Copernican conception of the universe was revolutionary in that it a. violated the church's teaching that God sat at the center of the universe. b. contradicted the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic system that had already been condemned by the church. c. proposed that heavenly bodies moved in erratic and unpredictable orbits. d. suggested that the earth must be in motion, an idea that seemed to violate common sense and experience. Hide Feedback Correct Paracelsus (1493–1541) a. was quickly embraced by the medical community. b. attracted few followers outside of his native Switzerland c. was an ardent supporter of Galenic medicine. d. relied on chemicals for cures. Hide Feedback Correct The new approach to nature that followed from the Renaissance revival of ancient learning combined all of the following EXCEPT a. mathematics. b. experimentation. c. the doctrine of forms. d. magic. Hide Feedback Correct Galileo's observations of the heavens by telescope a. seemed to contradict the Copernican theory and support that of Tycho Brahe. b. were condemned by the church because Galileo saw no evidence of God or angels. c. refuted the belief in circular orbits of the planets and supported the idea of epicycles. d. helped break down distinctions that had been made between the nature of the heavens and that of the earth. Hide Feedback Correct Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) a. believed in abstract reason, not in observation. b. provided the data for Johannes Kepler's theories. c. accepted the heliocentric model of the universe. d. discovered astronomical phenomena that led him to reject Aristotle. Hide Feedback Correct The work of Vesalius and Harvey was like that of Galileo and Newton in that it This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:01:21 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147510370/The-Scientificdocx/a. accepted basic views that had been handed down from the ancient world and built upon them. b. was based on pure reason rather than observation or experimentation. c. was expressed in the language of mathematical equations and formulas. d. looked at nature as an essentially mechanical system. Hide Feedback Correct In his Opticks, Newton argued that a. light emanated from the heavens alone. b. the order of the physical world denied the existence of God. c. light was corpuscular in nature. d. the pursuit of alchemy was fraudulent and sinful. Hide Feedback Correct The work of Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) a. retained the use of epicycles to explain the motion of the planets. b. provided sound mathematical proof to Copernicus's theory. c. proved that the velocity of a planet is uniform. d. was the product of his rejection of the Platonic ideal. Hide Feedback Correct Platonic philosophy inspired Renaissance thinkers to a. see the search for truth about nature as another aspect of the search for knowledge about God. b. rely solely on their senses for knowledge. c. reject the writings of all other pre-Christian thinkers. d. reject Christianity in favor of the pagan cults ancient Greece. Hide Feedback Correct Robert Boyle (1627–1691) a. rejected the atomic explanation of matter. b. rejected the experimental method in favor of magic. c. feared the tendencies of the populace to disorder and rebellion. d. equated Aristotelian ideas with Protestantism. Hide Feedback Correct The Scientific Revolution resulted in all of the following EXCEPT the a. belief that the universe was a giant machine. b. widening of the gap between elite and popular culture. c. reorientation of society toward physical and human problems. d. elimination of religion as a force in society. Hide Feedback Correct The Galenic theory of medicine a. argued that health was the result of chemical balance. b. encouraged the discovery of specific cures for particular diseases. c. rejected the ideas of Aristotle. d. resulted in such practices as bloodletting and sweating. Hide Feedback This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:01:21 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147510370/The-Scientificdocx/Correct Medieval thinkers a. accepted Aristotle, but rejected Ptolemy. b. rejected Aristotle's division of the universe into celestial and terrestrial realms. c. integrated Aristotle and Ptolemy into a Christian framework. d. rejected Aristotle's concept of matter and form. Hide Feedback Correct This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:01:21 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147510370/The-Scientificdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Assignment: Quiz: The Industrial West After the Franco-Prussian War, the Paris Communards defied the provisional government, because they a. were all committed to the establishment, a Marxist regime that would abolish private property and eliminate the bourgeoisie. b. wanted to restore the Second Empire and refused to surrender to the Prussians. c. refused to accept the peace terms that accompanied France's surrender. d. agreed with most of the other citizens of France, who thought that the government was too conservative. During the second wave of industrialization a. skilled and unskilled workers frequently collaborated to protest working conditions. b. anarchist parties declined sharply in popularity because of increased prosperity. c. the standard of living of most workers declined significantly, although their jobs became less dangerous and monotonous. d. technological advancements dramatically increased the need for unskilled laborers. The nineteenth-century "cult of domesticity" a. had appeal for the bourgeoisie but not the working class. b. referred to the ideal of women and children in the home rather than the workplace. c. prioritized handicrafts as more valuable than machine-made products. d. turned the world of work into a woman's world. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Britain was a. the first country in Europe to require state schools and compulsory education. b. seized with revolution and reaction due to the lack of social mobility. c. dominated by the Liberals, who succeeded in keeping the Conservatives out of power until the start of the twentieth century. d. a country of contrasts, with both considerable political liberty and a vast overseas empire of subject and exploited peoples. The achievements of the nineteenth century did NOT include a. the reconciliation of national and class conflicts throughout Europe. b. the creation of a more cosmopolitan and interdependent world. c. the implementation of universal manhood suffrage in most of Europe. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:15:51 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152755660/Assignment-The-Industrial-docx/d. the abolition of serfdom in Europe. When the Third French Republic was established in the 1870s a. it had the enthusiastic support of the French people and governed smoothly for the next sixty years. b. the French people were divided into many political parties. c. most Frenchmen were urban workers who supported a radical democracy based on socialist principles. d. a majority of the French people were monarchists who doubted the stability of republican government. On Easter Sunday in 1916 a. Irish Protestants rebelled against home rule. b. Ireland withdrew from World War I as a protest against British policies. c. Irish nationalists succeeded in winning independence for all of Ireland. d. the British army suppressed an uprising in Dublin and executed its leaders. The Taff Vale decision contributed to a. the success of the Labour Party in Britain. b. the demise of organized labor in Britain. c. a split between the Labour Party and the Liberal Party. d. the growth of Marxism in Britain. The new Italian government dealt with the difficult social and economic problems of the country by a. organizing strong and stable political parties that offered Italians clear political choices. b. cooperating closely with the papacy, which strongly supported the state. c. trying to divert public attention toward the promise of foreign expansion and national glory. d. expanding the right to vote to all adult Italian men and women. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:15:51 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152755660/Assignment-The-Industrial-docx/The accelerated urbanization that accompanied the second industrial revolution strengthened ________ in most places. a. national loyalties b. regional loyalties c. religious loyalties d. class loyalties Socialist parties in the two decades preceding World War I a. declined in popularity because the ideas of Marx had been discredited. b. grew rapidly, particularly in Germany. c. had few members because of the general prosperity of the working class. d. were divided between "orthodox" Marxists, who advocated peaceful change, and "revisionists," who wanted revolution. Women gained the right to vote following World War I in a. Germany. b. Italy. c. Spain. d. France. The women's movement in Britain a. received strong support from Conservatives. b. provoked contempt, but little else from the government. c. was vocal but never violent. d. was divided along class lines. The constitution on which the German Empire was based provided for a. a two-party system that mirrored that of Britain. b. universal manhood suffrage. c. open competition for careers at the top levels of government. d. guarantees of basic civil liberties, such as freedom of speech and press. Bismarck's Kulturkampf resulted in a. the weakening of the power of German liberals. b. the strengthening of the alliance between Bismarck and Prussian conservatives. c. a complete victory for Bismarck. d. a renewed commitment of Germany to Catholicism. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:15:51 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152755660/Assignment-The-Industrial-docx/Tsar Alexander II was responsible for a. an increased isolation of Russia from Western Europe and a rejection of modern technology. b. the westernization of the intelligentsia. c. increasing repression against the Russian aristocracy. d. the emancipation of the Russian serfs in 1861. The Dreyfus affair a. finally came to an end when Dreyfus was executed in 1906. b. revealed and intensified the divisions in French society. c. resulted in a coalition of the army, the Catholic Church, and monarchists coming to Dreyfus' aid. d. healed wounds, as the French people rallied around the cause of Alfred Dreyfus. Three years after Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was elected president of the Second French Republic, a. the Second Republic fell in the Franco-Prussian war. b. the whole of France was clamoring for his dismissal. c. he was accepted as emperor by those who feared revolution. d. France was in economic disarray. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:15:51 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152755660/Assignment-The-Industrial-docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Chapter 31 Quiz During the Battle of Britain a. the use of radar helped the British maximize their resources. b. Hitler sent an invasion fleet that was only defeated because of bad weather. c. Hitler became convinced that the Luftwaffe could destroy the British air defenses. d. British morale failed, but the army managed to maintain order. In the 1920s, the only attempt made to contain Germany by force was a. the Kellogg-Briand pact, committing France and the United States to military action against German aggression. b. a system of alliances between France, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia in order to encircle Germany. c. the Locarno Pact, in which Belgium and France became allies in order to protect their borders from German intrusion. d. the Washington Naval Conference, in which the United States, Italy, Britain, France, and Japan opposed a new German navy. Although an extreme anti-Bolshevik, Hitler was able to conclude the NaziSoviet Pact of 1939 because a. the Russians wanted Polish territory and time to strengthen their armed forces. b. Russia had already refused to ally itself with the Western capitalist countries. c. he hoped to buy off Russia by giving it all of Poland so that he would be free to attack other Western nations. d. the totalitarian powers planned to cooperate in a war against liberal democratic nations. The chance for a Japanese victory over the United States passed with Japan's defeat in the battle of a. Imo Jima. b. Midway. c. the Coral Sea. d. Okinawa France and Britain differed in their attitude toward Czechoslovakia in that a. France had agreed to a mutual assistance pact with Czechoslovakia. b. French officials had been convinced by German propaganda that Sudeten Germans were being oppressed. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:20 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155243201/Chapter-31-Quizdocx/c. Britain had agreed to a mutual assistance pact with Czechoslovakia. d. British officials were enthusiastic about war with Germany, but did not want to proceed without French assistance. The Nazis saw the extermination of the Jews as a. a necessary, but unfortunate, policy. b. a shameful act of which they kept no records. c. subordinate to other goals. d. a righteous crusade. The collapse of France in 1940 can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT a. the impossibility for the French of matching Germany's superior manpower. b. the belief of the French generals that the coming conflict would be a long war of attrition. c. the failure of the French High Command to deploy their planes properly. d. the French practice of spreading tanks among the infantry divisions instead of concentrating them in large formations. When Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1935, the League of Nations a. called for economic sanctions against Italy. b. blocked all oil supplies to Italy. c. called for a European force to oppose Italy in Ethiopia. d. condemned the invasion, but took no action. The Nazi plan for the treatment of conquered territories included a. transporting members of "inferior races" to Germany to be used as slave laborers. b. replacing all local government officials with members of the "German race". c. rounding up the entire Jewish population and transporting them to a new This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:20 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155243201/Chapter-31-Quizdocx/Jewish state in Palestine. d. educating most priests, intellectuals, and other leaders to become good Nazis, then placing them back in schools and churches. The surrender of Germany was brought about by a. the assassination of Hitler by Nazi officials, who could no longer tolerate his irrational decisions. b. the defeat of its Italian allies and the death of Mussolini. c. the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan, which served as a warning of destruction if Germany fought on. d. a series of major military defeats, beginning in Russia and North Africa. The siege of Leningrad demonstrated a. Hitler's only significant victory in the Soviet Union. b. the success of Hitler's blitzkrieg (lightning war). c. the determination of the Soviet citizens to resist Germany. d. the unwillingness of Soviet citizens to make sacrifices for their country. The Spanish Civil War was an important "rehearsal" for World War II because a. it allowed Spanish, Italian, and German combatants an opportunity to gain valuable military experience by testing weapons and pilots. b. Fascists and authoritarians distrusted one another and would not come to one another's aid. c. Russia proved that it could not be trusted to oppose Fascism anywhere in Europe. d. the Western democracies showed themselves willing to unite in military opposition to authoritarianism. Hitler's foreign policy objectives differed from those of traditional German rulers in that he a. sought German domination and exploitation of racial inferiors. b. sought for the first time to make Germany the preeminent power in Europe. c. wanted to Germanize but not enslave the Poles living under German control. d. called for the conquest and colonization of Eastern Europe. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:20 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155243201/Chapter-31-Quizdocx/The country that sacrificed more than the other participants in both population and material resources during World War II was a. Britain. b. the United States. c. the Soviet Union. d. Germany. Lebensraum refers to Hitler's philosophy concerning a. the injustice of the Treaty of Versailles. b. the living space required for the German people. c. the evils of Communism. d. his support for the European capitalist economic order. World War II a. offered women outside the United States few opportunities to contribute to the war effort. b. convinced many Europeans of the dangers of extreme nationalism and prompted greater cooperation and unity. c. slowed the disintegration of Europe's overseas empires. d. required Germans in the war's immediate aftermath to accept culpability for Nazi atrocities. The British policy of appeasement was designed to a. buy time for Britain to rearm. b. lull Hitler into a false sense of security. c. prepare the way for Fascism in Britain. d. prevent Hitler from starting a general war. Japan's imperial expansion in the 1930s began with its attack in 1931 on This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:20 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155243201/Chapter-31-Quizdocx/a. Burma. b. the Philippines. c. Manchuria. d. Korea. Resistance movements organized to oppose Nazi rule a. sprung up in every occupied country. b. were nonexistent in Poland. c. were especially weak in Scandinavia. d. only developed in France and Yugoslavia. Hitler's primary motivation for the invasion of the Soviet Union was to a. use Russian resources to complete the Battle of Britain. b. prohibit the Japanese from striking Russia first. c. eliminate any possible resistance to German expansion in the Balkans and the Near East. d. destroy the Soviet system and acquire land for German colonization. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:20 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155243201/Chapter-31-Quizdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Chapter 33 Quiz. The "Arab Spring" of 2011 refers to a. secular, liberal movements in Tunisia, Egypt, Syria, and elsewhere in the region. b. new calls for Muslims in France and Germany to assimilate to Western culture. c. a union of terrorist groups pledged to destroy Israel at any cost. d. resurgence of anti-Western radicalism and Islamic fundamentalism. In Boris Yeltsin's term as Russian President, "shock therapy" a. came to refer to the practice of using secret police to suppress dissent. b. reformed the Russian Army by purging all members of the Communist Party. c. was used to transform the state-run economy into a capitalist market system. d. made allegiance to the Russian Orthodox Church compulsory. The European Union a. is universally popular among Europeans, as indicated by the extensive celebrations of its fiftieth anniversary in 2007. b. is a source of concern among Europeans worried about losing their national sovereignty and identity. c. managed to shield its member countries completely from the financial meltdown of 2008. d. is underpinned by a strong European Parliament, stationed in Strasbourg. The rebels in Chechnya a. objected to Vladimir Putin's policy of toleration for Muslims b. fought to establish a system of free market capitalism. c. tried to resurrect the idea of a Communist utopia in Russia. d. sought independence from Russia and an Islamic government. The Maastricht Treaty a. was designed to shape Europe into a unified economic and political force. b. officially condemned the actions of Slobodan Milosevic in Kosovo as crimes against humanity. c. brought an end to decades of warfare between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156419250/Chapter-33-Quizdocx/d. was adopted by the Euroskeptics who oppose European integration. The longest war in U.S. history is a. the war in Afghanistan. b. the Vietnam War. c. the Persian Gulf War. d. the war in Iraq. Which of the following is NOT true of contemporary Muslim anti-Semitism? a. It holds out an image of a utopian future once the Jews are eliminated. b. It is linked to the establishment of Israel and its ongoing conflict with the Palestinians. c. Holocaust denial is widespread in the Middle East. d. It has little in common with traditional European anti-Semitism. The "oligarchs" who appeared under Yeltsin in Russia were a. members of the Russian secret police who maintained faith in Communism. b. patriarchs of the newly-revived Russian Orthodox Church seeking power. c. businessmen who bought state-owned industries at very low prices. d. poor workers who asserted claims to land owned by their families before 1917. Contemporary population patterns a. show continued growth in the United States and throughout Europe. b. have produced pressures that have left over 1 billion people living in extreme poverty. c. have finally resolved the twentieth century's problems of impoverishment and malnutrition. d. demonstrate a slowdown after unprecedented growth in the twentieth century. Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Putin has experienced a. a dramatic increase in exports and decline in imports resulting in economic growth. b. a sharp decline in ethnic and racial prejudice. c. a rise in life expectancy due to improved health and social services. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156419250/Chapter-33-Quizdocx/d. the revival of a nationalist-driven foreign policy agenda. During the decade since 2004, Africa has experienced a. the return of widespread famine. b. a precipitous decline in the standard of living. c. an increase in the death rate caused by AIDS and malaria. d. an economic boom. In contemporary Europe a. most governments are loosening immigration laws in the hope of easing tensions. b. Muslim immigrants and multiculturalism are increasingly under attack. c. religious extremism has declined during the last two decades. d. Muslims have successfully integrated into Western society, especially in France. Traditionally, the strongest defenders of Jews against their detractors have included all of the following EXCEPT a. trade unionists. b. liberals. c. nationalists. d. socialists. Globalization refers to the phenomenon of a. reassertion of old religious and nationalist feelings in Europe and Russia. b. waning European influence in Latin America and Africa. c. Russian and Chinese expansion into parts of Asia and the Middle East. d. the knitting together of the world through the spread of Western ideals, free-market capitalism, and technology. Postmodernists argue a. in favor of technology and materialism as the best means of solving the problems of the contemporary world. b. for a return to the values of humanism and the Enlightenment legacy c. that science provides the only means of revealing truth. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156419250/Chapter-33-Quizdocx/d. that reason fosters oppressive government, military complexes, and stifling bureaucracies. Despite significant gains in recent decades, human rights violations continue to target a. women. b. the poor. c. religious minorities. d. all of the above Most of the September 11, 2001 hijackers were from a. Syria. b. Pakistan. c. Iraq. d. Saudi Arabia. The former Yugoslavia became the most troubled region of Europe in the 1990s because a. its small Muslim population began agitating for greater freedoms. b. it was an artificial state comprised of different ethnic groups. c. of increasing resentment at Croatian domination of the Yugoslav state. d. NATO refused to get involved in the conflict and concentrated its peacekeeping efforts elsewhere. Contemporary terrorist activities a. ended after the death of Osama bin Laden. b. include actions by freelancers inspired by extremist ideologies. c. require great sums of money. d. are the exclusive product of Al Qaeda. The postwar Muslim immigrants in Europe a. made great strides in achieving economic success and political advancement. b. were required to live in ghettos by anxious Western European governments. c. rapidly assimilated to European culture and embraced Western political ideas. d. found the values of liberal democracy at odds with Islamic teachings. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156419250/Chapter-33-Quizdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Economy, Society, and Nation One of the most obvious differences between realistic and romantic writers was that Group of answer choices romantics were uninterested in nature because it was an obvious part of reality. realists rejected poetry as a proper way of expressing the real world and preferred the novel instead. romantics were interested in everyday life, whereas realists focused on the realities of the natural world. realists glorified common people and actions by making them seem extraordinary. Which of the following does the textbook identify as the most important scientific advance of the nineteenth century? Group of answer choices Darwin’s theory of evolution Freud’s theory of the subconscious Marx’s theory of dialectic materialism John Stuart Mill’s theory of self-development Nineteenth-century feminism Group of answer choices faced little opposition from liberals insisted that the principles of liberty and equality should be applied to women was supported only by women remained largely confined to England This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:14:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151505666/Economy-quizdocx/Auguste Comte pioneered the scientific study of society. He is considered the principle founder of Group of answer choices Political science Psychology Sociology Economics In the article on origins by Heather Zeiger, which of the following was NOT cited as an example from history illustrating the impact of Darwinism? Group of answer choices The eugenics movement in Nazi Germany Feminism in the 19th and 20th centuries Forced sterilization in early 20th-century America The legalization of abortion In the article on origins by Heather Zeiger, which of the following was NOT given as an area affected by Darwinism? Group of answer choices Criminal justice system Education End-of-life care Social relations This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:14:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151505666/Economy-quizdocx/According to the video interview on Darwinism, which of the following best represents the way in which Darwin’s ideas were received in the 19th century? Group of answer choices Most scientists were reluctant to accept Darwin’s ideas because they were so new and different. Darwin was ridiculed and persecuted for introducing such controversy into the scientific community. Most people had no problem with the idea of evolution of organisms, but they questioned whether or not man had evolved. Traditional Christians organized and mounted court cases to combat the teaching of evolution in schools. In the video interview with Dr. Dewitt, which of the following was NOT listed as part of the impact of social Darwinism? Group of answer choices Holocaust in Nazi Germany Reception of Marxist ideas Eugenics in the United States Planned Parenthood In the article called “Poverty and Wealth” by Don Closson, he notes that Christians often use ____________________________________ to argue that socialism is more biblical than the free market. Group of answer choices The second chapter of Acts which describes how the church in Jerusalem held all things in common The beatitudes, especially where Jesus says “Blessed are the poor.” This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:14:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151505666/Economy-quizdocx/The passage in James where believers are admonished not to treat people differently based on wealth. The New Testament teaching that believers should lay up treasures in heaven and not on earth. The main point of Closson’s article called “Poverty and Wealth” is that Group of answer choices Of the three general kinds of economic systems, socialism is the most consistent with biblical teaching. Biblical principles are not really relevant to modern economic systems. Government intervention in the economy is mandated in both the Old and New Testaments. Of the three general kinds of economic systems, free market capitalism is the most consistent with biblical teaching. Marxism, socialism, and communism are sometimes used interchangeably, but there are subtle differences in their meanings. According to the lecture presentation, which of the following represents at least one thing they have in common? Group of answer choices Opposition to capitalism A secular worldview Support for nationalism Disdain for all forms of democracy The lecture presentation on Marxism argues that two necessary conditions must exist for capitalism to be successful. Which of the following is one of those two? Group of answer choices advanced industrial development a banking system inherent human rights This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:14:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151505666/Economy-quizdocx/a Judeo-Christian foundation The Franco-Prussian War Group of answer choices completed the unification of Germany. was a stalemate, but nonetheless resulted in German unification. temporarily stalled Bismarck's plans for unification. resulted in a dramatic French victory. Otto von Bismarck came to power as a result of a Group of answer choices National election in which he represented the conservative party Coup d’état Conflict between the crown and the lower chamber of the Prussian parliament Conflict between the monarchy and the military establishment The chief architect of Italian unification was Group of answer choices Giuseppe Mazzini Camillo di Cavour Benito Mussolini Lorenzo Carbonari This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:14:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151505666/Economy-quizdocx/Volkish thinkers Group of answer choices claimed that the German race was purer than, and therefore superior to, all other races. believed it was the destiny of Europeans to unify in dominating non-European peoples. promoted the study of the folk culture of minority peoples in the Austrian Empire. faced fierce opposition from the people of Germany. In the article on Bismarck by Michael Bernhard, which of the following was NOT given as a component of Bismarck’s political opposition Group of answer choices Catholics Liberals Monarchists Socialists According to the video lecture, Bismarck made his most revolutionary impact as a statesman by Group of answer choices Advocating for the right of national self-determination Including a clear statement of equality in the first German constitution Turning the Prussian army into a means for spreading Marxism Combining German nationalist sentiment to the conservative force of the Prussian army This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:14:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151505666/Economy-quizdocx/This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:14:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151505666/Economy-quizdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Modern States and the Modern Science HIEU 202 Before the Enlightenment the term that people in the West commonly used for their civilization was Christendom European Liberal democracy Anglo-Saxon Of the three traditions that shaped Western Civilization, the first to decline and virtually disappear was the Enlightenment tradition. True False According to the lecture presentation on the modern state, what was it about Prussia that made it seem like an unlikely candidate for a national state? Geographically, it consisted of three, diverse, non-contiguous realms It was wholly contained within the powerful Holy Roman Empire It included more than 20 different language groups It lacked a strong military In the lecture presentation on the modern state, which of the following was NOT given as part of the impact of the rise of the national state? Development of the concept of the state Development of large states able to exist independently of any particular ruler The church increasingly subordinated to the state The concept of country became more important than nation or state This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 14:59:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147503231/Modern-Statesdocx/From the 13th to the 17th century, a new and unique form of political organization emerged in the west: the feudal state democratic-republican state dynastic national state mercantile state The reign of Louis XIV is usually seen as a model of royal absolutism because the nobility’s political power was absorbed into the royal state. the nobility became the state’s chief tax collectors. his foreign policy left the royal treasury much richer than it had been when his reign began. Louis exercised power personally and directly without the aid of chief ministers. The Stuart kings had difficulties, and two of them were overthrown because: Parliament disapproved of the Stuarts' refusal to conduct England's foreign policy. they showed political favoritism toward the Anglican aristocracy. the Stuarts believed in absolute monarchy and they ignored English political traditions. there was widespread resentment against their persecution of English Catholics. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 14:59:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147503231/Modern-Statesdocx/The Holy Roman Empire failed to unify its diverse political units into a cohesive state because: the Reformation fostered division and bolstered the German nobility's claims to local power. unlike other countries, it faced no wars to justify the establishment of a national army and tax system. no one dynasty was ever able to establish itself because of the tradition of electing the emperor. the Hapsburg family lacked the wealth and international resources necessary to become a great royal dynasty. The mechanical conception of nature introduced by the Scientific Revolution held that scientific truth is accessible only through reasoned thought, not through direct observation the universe operates according to measurable laws that can be expressed in mathematical terms nature itself is composed of matter as well as energy and spirit time is a divine mystery that has no relevance to understanding the universe. The Scientific Revolution resulted in all of the following except the separation of theology from other forms of inquiry. reorientation of society toward physical and human problems. elimination of religion as a force in society. laying the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 14:59:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147503231/Modern-Statesdocx/The most important thinkers associated with the Scientific Revolution took their religion very seriously. maintained the appearance of religion so that their ideas would not be condemned by the church. openly rejected religion. had little or no interaction with religion or religious authorities. Kepler's laws of planetary motion: answered the question of why the planets stay in orbit around the sun. stated that planets move at constant speeds in elliptical orbits. were the result of Kepler's rejection of mystical concepts of the universe. eliminated the need for epicycles to explain the motion of the planets. Galileo articulated a theory of universal gravitation. refused to present his work publicly for fear of the Inquisition. built a telescope and observed the moons of Jupiter. was arrested, tortured, and executed for heresy. Which of the following was NOT one of Newton’s three laws of motion? Planets move in epicycles Inertia For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Acceleration This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 14:59:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147503231/Modern-Statesdocx/In the video lecture about Isaac Newton, what object was used to demonstrate Newton’s ideas about gravity? An apple A rubber band A tennis ball A magnet In the YouTube video about the relationship between science and religion, what word is used to describe this relationship? Contradictory Interdependent Unrelated Complementary This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 14:59:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147503231/Modern-Statesdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Revolution & Counterrevolution 1815-1848 As a result of the Frankfurt Assembly a. a parliamentary union was proclaimed, but it failed because the Prussian king refused the offer to become its constitutional monarch. b. a united German republic was proclaimed, with a democratically elected president. c. liberalism in Germany, although temporarily defeated, established itself as the major movement of the future. d. a united Germany emerged, ruled by the Austrian emperor, whose state included the largest population of Germans. The most serious threat to Austrian unity came from a. Bohemia. b. northern Italy. c. middle-class liberalism. d. the Magyars in Hungary. The Hapsburg Empire was bound together by a. ethnic homogeneity. b. religious unity. c. dynastic inheritance. d. language and culture. The Italian revolutionary uprisings of 1848–1849 ended in independence from the Austrians in a. both Milan and Venice. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:09:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149881313/Quiz-Revolution-Counterrevolution-1815-1848docx/b. Venice. c. Milan. d. neither Milan nor Venice. The revolutions of 1848 were undermined, in large part, by a. class divisions and nationalist animosities. b. the failure of liberalism to win substantial support. c. the lack of real issues to motivate rebellion. d. the popularity of conservatism. In the early nineteenth century, Britain a. enacted only the political reforms called for by the Chartists. b. initiated gradual reforms, with the support of the Whigs and sometimes the king, to prevent revolutions. c. shared Metternich's fear that change was threatening and rejected calls for all reforms except religious ones. d. was free of any social unrest or violence because there was little sympathy for economic or political change. The most powerful and effective force for change in the German states in 1848 was the a. nationalist sentiment that supported German unification but sometimes disagreed on the means for achieving it. b. desire of the liberal middle classes to establish constitutional republics. c. protest of factory workers for improved factory conditions and wages. d. demand of the peasantry for land reform and relief from their manorial obligations. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:09:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149881313/Quiz-Revolution-Counterrevolution-1815-1848docx/All of the following experienced a failed revolution between 1820 and 1829 EXCEPT a. Spain. b. Greece. c. Italy. d. Russia. When expansionist ambitions threatened the Congress of Vienna, Prince Talleyrand of France suggested that Britain, Austria, and France form an alliance against a. Italy and Poland. b. Poland and Prussia. c. Prussia and Russia. d. Russia and Italy. The Revolution of 1830 in France was largely a result of a. the harsh treatment that France had received at the Congress of Vienna. b. the hostility of the bourgeoisie to oppressive measures imposed by Charles X, the "ultra"-royalist king . c. working-class disturbances inspired by the death of Louis XVIII, who had supported economic reform. d. nationalistic demands to restore French domination over Europe as it had existed in Napoleon's time. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:09:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149881313/Quiz-Revolution-Counterrevolution-1815-1848docx/Francis Palacky is regarded by many as the father of the ________ nation. a. Czech b. Romanian c. Italian d. Hungarian The first revolution after the settlement reached at the Congress of Vienna occurred in 1820 in a. Italy. b. Russia. c. Poland. d. Spain. The June Revolution in Paris was carried out by a. the bourgeoisie. b. a coalition of the bourgeoisie and moderate working-class leaders. c. a coalition of workers and intellectuals. d. workers. At the conclusion of the Revolution of 1848 in France, Louis Napoleon became president of the Second Republic in an election in which ________ could vote. a. only the bourgeoisie b. only the workers c. all adult males and females d. all adult males The failure of revolution in Germany in 1848 resulted, in part, from a. the collapse of the alliance between middle-class liberals and urban artisans. b. the refusal of the ruling class to take violent measures that might have kept enthusiasm for revolution high. c. the mass support enjoyed by conservatives. d. ethnic This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:09:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149881313/Quiz-Revolution-Counterrevolution-1815-1848docx/rivalry. The pivotal figure at the Congress of Vienna, Prince Klemens von Metternich, represented a. Russia. b. Austria. c. England. d. Prussia. One of the major goals of Metternich at the Congress of Vienna was to a. remove power from traditional authorities and invest it in the middle classes. b. encourage the revolutionary ideals of the French Revolution. c. endorse the spirit of nationalism among ethnic minorities. d. create a balance of power among the European states. The revolutions in Central Europe in 1848 demonstrated that a. nationalism and liberalism were not natural allies. b. nationalists were deeply passionate about the rights of other peoples. c. nationalism and liberalism were natural allies. d. ruling authorities embraced nationalism to increase their power. The Reform Act of 1832 a. extended suffrage to workers. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:09:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149881313/Quiz-Revolution-Counterrevolution-1815-1848docx/b. granted unions the right to strike. c. eliminated so-called "rotten boroughs." d. dramatically restricted the power of the monarchy. All of the demands of the Chartists were eventually realized in Britain EXCEPT a. the abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament. b. annual elections for Parliament. c. universal manhood suffrage. d. the secret ballot. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:09:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149881313/Quiz-Revolution-Counterrevolution-1815-1848docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: The Rise of Sovereignty The consequences of the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1714) included all of the following EXCEPT a. the beginning of England's rise to the status of a world power. b. the Austrian acquisition of Belgium and pieces of Italy. c. the Austrian capturing of the French throne. d. the subduing of French ambitions by the English and Dutch. The Glorious Revolution a. resulted in a constitution in which all people were equal before the law. b. created a new political and constitutional system. c. returned the Stuart monarchs to the throne. d. resulted in universal male suffrage. The Holy Roman Empire failed to unify its diverse political units into a cohesive state because a. no one dynasty was ever able to establish itself because of the tradition of electing the emperor. b. the Reformation fostered division and bolstered the German nobility's claims to local power. c. unlike other countries, it faced no wars to justify the establishment of a national army and tax system. d. the Hapsburg family lacked the wealth and international resources necessary to become a great royal dynasty. In the seventeenth century, French kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV a. saw French Protestants as enemies of the state. b. welcomed Protestants into official positions in an effort to heal the wounds of civil war. c. granted Protestants increased religious freedom. d. put aside religious issues in order to concentrate on foreign policy. Ferdinand and Isabella put in place a dynastic state that laid the foundation for the Spanish Empire by a. forging a Spanish identity based in part on "blood" ancestry. b. increasing their reliance on the cultural and economic contributions of Iberian Muslims. c. reducing the size of their army and directing financial resources to commerce and industry. d. welcoming Jews into Spain and offering them religious toleration. By the late seventeenth century, in only England and ________ did landed and mercantile elites share in the process of governing. a. France b. the Dutch Republic c. Spain d. Prussia This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:01:52 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147513080/Quiz-The-Rise-of-Sovereigntydocx/At the heart of the Prussian state was a. a powerful system of Prussian provincial assemblies outside the control of the king. b. a military elite with a keen interest in reform. c. a free taxpaying peasantry. d. a landowning Junker class supported by the labor of serfs. The Stuart kings had difficulties, and two of them were overthrown because a. Parliament disapproved of the Stuarts' refusal to conduct England's foreign policy. b. the Stuarts believed in absolute monarchy, and they ignored English political traditions. c. there was widespread resentment against their persecution of English Catholics. d. they showed political favoritism toward the Anglican aristocracy. A major problem for Emperor Charles V was that a. he devoted more effort to stimulating commerce than to asserting his political and military power. b. the Spanish merchant class controlled the political process. c. the Protestant Reformation forced him to abandon his Catholic faith. d. the enormous size of his territory demanded equally large amounts of money to maintain and to govern. A major reason for the leading role of monarchs in the development of states was the fact that a. the authority of monarchs often seemed the only alternative to war and disorder among the feudal aristocracy. b. feudal nobles wished to relieve themselves of the burdens of power, so they willingly gave up this power to monarchs. c. royal governments reduced taxation and forced military service; therefore, they had popular support. d. monarchs lost interest in religious affairs and stopped meddling with the churches in their countries. The growth of royal power in England during the sixteenth century was aided by all of the following EXCEPT a. the defeat of the power of the papacy. b. the reduction of the political significance of Parliament. c. the administrative revolution of the Tudors. d. the restored order and stability imposed by Henry VII. The Fronde was a revolt of a. French peasants over tax increases. b. French peasants over rent increases. c. the French clergy over the religious policies of Cardinal Mazarin. d. Parisians, supported by French aristocrats, the courts, and the city's poorer classes over the harsh policies of Cardinal Mazarin. By the eighteenth century, the focal point of Western political life was This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:01:52 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147513080/Quiz-The-Rise-of-Sovereigntydocx/a. the state. b. the locality. c. the landed aristocracy. d. the national church. Which of the following best embodies Cardinal Richelieu's policy of raison d'état, or reason of state? a. an international Catholic alliance b. religious freedom in France c. war with Catholic Spain d. an equal partnership between nobles and the king in France The reign of Louis XIV is usually seen as a model of royal absolutism because a. he exercised power personally and directly without chief ministers. b. his foreign policy left the royal treasury much richer than it had been when his reign began. c. the nobility's political power was absorbed into the royal state. d. the nobility became the country's chief tax collectors. The consequences of the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1714) included all of the following EXCEPT a. the beginning of England's rise to the status of a world power. b. the Austrian acquisition of Belgium and pieces of Italy. c. the Austrian capturing of the French throne. d. the subduing of French ambitions by the English and Dutch. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:01:52 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/147513080/Quiz-The-Rise-of-Sovereigntydocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Thought and Culture in the Early 19th Century Liberals believed that their commitment to individual liberty required them to a. oppose government programs and laws that would interfere with the natural law of supply and demand. b. oppose education as a means to improve political and social life. c. increase the size of the government as the best means to make things better for the people. d. oppose the industrialists and financiers of the day. For Thomas Paine, the only legitimate form of government was a. monarchy. b. anarchy. c. representative democracy. d. oligarchy. The Enlightenment thinker whose autobiography, The Confessions, reflected ideals that would come to characterize the Romantic Movements was a. Jean Jacques Rousseau. b. Voltaire. c. John Locke. d. Cesare Beccaria. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:39 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149876543/Quiz-Thought-and-Culture-in-the-Early-19th-Centurydocx/According to David Ricardo's "iron law of wages" a. increased wages only set off a series of events that lead to the lowering of wages. b. human beings are motivated by money and nothing else. c. higher wages lead to lower birth rates. d. higher wages always lead to a higher standard of living. Bentham's theory of utilitarianism viewed democracy as a. a logical outgrowth of the desire to provide the greatest happiness to the greatest number. b. more hypocritical than the principles by which people in power had previously justified their rule over others. c. trustworthy because of the essential goodness that all human beings have from birth. d. the only way to assure the natural rights to which all people are entitled. The ideals of the Romantic Movement were most unlike those of the philosophes in that romantics a. dismissed religion as being oppressive to the human spirit. b. valued emotions and intuition more than reason. c. rejected the concept of freedom for the individual. d. cared nothing for the nation, its history or its traditions. In Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville argued that democracy a. spawns a selfish individualism that can This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:39 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149876543/Quiz-Thought-and-Culture-in-the-Early-19th-Centurydocx/degenerate into hedonism. b. was not the political system of the future. c. was without social and political dangers, making it a flawless political system. d. was less just than aristocratic government. According to Thomas Malthus, a. the poor were not responsible for their own misery. b. economics was not subject to scientific laws. c. the state was the key economic progress. d. population always grows faster than the food supply. The author whose influential Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) was instrumental in shaping conservative thought was a. Edmund Burke. b. Joseph de Maistre. c. Louis de Bonald. d. Thomas Paine. Early socialist Henri Comte de Saint-Simon believed that society should be based on a. national identity. b. religion. c. scientific knowledge. d. tradition. The romantics gave primary importance to This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:39 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149876543/Quiz-Thought-and-Culture-in-the-Early-19th-Centurydocx/a. the autonomy of the personality. b. calculated rationality. c. the acquisition of scientific knowledge. d. the mind's autonomy. The romantics celebrated a. a mechanistic view of God and nature. b. the beauty of nature and the harmony of the Middle Ages. c. industrial progress and scientific endeavor. d. Greek and Roman models as the height of human achievement. Hegel believed that world history a. is a degenerative process resulting in the loss of human freedom. b. reveals a rational process progressing toward a goal. c. demonstrates that God does not exist. d. is a random series of unconnected events. Nationalism and romanticism are compatible in that a. a nation is the product of human reason and can be created according to a theory or model. b. the nation is important only as means of attaining and protecting individual This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:39 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149876543/Quiz-Thought-and-Culture-in-the-Early-19th-Centurydocx/rights. c. the nation has a life or soul of its own, expressed in its unique culture and traditions. d. the nation commands the total obedience of the individual, whose own expression is unimportant. Although it was a powerful creative force in the arts, romanticism carried in it certain dangers, such as a. an insistence that rational thought leads to a greater understanding of God and nature. b. the rejection of unique qualities, such as folk myths and legends, that contribute to peoples' identities. c. a distrust of liberty that would encourage the basically evil nature of human beings. d. its compatibility with nationalism, which often produced unrealistic and irrational thoughts and actions. Charles Fourier sought to a. create communities in which all money and goods would be distributed evenly. b. reinforce the power of the family in society. c. create small This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:39 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149876543/Quiz-Thought-and-Culture-in-the-Early-19th-Centurydocx/communities where people could enjoy simple pleasures. d. reorganize society along industrial lines. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:39 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149876543/Quiz-Thought-and-Culture-in-the-Early-19th-Centurydocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: An Era of Totalitarianism Those experiences that had the greatest influence in forming Hitler's view of the world included a. the poverty that he suffered in his youth as a result of the greed of Jewish landlords. b. his rejection of all art and music as romantic fantasies that wasted one's energies. c. his frustration at never having gotten into action in World War I. d. his exposure to the anti-Semitic atmosphere that prevailed in early twentieth-century Vienna. Kristallnacht demonstrated a. that there were limits to how far the Nazis would go in their persecution of the Jews. b. the ongoing commitment of the Nazis to the elimination of Jews from German society. c. the solidarity of German Christians and Jews. d. that there were still rational people in Germany who opposed the Nazis. Despite its initial weakness and its many enemies, the Weimar Republic achieved a major success by a. restoring stability and value to the German monetary system after a period of runaway inflation. b. convincing the German public that the republic was not to blame for Germany's defeat in the war. c. reassuring industrialists, landowners, and other elites that it could defend Germany against communism. d. establishing a strong two-party system, with the moderate Social Democrats in a clear majority in the Reichstag. Fascist ideology included a. an emphasis on rational thought and a rejection of myth, fantasy, and idealism. b. a glorification of action, noble causes, heroic deeds, and especially the use of violence. c. placing the interests of the individual above those of the nation or humanity at large. d. the importance of the leader who would be elected by the people in mass elections. The effects of Stalin's collectivization of Soviet agriculture included all of the following EXCEPT a. the elimination of kulaks, the most prosperous of the Russian peasants. b. a great increase in agricultural production and in the general prosperity of the peasantry. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/154008789/Quiz-Era-of-Totalitarianism-docx/c. the destruction of great quantities of food by peasants protesting the new policy. d. the confiscation of food to be used on the foreign market as exchange for industrial equipment. In 1921, the Communist government in Russia a. allowed for the resumption of small-scale capitalism. b. allowed finance and transportation to return to private enterprise. c. took control of agriculture, but left industry in private hands. d. was unresponsive to opposition to its economic policies. Stalin's totalitarianism a. supported established religion as a means of enhancing power. b. met no resistance. c. attacked the literary style known as socialist realism. d. employed propaganda and the educational system to cultivate loyalty. In Hitler's view, all of Germany's problems could be traced back to a. the incompetence of German generals during World War I. b. a Jewish-Bolshevik world conspiracy. c. the peace settlement after the Franco-Prussian War. d. Bismarck's lack of interest in German expansion. The totalitarian dictatorships of the twentieth century a. engaged in vast projects of social engineering with the intent of transforming the world. b. embraced the natural rights of the individual as a means of challenging liberal democracy. c. did not prioritize gaining the approval of the masses. d. were satisfied with the outward conformity of their subjects. The policy known as War Communism in Russia a. achieved considerable success in dealing with inflation and hunger in Russian cities. b. greatly limited private ownership in favor of state control of the means of production. c. was universally embraced by the Russian people as a necessary consequence of state This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/154008789/Quiz-Era-of-Totalitarianism-docx/socialism. d. was initiated to shore up Russian defenses against German aggression during the early phases of World War II. Organized Christian churches in Germany a. failed to take a stand against the Nazis because they feared increased censorship and repression. b. organized mass resistance against the anti-Semitic policies of the Nazis. c. supported Hitler because of his deep commitment to Christianity. d. were celebrated by the Nazis, who excluded churches from government scrutiny. In France during the 1930s a. the rift between the liberals and conservatives of the Third Republic was healed. b. a number of Fascist groups gained strength. c. the Popular Front systematically eradicated workers' rights. d. the Great Depression had little impact on trade and unemployment. Joseph Goebbels was in charge of a. covert efforts to undermine the Soviet Union. b. shaping Nazi propaganda. c. developing anti-Jewish laws. d. internal espionage. Of the following, totalitarianism most resembles a. a religion. b. a monarchy. c. a corporation. d. anarchy. Fascism was most successful in countries where a. old elites opposed it because they feared its revolutionary nature. b. there were few students or intellectuals to offer informed and educated opposition to it. c. there were no socialist or labor movements and it could attract the support of workers. d. democracy or parliamentary government had been established relatively recently. Stalin's economic policies included a. total emphasis on agriculture. b. the introduction of a series of Five-Year Plans. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/154008789/Quiz-Era-of-Totalitarianism-docx/c. strengthening the New Economic Policy introduced under Lenin. d. total emphasis on industry. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:40 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/154008789/Quiz-Era-of-Totalitarianism-docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Europe Today: The Fate of Christendom During his international travels, Pope John Paul II made a point to condemn: western democracies for permitting sexual freedom to run amok. traditional Muslims who wanted Sharia law to govern their societies. violence in all its forms, especially religious and ethnic violence. Jews for conspiring to control the financial institutions of the world. Pope John Paul II criticized: capitalism, but praised communism as a fair and just system. communism, but praised capitalism and economic freedom. neither communism nor capitalism as inherently evil. communism as oppressive and capitalism as materialistic and unjust. At the conclusion of your text, the authors suggest that the existentialist view that choices must be made will advance a world civilization. spiritual revival will be one of the new contributions to world-mindedness. the ideals developed by Western civilization offer the best hope for humankind. the highpoint of Western Civilization has passed. According to the Operation World website, which of the following is one of the European countries with the highest percentage of Christians? United Kingdom Czech Republic Romania Netherlands This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156577433/Quiz-Europe-today-docx/On the website of the European Union, what term is used to refer to the individuals who were instrumental in establishing and sustaining the EU? Enlightened monarchs Founding fathers Leaders of yesterday Visionaries for unity Many of Yugoslavia's problems stem from the fact that: Muslims are relatively new to the region. It was not directly involved in the negotiated peace after World War II. it was an artificial state. Orthodox Christians are relatively new to the region. The term Euroskeptics refer to those who: are willing to allow the U.S. to take leadership in world affairs. oppose European integration for nationalistic reasons. believe that Russia will one day dominate the entire region. deny the existence of basic human rights and constitutional government. Globalization refers to the phenomenon of: Russian and Chinese expansion into parts of Asia and the Middle East. waning European influence in Latin America and Africa. reassertion of old religious and tribal feelings in Europe and Russia. disappearing cultural, economic, linguistic, and even physical boundaries. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156577433/Quiz-Europe-today-docx/According to the video lecture on the church in Europe today, what positive condition exists in the religious realm in Europe for the first time in modern history? Religious freedom in most of Europe Cooperation among Muslims, Christians, Jews, and atheists Freedom from political conflict and war Tax breaks for churches According to the textbook, September 11, 2001 may have introduced a new era of warfare because free and open societies are vulnerable to attack from stateless organizations. civilians were a target for the first time. international organizations are in agreement on how to stop attacks. religious differences may play a role. Postwar Muslim immigration to Europe came about largely as a result of: the appeal of glasnost and perestroika, as well as other democratic measures. massive deportation of radical Muslims by Middle Eastern states. demand for cheap labor in Western Europe's booming economy. re-creation of serfdom in rural France, Spain, and Germany. According to the Operation World website, what percentage of the population of 94% 35% 9% 71% This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156577433/Quiz-Europe-today-docx/Afghanistan’s problems are complicated by its world leadership in the production of guns. opium oil. bomb materials. According to the website of the European Union, what was the aim in the original founding of the EU? Ending war between neighbors Ensuring prosperity for all Europeans Providing a platform of unity for the spread of socialism Creating a viable rival to compete with the United States Pope John Paul II grew up in: Italy under Mussolini's dictatorship. Poland under Nazi occupation. Russia under Stalinist totalitarianism. the United States in a Ukrainian–Catholic family. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156577433/Quiz-Europe-today-docx/Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about the history of the EU from the 1970s through the 1990s? Economic policies enacted in the 1960s meant that EU countries would no longer charge one another customs duties. In the 1970s, for the first time all citizens were able to directly elect members to the EU representative body. The Single European Act was signed in the 1980s creating the “Single Market.” Admittance to the EU was dramatically restricted in the 1990s in order to protect member states from countries with weak economies. How many countries joined the EU in the first decade of the 21st century? 0 12 22 2 In religious affairs, Pope John Paul II was praised for: reaching out to non–Catholics and improving Jewish–Christian relations. asserting the truth of Catholicism against Protestant heresy. brokering a deal with Mussolini to preserve Catholicism in the 1930s. insisting that Muslims be appointed to positions in the Catholic hierarchy. Since the end of World War II, anti-Semitic incidents initially decreased, but have recently increased. have disappeared. are only found in former Communist countries. remained a traditional element of mainstream politics. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156577433/Quiz-Europe-today-docx/When Yeltsin's government referred to shock therapy, it meant bombarding left opposition who took over the "White House" government building. a sudden switch from a state-run economy to a free-market economy. making Russia acknowledge the cruelty that existed under the communist system. the psychological effect of losing the Soviet empire. Surveying the former Eastern Bloc countries, all the following conclusions can be drawn except East and West Germany were reunited, however, eastern Germany continues to suffer from economic problems such as high unemployment. the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary are rapidly and successfully integrating into the Western European economy and political culture. Yugoslavia disintegrated into its constituent republics and the worst violence in Europe since the Second World War. non-European immigrants in Western European states have been successfully assimilated or brought into the mainstream. All of these are problems facing the European Union except concern by some that they are losing their national identities general apathy toward the EU by Europeans. defining Europeanization as separate from American Imperialism. shrinking number of member states. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156577433/Quiz-Europe-today-docx/The sectarian conflicts in Iraq have centered on the division between Christians and Kurds Kurds and Muslims Sunnis and Shi’ites Muslims and Jews In the video lecture on the church in Europe today, which of the following was NOT listed as one of the factors contributing to the secularization of Europe in the twentieth century? World Wars Radicalism Communism Ecumenicalism In the video lecture on the church in Europe today, what term is used to describe the religious condition of Europe today? Post-Christian Post-Modern Anti-Christian Denominational This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:38:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/156577433/Quiz-Europe-today-docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Europe After World War II In postwar Britain, economic security through social programs and extensive government control over significant portions of the economy was provided by a. the Liberal party. b. the Social Democratic party. c. the Labour party. d. the Conservative party. In the postwar years, Italy had to deal with the problem of a. a restored and unpopular monarchy. b. division among its many political parties and political corruption. c. one-party rule, which prevented political participation by the majority of citizens. d. a lagging economy, which was slow to recover from the war's devastation. The regime of Nikita Khrushchev was characterized by a. his emphasis, for the purpose of legitimizing his own power, on the close similarities between himself and Stalin. b. a new willingness to let Eastern European countries choose their own political direction. c. modest expectations for Soviet progress. d. a new openness about the horrors of Stalinism. Which of the following was the only country to defy Stalin successfully in the postwar years? a. Romania b. Yugoslavia c. Czechoslovakia d. Hungary As part of the strategy of the Cold War, the a. Soviet Union pulled back within its borders. b. Soviet Union and the United States abandoned Southeast Asia to Chinese influence and concentrated on affairs in Europe. c. United States handed over such territories as Berlin to avoid having to go to war. d. United States initiated the Marshall Plan. The liberation of Eastern Europe from Soviet domination a. concluded with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. b. was a short but bloody conflict. c. was surprisingly peaceful. d. stretched across the decade of the 1990s. Soviet policy in Eastern Europe at the end of war was based on the understanding that a. many Eastern European peoples were traditionally oriented toward Western Europe. b. Communists would win free election in Eastern Europe after World War II. c. the economic efficiency of the Soviet Union demonstrated during the war would attract more states to Communism. d. military force would not be needed to secure the support of Eastern Europe. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:54 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155248317/Quiz-June-docx/Decolonization in India a. produced little immediate sectarian violence. b. resulted in a partition into two states, Hindu Pakistan and Muslim India. c. prompted a failed attempt on the part of Bangladesh to seek liberation from Pakistan. d. caused great loss of life and displacement. The overall trend of political life in the West since World War II has been toward a. dictatorship. b. constitutional democracy. c. restored monarchy. d. oligarchy. The United States committed military power to the Vietnam War in order to a. prevent the Vietnamese people from falling under the domination of the Chinese communists. b. keep South Vietnam pro-U.S. and prevent the rest of Southeast Asia from becoming Communist. c. support the South Vietnamese government in its invasion of the North. d. protect the long-established democratic government of South Vietnam from a North Vietnamese invasion. The members of the European Coal and Steel Community sought to establish a free-trade zone and improved living conditions in 1957 by creating the a. European Union (EU). b. European Community (EC). c. Commonwealth of European States (CES). d. European Economic Community (EEC). Which of the following is NOT a policy initiated by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev a. "the democratization of society" b. an acceleration of the arms race c. glasnost d. perestroika Decolonization in Africa led to a. the transition to peace and political stability under indigenous dictatorships. b. democracy throughout the continent. c. economic stagnation and political oppression. d. an economic boom. The division of the German nation into two parts a. made little difference to East Germany because it ended up with most of the German territory and population. b. was economically beneficial to West Germany because that half was important in the defense of Western Europe. c. was opposed by the Soviet Union, which strongly supported Germany's reunification after the war. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:54 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155248317/Quiz-June-docx/d. was the result of a vote in which the majority of the German people chose to split along ideological lines. The Social Democrat chancellor of West Germany who took the initiative for an "opening toward the East," which relaxed tensions between the superpowers, was a. Willy Brandt. b. Angela Merkel. c. Konrad Adenauer. d. Helmut Kohl. The course of the Korean War in the early 1950s demonstrated a. North Korea's emergence as a prosperous and independent state. b. the disinterest of China in supporting Communist regimes beyond its borders. c. an understanding that a "hot" war between the two superpowers was unthinkable. d. America's postwar invincibility through a speedy victory against the Communists in Korea. One of the primary reasons for the liberation of former colonies after World War II was the a. pledge of former colonies to remain allies of the West and to reject all Communist influences. b. huge armies they had created during the war, which gave them military superiority over Western nations. c. the growing sense that European colonial empires were racist and oppressive. d. economic prosperity that the war brought to the colonies, allowing them to become self-sufficient. The Truman Doctrine was a. part of a new wave of isolationism in the United States. b. a contradiction of the policy of containment. c. the central element in the policy of containment. d. only applicable to Europe. In the 1950s and 1960s, French politics often revolved around a. Morocco. b. Haiti. c. Algeria. d. Indochina. In response to serious dissent, unrest, and uprisings in Eastern Europe in the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union a. always used direct military force with the Red Army, Warsaw Pact troops, or a combination of both. b. relied on the local Communist party to restore order in Czechoslovakia in 1968. c. allowed the liberalization of the government of Hungary after the revolt of 1956. d. refrained from direct military intervention in Poland in return for a Polish pledge of continued loyalty. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:54 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155248317/Quiz-June-docx/This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:36:54 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155248317/Quiz-June-docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Modern Consciousness In the late nineteenth century, European artists a. began to turn away from the standards that had guided Western artists since the Renaissance. b. returned to the idea of objective reality. c. pulled back from the impressionists' embrace of emotional experience. d. sought to produce photographic copies of objects. Unlike Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud a. sought to restore confidence in reason. b. respected Christianity. c. focused on group behavior, rather than on the individual. d. believed in the irrationality of human behavior. The Enlightenment tradition was undermined in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by all of the following EXCEPT a. the romantics' value of the collective soul of the nation. b. the conservatives' rejection of the revolutionary spirit of the French Revolution. c. the liberal expansion of parliamentary government and education. d. the vision of progress through conflict put forward by the Social Darwinists. The cubists explored a. the impression that light and color make on a single moment. b. new ways of depicting dramatic events. c. the relationship between the three-dimensional world and the flat world of the canvas. d. the fleeting impression reality makes on the observer. Freud differed from the philosophes because he a. believed that evil was the product of a faulty environment rather than human nature. b. held an essentially pessimistic view of human nature. c. embraced the Christian doctrine of original sin as justification for the presence of evil in the world. d. argued that education and better living conditions could successfully counter the This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:33:28 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153093523/Quiz-Quiz-Modern-Consciousnessdocx/deficiencies of human nature. According to the generally accepted concepts of modern physics a. energy and mass are entirely separate qualities in constant opposition to one another. b. time and space are independent and absolute entities. c. absolute truth and certainty about the universe are knowable, given enough time to observe and collect data. d. reality is determined by one's position in time and space. Igor Stravinsky was a Russian a. composer. b. novelist. c. poet. d. painter. Dostoevsky viewed human nature as a. neither good nor evil but is made good or evil through people's experiences in society. b. basically evil and requires an authoritarian society to maintain happiness through law and order. c. basically good, and thus, people can be trusted with freedoms and liberal institutions. d. composed of irrepressible and foolish will that demands the freedom to express itself. Abstract artists a. created works with no reference to the visible world. b. focused on the physical world and its geometry. c. tried to abstract the artist as viewer from the object observed d. tried to paint the abstract concepts inherent in objects. Nietzsche's criticism of Christianity was aimed primarily at a. Christian morality, which he believed was repressive and fit only for the weak. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:33:28 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153093523/Quiz-Quiz-Modern-Consciousnessdocx/b. Christianity's rejection of science and the rational thought of the Enlightenment. c. the Christian belief in miracles and other doctrines that are not based on reason. d. the corruption and abuses that had occurred throughout the history of the church. Because he believed that human beings are motivated primarily by such instinctive drives as sex, Sigmund Freud a. recommended that people act according to their instincts and reject reason as a guide to life. b. observed that neuroses are caused by the conflict between what one wishes to do and what society allows one to do. c. advocated the strictest repression of sexuality as the only way to achieve a healthy society. d. said that reason and science are not valid ways of knowing the truth and should be rejected in favor of intuition. Durkheim argued that a. traditional beliefs, values, and institutions were crushing the freedom of the individual. b. religion still had too much influence on people and repressed their freedom and happiness. c. the freedom of the individual in modern society is overwhelming and leads to alienation and unhappiness. d. science and industry were destroying society and should be rejected. Max Weber believed Western secular rationality posed problems because a. the capitalist system would collapse without the support of Protestantism. b. faith, intuition, and emotion are the most reliable guides to ultimate reality. c. it inhibited creativity since it imbued with all aspects of life with absolute certainty. d. it produces institutions that encourage uniformity and depersonalization. One of the characteristics of modernism is that it This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:33:28 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153093523/Quiz-Quiz-Modern-Consciousnessdocx/a. subordinated form and objective reality to feelings, imagination, and the creative process. b. was in agreement with science that there is an objective reality, which should be portrayed as it is. c. was more interested in nature than in people's inner psychological conflicts and complexities. d. rejected free expression and preferred rigidly ordered rules of composition. Nietzsche's superman or overman would a. use reason to prove the death of God. b. embrace Shopenhauer's call for a retreat from society to escape life's agonies. c. refute the power of unconscious strivings as dominating human behavior. d. cast off all established values and create his own values instead. Quantum mechanics teaches that a. only at the subatomic level is there any certainty. b. it is possible to determine an electron's speed and position at the same time. c. in the subatomic realm, we cannot predict with certainty what will happen. d. the quantification of data yields certain truth. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:33:28 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153093523/Quiz-Quiz-Modern-Consciousnessdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: The Surge of Nationalism By the beginning of the twentieth century, the staunchest advocates of nationalism were a. liberals. b. conservatives. c. romantics. d. communists. Otto von Bismarck came to power as a result of a a. conflict between the monarchy and the military establishment. b. coup d'état. c. conflict between the crown and the lower chamber of the Prussian parliament. d. national election in which he represented the conservative party. Young Italy was founded by a. Giuseppe Garibaldi. b. Count Camillo Benso di Cavour. c. Giuseppe Mazzini. d. Victor Emmanuel The Prussian liberals abandoned the cause of liberal revolution in 1866 as the result of all of the following EXCEPT a. a fascination with territorial expansion. b. the promise of responsible parliamentary government. c. an adoration for Prussian militarism. d. the prospect of increased power. In the early nineteenth century, Prussian bureaucrats introduced reforms in order to a. promote liberty. b. augment the power of the Prussian middle class. c. start Germany on the path to unification. d. strengthen the state. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:13:09 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151305568/Quiz-Surge-of-Nationalismdocx/The Zollverein provided the ________ foundation for German unification. a. economic. b. constitutional. c. religious. d. social. Volkish thinkers thought of race as a. only moral attributes. b. only physical attributes. c. a combination of physical features and moral and intellectual qualities. d. only intellectual tendencies. At the conclusion of the revolutions of 1848–1849, the Habsburg monarchy a. accepted the Magyar bid for independence. b. resolved to loosen its autocracy in hopes of maintaining peace. c. decentralized its bureaucracy and strengthened the power of local officials. d. used an expanded secret police to stifle liberal and nationalist expressions. In the nineteenth century, most European Jews were a. professionals, merchants, and bankers. b. wealthy. c. middle class. d. poor In 1815, Italy a. was characterized by its rejection of the values of the Old Regime. b. had deep economic and cultural divisions. c. had shed its attachment to the local region in favor of a desire for national unity. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:13:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151305568/Quiz-Surge-of-Nationalismdocx/d. embraced the revolutionary spirit generated by the French Revolution. The Junkers were a. the Prussian equivalent of the Carbonari. b. Prussian aristocrats who supported the Prussian throne. c. Prussian liberals who wanted to scrap monarchical government. d. Prussian serfs who demanded emancipation. As a result of the creation of the Dual Monarchy in the Hapsburg Empire in 1867 a. all ethnic and nationality groups in the Austrian Empire were more free and independent than before. b. Hungary was granted complete independence in the conduct of its foreign policy. c. Austria remained a monarchy while Hungary became a constitutional republic. d. most ethnic minorities felt that the domination of the Germans and Magyars blocked their own national aspirations. Prussia's victory over Austria a. separated German conservatism This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:13:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151305568/Quiz-Surge-of-Nationalismdocx/from German nationalism. b. was the final stage in German unification. c. separated German nationalism from German liberalism. d. was an opportunity for liberalism to reassert itself. The Franco-Prussian War resulted from a. Prussian insistence on placing a member of its ruling family on the throne of Spain. b. a readiness in France and in Prussia to fight over the future of the South German states. c. Austria's tampering with the Ems telegram, hoping to play off its two major enemies against one another. d. Napoleon III's resumption of Napoleon I's attempt to conquer all of Europe. Giuseppe Garibaldi supported all of the following EXCEPT a. female emancipation. b. racial equality. c. the abolition of capital punishment. d. the need for a separate southern Italian state. The ________ led revolutionary insurrections in Italy in the 1820s and 1830s. a. Carbonari b. Zionists c. Fourth Lateran Council d. the Pan-German League This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:13:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151305568/Quiz-Surge-of-Nationalismdocx/Volkish thinkers believed that the pure German spirit had been corrupted by a. medieval traditions. b. rural living. c. the Enlightenment. d. nationalism. Zionism was founded by a. Edouard Drumont. b. Richard Wagner. c. Houston Stewart Chamberlain. d. Theodor Herzl. The policies of Cavour succeeded in unifying Italy partly because he a. kept Italians from becoming involved in foreign affairs until they had resolved their domestic problems. b. established the leadership of his own state in the north and benefited from Garibaldi's conquests in the south. c. rejected foreign assistance in achieving unification, in order to appeal to Italian pride. d. aroused the masses in a revolutionary movement to overthrow existing governments everywhere in Italy. Those most committed to the unification of Italy included the a. pope, who wished to remove French influence from the Papal States of central Italy. b. Bourbon ruler of the Two Sicilies, who hoped to subjugate the Papal States. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:13:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151305568/Quiz-Surge-of-Nationalismdocx/c. Austrian Empire, which saw a united Italy as a potential ally against Prussia and France. d. Italian middle classes, which saw unity as good for trade and commerce. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:13:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151305568/Quiz-Surge-of-Nationalismdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: The Industrial Revolution Developments from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century in Western Europe that contributed to the origins of the industrial age include a. the peace and cooperation of the Western European states. b. the aggressive search for new markets for handicraft products. c. the concentration of wealth in fewer and fewer hands. d. the renewed focus on the Mediterranean lands as the market for trade. Among the most important social transformations associated with the early stages of industrialization was a. the collapse of the power and wealth of the old landowning class in European society. b. the importance of the individual before the law, in trade, and in politics. c. a shift of the majority of the population, especially in Eastern Europe, from the country to the city. d. the replacement of local and regional identity with national identity. Artisans were distinct from factory workers in that a. factory workers were organized into guilds. b. artisans moved from town to town in search of work. c. their skills were difficult to acquire and often involved some education. d. factory workers led the fight to limit the negative impact of the Industrial Revolution on them. In the early eighteenth century, France a. had a government that was unresponsive to the need for transportation and communication networks. b. possessed a trading empire equal to that of England. c. had few obstacles to the free flow of goods. d. was much less wealthy than Britain. The English Factory Acts of the early nineteenth century a. forbade boys and girls from working together in factories. b. established public schools for poor children. c. established the right of factory owners to set hours, work conditions, and pay as they pleased. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149871272/Quiz-The-Industrial-Revolution-docx/d. gave factory workers limited protection against exploitation and dangerous conditions. Capitalist agriculture, born in England and the Netherlands, refers to production for the a. family. b. state. c. market. d. village. The construction of roads, canals, and railways in the nineteenth century a. was slow in France because private investors lacked the necessary finance capital. b. involved large sums of money from British and French financiers, who invested in foreign countries. c. was of little importance in Britain because of the small size of the country and its many wide and deep rivers. d. took place in the United States through free enterprise without the aid of the national government. The laboring class of industrialized society in the early nineteenth century was a. less diverse than the middle class. b. composed of rural laborers, miners, and city workers. c. made up entirely of rural laborers and miners. d. almost indistinguishable from the middle class because of the improved standard of living among the laboring class. Most early factory workers a. married late, if they married at all. b. were active in local politics. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149871272/Quiz-The-Industrial-Revolution-docx/c. had ample time to socialize. d. did not attend church The creator of the steam engine was a. James Watt. b. Edmund Cartwright. c. Samuel Crompton. d. James Hargreaves. All of the following contributed to Britain's competitive advantage in the first stage of industrialization EXCEPT a. private investors willing and able to support industrial development. b. the largest population in Europe. c. a tradition of metallurgy and mining. d. a labor supply that was not tied to the land. The new industrial cities of the nineteenth century were a. bastions of civic pride. b. constructed according to rational and organized plans. c. the subjects of intense governmental regulation. d. unplanned and unregulated. Compared to England, other European nations in the 1830s a. cared little for the plight of the urban workers and rejected as immoral the notion of state help. b. put the workers' welfare above all other considerations, including their economic competitiveness. c. were willing to accept somewhat more state responsibility for the education of the working class. d. did not have the political means to enforce government regulations that would protect the workers from abuse. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149871272/Quiz-The-Industrial-Revolution-docx/Early factory work was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. dangerous conditions. b. shorter hours than farming. c. highly regulated labor. The Industrial Revolution a. brought a contraction in opportunities for upward social mobility. b. quickly swept away traditional social and institutional structures. c. immediately became a great force for democracy throughout Europe. d. hastened the secularization of European life. During the first half of the nineteenth century, urban servants a. were prohibited by law from attaining any form of education. b. were at the mercy of their employers. c. were usually young men. d. had much in common with factory workers and artisans in lifestyle. The eighteenth-century boom in population a. brought misery and famine in its wake. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149871272/Quiz-The-Industrial-Revolution-docx/b. led to the majority of the population moving to cities. c. was matched by a rise in agricultural productivity. d. was followed by rapid decline in the nineteenth century. The first stages of industrial development in England primarily involved a. making simple changes in manufacturing methods, especially in the cotton industry. b. the development of heavy industry, especially iron and steel. c. the application of science to innovative technology in the production of goods. d. applying steam power to the mass production and transportation of goods. The Industrial Revolution affected the social structure by increasing the size and importance of the middle classes, a. which were characterized by the values of work and ambition but acted sometimes out of materialism and callousness. b. the wealthiest of whom sought to distinguish themselves clearly from the old aristocracy. c. which, despite its wealth, were never able to gain access to political power in the nations of Western Europe. d. which were composed exclusively of bankers, and factory and mine owners. In the major industrial cities a. the poorest inhabitants lived on the outskirts of the city. b. the wealthiest inhabitants lived near the edges of the city. c. workers lived many miles from the factories. d. proximity to the center equated to wealth. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:06:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/149871272/Quiz-The-Industrial-Revolution-docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Thought and Culture in the Mid 19th Century Pierre Joseph Proudhon saw pre-industrial society as a. the only period worse than the industrial era in which he lived. b. a time when workers were free from the exploitation of capitalists. c. a necessary predecessor to the advanced industrial society of which he dreamed. d. a superior age in which government took its rightful role as provider for the people. The principle of electromagnetic induction was discovered by a. Heinrich Hertz. b. Dmitri Mendeleev. c. John Dalton. d. Michael Faraday. According to Marx, class conflict is really conflict over a. values and ideology. b. ethnic identity. c. ownership of the means of production. d. political principles. John Stuart Mill argued in favor of a. the active participation of all citizens in political life. b. absolute equality in the voting system. c. a suspension of state-sponsored labor regulations. d. prohibitions against state intervention in matters of education and health. Auguste Comte is seen as the principal founder of a. political science. b. economics. c. psychology. d. sociology Thomas Hill Green differed from earlier liberals in that he a. believed in the primacy of a free-market economy. b. advocated social reform initiated by the state. c. believed that class conflict was the essence of historical change. d. believed that protection of private property should be the main concern of government. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:11:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151300465/Quiz-Thought-and-Culturedocx/The positivists believed that a. general rules for human society can be derived from the examination of empirical data. b. human behavior is so diverse that it can be understood only through the application of pure reason. c. because society operates according to scientific laws, it can be understood, but not changed. d. religion should be abolished because it plays no part in satisfying basic human needs. Critics of Marx note that economic explanations of history fall flat in trying to account for the emergence of a. modern nationalism. b. contemporary terrorism. c. modern imperialism. d. all of the above Ludwig Feuerbach argued in The Essence of Christianity that a. the "Absolute Spirit" was the source of ultimate truth. b. a religious world-view was the cornerstone of philosophy. c. the starting point of philosophy ought to be human beings and the material world. d. in religion, human beings find their true nature. The work of Elizabeth Gaskell in exposing the plight of the industrial workers is associated with a. realism. b. anarchism. c. naturalism. d. positivism. In the opinion of John Stuart Mill, free speech a. was desirable within limits. b. should be limited to those who could be trusted to speak the truth. c. was a luxury that could not be afforded in the modern world. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:11:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151300465/Quiz-Thought-and-Culturedocx/d. was necessary for the well-being of both the individual and society. The nineteenth-century feminist movement has its roots in a. liberalism. b. communism. c. conservatism. d. romanticism. Herbert Spencer and other critics of the new liberalism argued that a. state intervention of any kind should be rejected. b. capitalism must be replaced with socialism. c. the state was the source of all good. d. individual liberty was unimportant compared with the general welfare of society. Darwinism contributed to the growth of secularism by a. exposing the character of Christian leaders as deeply flawed. b. advocating an end to organized religion. c. calling into question the reliability of the Bible as an authority in scientific questions. d. attacking the validity of Christianity's moral teachings. In The Subjection of Women (1869), John Stuart Mill argued that a. the demand for women's rights would dangerously undermine the ideals of marriage. b. the progress of humanity could be assured only through the continued subjugation of women to the duties of household and family. c. woman's nature justified the social and political inferiority of women. d. male dominance of women constituted a blatant abuse of power. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:11:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151300465/Quiz-Thought-and-Culturedocx/In the late nineteenth century, Darwin's ideas were applied to society in order to a. attack the arguments of racists by showing that in nature all species are equal. b. stress that cooperation among living organisms is often crucial to their survival. c. buttress economic individualism and justify the superiority of successful business leaders. d. criticize war as an "unnatural" struggle for survival among nations. In the nineteenth century, the Catholic church a. issued a public condemnation of many of its own doctrines in "The Syllabus of Errors." b. wholeheartedly supported the work of scholars who subjected biblical texts to critical analysis. c. failed to address the problems faced by the working class in the new industrial age. d. felt threatened by the forces of modernity. Naturalist writer Émile Zola believed that a novelist should approach the task of writing like a. a politician campaigning for office. b. a theologian in search of the divine. c. an industrial worker performing a job in a factory. d. a scientist conducting an experiment. According to Marx, capitalism would eventually cease to exist only after a. society became polarized into a small group of wealthy capitalists and a vast and desperate proletariat. b. capitalists increasingly shared their wealth with workers until everything was owned in common. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:11:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151300465/Quiz-Thought-and-Culturedocx/c. workers obtained political power through democratic processes and abolished the capitalist system. d. the proletariat became richer, while the bourgeoisie became poorer, with the result that workers would then control the system. Marxism and liberalism shared the belief that a. individuals should be freed from the prejudices and ignorance of the past. b. education and self-discipline were the means through which human society progressed. c. violence and struggle were the means by which human society progressed. d. human nature was essentially bad and unable to free itself from irrationality. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:11:05 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/151300465/Quiz-Thought-and-Culturedocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Imperialism: Western Global Dominance ________ attracted fewer Europeans than other Latin American states and was thus able to preserve traditional indigenous society more successfully. a. Chile b. Brazil c. Mexico d. Argentina Mustafa Kemal Atatürk a. established a modern secular state in Turkey. b. cooperated with the British in establishing the modern state of Turkey. c. was motivated by socialist rather nationalist principles. d. established an Islamic state in Turkey. The zaibatsu a. were family monopolies that controlled Japanese industry. b. attacked foreigners in Japan. c. was a ritual form of humiliation performed by Japanese samurai. d. were poor Japanese who organized to protest Western influence in Japan. Those who supported empire in the later nineteenth century included all of the following EXCEPT a. Social Darwinists. b. author Rudyard Kipling. c. the European public, fascinated by reports of exotic places. d. socialists. In their assessments of the new imperialism, historians now claim that a. most areas of the world claimed by Europeans and Americans were profitable sources of raw materials. b. economic justifications of imperialism cannot be separated from nationalistic ones. c. territories were acquired because they were wealthy enough to serve as markets for This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:32:32 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152759923/Quiz-Western-Globaldocx/European goods. d. colonial profits greatly benefited the average Western taxpayer. While the nineteenth century saw considerable emigration from European countries, the ________ hardly migrated. a. Italians b. French c. Germans d. British The event that most exposed China's weakness and encouraged European nations to abandon their traditional contentment with Chinese trading rights was a. the Taiping Rebellion. b. the Treaty of Nanking. c. China's loss in the Sino-Japanese War. d. the rebellion of the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (the Boxers). In the nineteenth century, the major effect of European economic relations on the other peoples of the world was to a. increase the standard of living of most peoples of the world. b. increase the instability and vulnerability of people's economic lives. c. lower the standard of living of most peoples of the world. d. share the world's wealth more equally among all its inhabitants. Britain's efforts to limit German power in the Middle East included a. annexation of most of the region. b. suppression of independence movements throughout the region. c. sponsorship of independence movements throughout the region. d. alliance with the Turks. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:32:32 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152759923/Quiz-Western-Globaldocx/The Indian National Congress was a. truly national, drawing on all religious and ethnic groups in India. b. a peasant movement that prohibited upper-class membership. c. formed by Mohandas K. Gandhi to encourage peaceful resistance against British rule. d. not truly a congress because it lacked representative power. China was saved from being carved up like Africa by the industrialized nations because a. the United States had no interest in trading there and warned others to stay out, too. b. foreign nations were suspicious that if they partitioned China, other countries might get the best parts. c. China was so poor that most foreign nations had little interest in trying to exploit it economically. d. the ruling Manchu dynasty was politically and militarily strong enough to resist outside encroachments. The motives for the new imperialism of the late nineteenth century included the a. desire of millions of Europeans to migrate to Asian and African colonies. b. goal of civilizing the rest of the world by taking up the "White Man's Burden." c. desire to divide up the rest of the world equally among the major powers of Europe. d. wish to share the surplus wealth of Europe with the less fortunate peoples of the world. Resistance to European domination most often resulted in a. tighter Western control. b. renegotiation of the relationship between colony and colonizer. c. the ending of Western control. d. civil war and European retreat. Many socialists argued that capitalist nations could only maintain their economic and political systems by a. ensuring high wages and profits for colonial peoples. b. exploiting the less-developed world. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:32:32 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152759923/Quiz-Western-Globaldocx/c. supporting working-class revolutions. d. reducing wages and profits for their own people. The wealthy classes in Latin America a. came to see democracy as the only way to reduce foreign influence in their countries. b. rejected all things European as a corruption of their culture. c. needed European money, but despised European values. d. depended on Europe for trade and culture. Direct rule by Britain over most of India a. excluded the native population from any participation in the affairs of government. b. was welcomed by the Hindus but opposed by the Muslims, who were already exploiting the Hindus. c. was justified by the desire to enforce law and order after the Sepoy Mutiny. d. began with the early phases of European expansion in the seventeenth century. Britain's primary interest in Egypt was to a. maintain stability and order there so that the Suez Canal would not be threatened. b. exploit the rich natural resources of the country, particularly gold and diamonds. c. oppose French influence there and take over the financial burdens of the Egyptian government. d. strengthen Ottoman rule over the area as a barrier to Russian penetration of the Near East. Twentieth-century decolonization a. resulted in the rejection of socialism, because it was the product of Western intellectuals. b. was often accompanied by anti-Western sentiment in former colonies. c. ended European economic domination in former colonies. d. ended European cultural domination in former colonies. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:32:32 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152759923/Quiz-Western-Globaldocx/The Berlin Conference resulted in all of the following agreements EXCEPT a. a commitment to end the slave trade in Africa. b. the establishment of the Congo Basin as a free trade zone. c. a prohibition against further European expansion in Africa. d. the appointment of Leopold of Belgium as ruler of the Congo Free State. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:32:32 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/152759923/Quiz-Western-Globaldocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: What Happened to Western Civilization? Hitler was successful in achieving the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 because the Russians wanted Polish territory and time to strengthen their armed forces. he promised to buy off Russia by giving it all of Poland so that he would be free to attack other Western nations. The totalitarian powers planned to cooperate in a war against liberal democratic states. Russia had already refused to ally with the Western capitalist countries. When Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland in 1936 the League of Nations was established as an anti-German alliance of European states. Britain reasoned that this move did not warrant military action a coalition of French and British forces successfully turned back this act of aggression. a popular outcry across Europe called for a declaration of war on Germany. Which of the following was NOT invaded by Hitler's forces? France Ireland Belgium Poland This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:37:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155752785/Quiz-What-Happened-to-Western-Civilizationdocx/Hitler's primary motive for invading the Soviet Union was to eliminate any possible resistance to German expansion in the Balkans and the Near East. exterminate the Slavic population which he believed to be a threat to German mastery of Europe. destroy Bolshevism and acquire Lebensraum for German colonization. knock Russia out of the war so that all his forces could be focused against the French and the British. What was the spark that caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany? annexation of the Rhineland occupation of the Czechoslovakia invasion of Poland German U-boat attacks on commercial shipping vessels Which of the following best explains why France fell to Germany, but Britain's defense was successful? England refused to come to the aid of France, whereas France sent forces to help defend England. The British understood the use of modern military technology, especially air power, better than the French did. The number of French airplanes and tanks was insufficient to resist German forces. Hitler was far more determined to take France than England and he committed few resources to the attack on England. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:37:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155752785/Quiz-What-Happened-to-Western-Civilizationdocx/Blitzkrieg is most closely associated with The Final Solution Nazi propaganda anti-Semitism rapid military strikes. The ideological underpinning for the Holocaust was based on Social Darwinism Freudian psychology Existentialism Marxist socialism The surrender of Germany was brought about by the assassination of Hitler by Nazi officials, who could no longer tolerate his irrational decisions. a series of major military defeats, beginning in Russia and North Africa. the defeat of its Italian allies and the death of Mussolini. the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan, which served as a warning of destruction if Germany fought on. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:37:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155752785/Quiz-What-Happened-to-Western-Civilizationdocx/In the video lecture on World War II, which of the following was given as the ultimate outcome of the war? The Soviet-German alliance created by totalitarianism was further strengthened. The alliance between the United States and the western European allies was severely strained. Western Europe lost its prominent position in the world as power now lay with the United States and the Soviet Union. The cost of the war crippled the United States and Russia, a condition which gave rise to the Cold War. Besides the Jews, other groups were victims of the Holocaust. Which of the following was NOT one of those groups? The disabled Asian immigrants Homosexuals Communists In the video called “Holocaust on Trial,” who or what is on trial? The historical truth of the Holocaust Crimes against humanity by Nazi officers The extent of treason committed by German elites Whether or not the German church could have stopped the Holocaust This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:37:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155752785/Quiz-What-Happened-to-Western-Civilizationdocx/The ideas of freedom and self-determination which were espoused by the Allies in World War II sparked a groundswell of Industrialization. decolonization. religious awakening. apathy. The primary reason for the liberation of former colonies after World War II was the: pledge of former colonies to remain allies of the West and to reject all communist influences. economic prosperity that the war brought to the colonies, allowing them to become self– sufficient. huge armies they had created during the war, which gave them military superiority over Western nations. economic and military exhaustion of Western nations, which weakened their desire and ability to hold the colonies. The first steps toward European unity came in the form of democratic republicanism. defensive cooperation. economic cooperation. increased isolationism. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:37:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155752785/Quiz-What-Happened-to-Western-Civilizationdocx/The election of Pope John Paul II stimulated a surge of nationalism in Hungary. Poland. Czechoslovakia. Romania. The division of the German nation into two parts: was opposed by the Soviet Union, which strongly supported Germany's reunification after the war. was economically beneficial to West Germany because that half was important in the defense of Western Europe. made little difference to East Germany because it ended up with most of the German territory and population. was the result of a vote in which the majority of the German people chose to split along ideological lines. U.S. policy of preventing the spread of Soviet power and influence in Asia, Africa, Middle East, and Latin America was known as Détente Glasnost The Wilson Doctrine Containment This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:37:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155752785/Quiz-What-Happened-to-Western-Civilizationdocx/What countries were responsible for the airlift that brought supplies into Berlin during the blockade of 1948-49? France and Britain The United States and Britain Germany and France The Soviet Union and East Germany Détente refers to the relaxation of tension between the Soviets and the United States in the 1970s. True False The Warsaw Pact was the agreement in which Roosevelt and Churchill effectively handed Poland over to Stalin. a military alliance of the Soviet Union and its East European satellites. the agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets dividing up Poland. the Eastern Bloc's equivalent of the European Economic Community. The lecture presentation called Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989 presented the end of the Cold War by looking at the contribution of three key figures. Which of the following was NOT one of those figures? Mikhail Gorbachev Ronald Reagan Pope John Paul II Leonid Breshnev This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:37:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155752785/Quiz-What-Happened-to-Western-Civilizationdocx/What sign did Reagan say would make Soviet intentions unmistakable? Attend the peace talks Lift the blockade of Berlin Tear down the wall Lay down your arms When Pope John Paul II visited Poland in 1979, how long was his visit? 9 months 9 days 17 weeks 36 hours This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:37:35 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/155752785/Quiz-What-Happened-to-Western-Civilizationdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: World War I Germany's agreement to an armistice in 1918 was a result of a. pressure to end the war by pacifist liberal and socialist elements in the German Republic. b. Russia's re-entry into the war on the eastern front. c. its generals' desire to consolidate the gains they had won, before U.S. troops could win them back. d. the realization by the kaiser and the general staff that the situation was hopeless and could only get worse. The Ottoman Turks and Italy a. experienced only military defeat during the course of the war. b. joined the Allies. c. joined the Central Powers. d. entered the conflict after August 1914. In contrast to the Bolsheviks, the Mensheviks a. saw revolution as more important than democracy. b. were willing to commit crimes if that would advance the revolutionary cause. c. wanted a constitutional monarchy with the Tsar as a figurehead. d. placed limits on what was acceptable in the name of revolution. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife was the work of a. Bosnian terrorists. b. German socialists. c. Russian Bolsheviks. d. French anarchists. The primary effects of the war on the European mentality included a. a sense that Western civilization had lost its vitality and was fragile and perishable. b. reaffirming the moral superiority of Western values and institutions. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:04 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153805139/Quiz-World-Wardocx/c. a universal rejection of violence as a way to resolve conflict. d. encouraging intellectuals that the optimistic assumptions of the Enlightenment were correct. One of the most dangerous outcomes of the Bosnian crisis was that a. Austria felt it had Germany's permission to attack Serbia. b. England and France suffered a diplomatic defeat as Russia advanced toward the Mediterranean. c. Austria lost the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, encouraging the further dismemberment of the empire. d. Germany began to back away from its support of Austria because Austria threatened the peace of Europe. What troubled Britain most about Germany in the late nineteenth century was Germany's a. intention to challenge Britain for the rule of India. b. aggressive behavior in the Sudan. c. decision to build a great navy. d. seizure of Morocco from France. The Bolsheviks came to power a. by toppling the Provisional Government in the face of little resistance. b. as part of a coalition with the liberals. c. after a long and bloody battle with forces loyal to the Provisional Government. d. by winning a majority in a national election. The Treaty of Versailles dictated that a. the Rhineland would be broken up into one or more republics under French control. b. France would not regain Alsace-Lorraine, but would be compensated. c. Germany would have to pay a fixed amount of money over a set period of years as reparations for the cost of the war. d. the German army would be limited to 100,000 men. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:04 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153805139/Quiz-World-Wardocx/Expectations on all sides for a short war were dashed by the advent of a. trench warfare. b. the bayonet. c. the tank. d. the airplane. On the eastern front a. Austria quickly overwhelmed both Serbia and Russia. b. German breakthroughs in 1915 did not push Russia out of the war. c. German breakthroughs in 1915 pushed Russia out of the war. d. Russia successfully invaded East Prussia Wilson's negotiating position at Versailles a. was founded on his insistence that only a just settlement would encourage the successful creation of a new Europe. b. was bolstered by the Republican Party's victory in the congressional elections of 1918. c. was weakened by his failure to attend the conference in person. d. was strengthened by the war's creation of Europe completely free of minority problems. Bismarck hoped to prevent war between Russia and Austria-Hungary a. because such a conflict would lead to a dramatic expansion of Austria-Hungary. b. because he feared it could lead to German involvement. c. to keep Russia from acquiring territories in Eastern Europe. d. so he forged an alliance with Russia as a counter to the newly-formed Triple Alliance. Lenin's approach to Marxist theory was a. extremely orthodox. b. to adopt its appearance, but reject its core values. c. to adapt it to Russian conditions. d. orthodox, without being fanatical. The aims of the major powers at Versailles included This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:04 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153805139/Quiz-World-Wardocx/a. France's demand for security and revenge. b. Britain's desire that France should take over Alsace-Lorraine. c. France's wish to maintain sufficient strength in Germany to serve as a buffer to Russian advances in Europe. d. Russia's wish to occupy parts of eastern Germany. The declarations of war in 1914 were met by a. fears that the war would drag on for years and result in the death of millions of people. b. the insistence of most socialists that class came before country and that they would not fight their fellow workers. c. feelings of exhilaration, joy, and a sense of community and purpose in the service of some great mission. d. a major liberal protest that war was a violation of peoples' right to life. The Triple Entente included a. Russia, Britain, and France. b. Germany, Britain, and Austria-Hungary. c. Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. d. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Austria-Hungary's anxiety over Serbia was the result of a. Austria-Hungary's general anxiety about the nationalist feelings of its Slavic minorities. b. the size and strength of the Serbian army. c. the strategic significance of Serbia's territory. d. the key place of Serbia in Austria-Hungary's economy. The Schlieffen plan called for a. a swift German strike against France through Belgium. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:04 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153805139/Quiz-World-Wardocx/b. France and Russia to coordinate their efforts to ensure that Germany would be forced into a two-front war. c. a swift German strike against Russia through the Ukraine. d. Germany to coordinate simultaneous attacks on both France and Russia. An America already sympathetic to Britain and France was pushed into war with Germany by a. the promise of Britain to cede Canada to the United States after the war. b. German atrocities in Belgium. c. the German decision to employ unrestricted submarine warfare. d. French reminders of the role of France in the American Revolution. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:35:04 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153805139/Quiz-World-Wardocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Expansion of Industry, Empire, Ideas, and the Universe By 1914, the balance of power had shifted toward the superior industrial might of France, Britain, and the United States. Britain and Germany. Russia, Britain, and the United States. Germany, Britain, and the United States. The British women’s movement enjoyed remarkable unity. True False Which of the following best describes the rule of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (1808-1873) in France? Overtly authoritarian with little room for nonsense like elections and representative institutions. Almost exactly like the régime established by the first Napoleon Bonaparte. A combination of democratic appearance with economic expansion and suppression of opposition. A model of liberal republicanism giving France its longest era of stability since the Revolution. In Germany, the two primary targets for Bismarck’s attacks were Catholics and socialists. democrats and republicans. conservatives and monarchists. Jews and Marxists. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:34:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153103146/QuizExpansion-of-Industry-Empire-Ideas-and-the-Universedocx/The Russian doctrine of official nationality dictated that only Russians of certain ethnic backgrounds were officially Russian citizens. whatever the ethnic background of a Russian citizen, he or she was still officially Russian. Russia’s greatness could be enhanced through increased contact with the West. the rule of the Tsar, the Orthodox Church, and Slavic culture made Russia superior to the West. Which of the following was NOT given as something that became more widely available to a broader segment of the population during the nineteenth century? Consumer goods Transportation Education Paper money Which of the following is a geographical term rather than a political one? United Kingdom Great Britain England Northern Ireland This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:34:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153103146/QuizExpansion-of-Industry-Empire-Ideas-and-the-Universedocx/Direct rule by England over most of India: excluded the native population from any participation in the affairs of government. was justified by the desire to enforce law and order after the Sepoy Mutiny. began with the early phases of European expansion in the seventeenth century. was welcomed by the Hindus but opposed by the Muslims, who were already exploiting the Hindus. The motives for the new imperialism of the late nineteenth century included the: desire to divide up the rest of the world equally among the major powers of Europe. goal of civilizing the rest of the world by taking up the "white man's burden." wish to share the surplus wealth of Europe with the less fortunate peoples of the world. desire of millions of Europeans to migrate to Asian and African colonies. Which of the following did not join the scramble for Africa? France Germany Britain Russia The Berlin Conference resulted in all of the following agreements except: the appointment of Leopold of Belgium as ruler of the Congo Free State. the establishment of the Congo basin as a free trade zone. an end to further European expansion in Africa and Asia. a commitment to end the slave trade in Africa. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:34:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153103146/QuizExpansion-of-Industry-Empire-Ideas-and-the-Universedocx/Which of the following best describes the impact of imperialism in China. China was partitioned by Western nations much like Africa was. After initial reluctance, the Chinese welcomed foreign trade as a means to modernize and advance its own industry. Market capitalism proved to be the greatest threat to China’s independence. Chinese victory in the Opium War ended the British threat to China’s independence. Most areas of Asia, including the Middle East, were controlled by Europeans through: direct annexation and incorporation into the political systems of the nations back in Europe. the establishment of protectorates and spheres of influence. the creation of independent republics that cooperated with the dominant European nations in order to enjoy the benefits of Westernization. puppet governments, which were established after the Europeans had destroyed previous governments. Which of the following best describes the relationship between nineteenthcentury missions and the rise of imperialism? There is no real connection between the two movements. There were close ties between imperialism and missions. Mission-sending nations were rarely involved in imperial pursuits. Colonial rulers generally welcomed missionaries but resisted imperialists. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:34:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153103146/QuizExpansion-of-Industry-Empire-Ideas-and-the-Universedocx/The policy of a nation or state that tries to extend its power or authority over other peoples or territories is called Authoritarian Colonialism National self-determination Decolonization Which of the following is NOT true of missions under the imperialist view? Nationals were seen as inferior, not capable of being pastors English was the preferred language. Nationals were financially dependent on missionaries The local church, staffed and organized by nationals, was the ultimate goal. Which of the following was NOT part of the most important missions strategy developed during the “Great Century” of missions? Local congregations should make their own decisions Local congregations should support themselves financially Local churches should send out their own missionaries Local churches were required to start schools for teaching English. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:34:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153103146/QuizExpansion-of-Industry-Empire-Ideas-and-the-Universedocx/According to the passage in Robert’s Brief History of Missions, what did the earliest Protestant missionaries see as their primary task? Translating the Bible into common spoken languages Correcting the doctrinal errors of the Roman Catholic Church Preaching the gospel to as many people as possible as quickly as possible Training new missionaries Which of the following was NOT given as one of the reasons Christianity was so widely accepted in lands targeted by European missionaries? Missionaries and Christian leaders acted as a kind of bridge to the outside world of trade, foreign militaries, and colonial administration. Christianity was a strategic response to modernization on the part of intellectuals. Women were drawn to Christianity as a way to assert their dignity in the face of demeaning customs such as forced marriage, domestic slavery, and humiliating widowhood rituals. Christianity was seen as a way to preserve the national heritage of threatened groups. Nietzsche’s “overman” would lead the masses to a new utopia. still be restrained by ideas of good and evil. follow man’s fundamental drive for power. promote socialism as a means to a better life. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:34:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153103146/QuizExpansion-of-Industry-Empire-Ideas-and-the-Universedocx/Freud sought to apply _____________ to the study of the irrational unconscious mind. the scientific method the methods of religion the irrational itself Sorel’s methods According to Albert Einstein Complete comprehension of reality is unattainable Everything except time is relative. Everything except motion is relative. Time is dependent on the speed of the observer. According to the generally accepted concepts of modern physics Time and space are independent of absolute entities. Energy and mass are entirely separate qualities in constant opposition to one another Absolute truth and certainty about the universe are knowable, given enough time to observe and collect data. How a scientist or anyone else perceives something depends on his or her frame of reference. Which of the following is NOT true of propaganda? It is designed to promote a particular point of view. It is usually biased or misleading. It requires some sort of media for communication. It is always politically oriented. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:34:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153103146/QuizExpansion-of-Industry-Empire-Ideas-and-the-Universedocx/In the lecture presentation on the Modern Consciousness, which of the following was given as an example of the ways in which leisure and mass culture have shaped modern society? National sports teams competing in international competitions such as the Olympics fed mass nationalism. The advent of youth organizations like the Boy Scouts eroded the dependence of children on their parents and the church. Opportunities for women to participate in public life increased dramatically with the onset of World War I. Schools began to promote cultural activities such as opera, art, and ballet. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:34:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153103146/QuizExpansion-of-Industry-Empire-Ideas-and-the-Universedocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: Reason and Revolution HIEU202 In the course lecture presentation, which of the following was NOT used to describe the character of the Enlightenment? It was Group of answer choices International Informal Practical Utopian The primary source reading from Chapter 18 called The Treatise of the Three Imposters was Group of answer choices An attack on religion A call for democracy A demand for freedom of the press A condemnation of absolutism According to Rousseau, the cause of corruption in human communities was Group of answer choices the inherent sinfulness of mankind. The institutions of society and government. God. excessive liberty. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:05:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148672875/Reason-and-docx/Which of the following is NOT true of the Enlightenment? Writers used an informal style to appeal to the general public. Thinkers focused on practical applications rather than grand philosophical systems. Its proponents sought to apply the methods of the Scientific Revolution to society and government. Although philosophes were inspired by conditions in England, the impact of the movement was hardly felt beyond France. The attack of the philosophes on traditional Christianity was based on Group of answer choices their denial of the existence of God. their disapproval of the moral teachings of Jesus Christ. their wish to free mankind from superstition and irrational thought. their desire to strengthen the authority of the state by separating it from the moral restraints of the church. Which of the following is true of the Encyclopédie Group of answer choices It supported a traditional view of social hierarchy Its printers were motivated primarily by Enlightenment ideals with little hope for profit It was controversial because it seemed to undermine the authority of the Church Its printing was banned by the king because it was considered treasonous The stated purpose of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was Group of answer choices to explain the grievances which led to the Revolution. to describe the rights of man. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:05:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148672875/Reason-and-docx/to offer justification for the overthrow of the monarchy. to promote Locke’s ideas about natural rights. Which of the following best represents the attitude of French nobles in the 1780s? Group of answer choices They completely rejected the liberal ideas of the philosophes. Most enthusiastically embraced the liberal ideas of the philosophes. Some wanted a constitutional government and an end to royal despotism. Most showed no concern for political matters. The bourgeoisie included Group of answer choices the peasantry. the urban laboring class. factory workers, day laborers, and craftsmen. merchants, bankers, and lawyers. The convening of the Estates started as a struggle between crown and aristocracy but turned into a conflict among the orders. What triggered the conflict? Group of answer choices the issue of representation in the Estates General. the imminent threat of war with England. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:05:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148672875/Reason-and-docx/controversy over titles of nobility. land ownership. Which of the following is NOT true of the Storming of the Bastille? Group of answer choices It occurred on July 14, 1789 The initial motive of the crowd who gathered at the Bastille was a search for weapons. This act indirectly saved the National Assembly and with it the bourgeois revolution. 227 Parisians died in the attack. The sans–culottes were: Group of answer choices tailors and cloth merchants. small shopkeepers, artisans, and wage earners. peasants. lawyers, doctors, and other professionals. During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety Group of answer choices Provided police protection to Prime Minister Robespierre. Regulated the production and sale of food and wine to ensure safety standards. Imposed the authority of the central government throughout France. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:05:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148672875/Reason-and-docx/Served as an advisory board to the National Assembly during the Terror. Napoleon achieved power through: Group of answer choices an accident of fate. overthrowing the Directory. a national election. slow advance through the ranks of the military. Napoleon’s support of public education was based on his desire to Group of answer choices encourage learning and the spread of Enlightenment ideas among the common people. ensure that French children would appreciate the richness of the French heritage. Train capable officials to administer his laws. prepare French children for participation in democratic government After losing his army in Russia, Napoleon then lost his empire. In the end, Group of answer choices He was arrested and executed. He died as an exile on the island of St. Helena. He died as a prisoner in Siberia. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:05:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148672875/Reason-and-docx/He died of natural causes in his bed in Paris. Napoleon earned the hatred of many subject peoples [conquered peoples] by: Group of answer choices eliminating feudal privileges. promoting freedom of religion. pursuing policies that they felt betrayed the ideals of the revolution. promoting secular education. After Napoleon abdicated in 1814, Group of answer choices he was exiled to the isle of Elba where he died 15 years later. He managed to escape and raise an army in an attempt to return to his former position of power He died within two weeks of suspected poisoning. Radical san culottes helped him escape and then marched with him to Paris to overthrow the King. Which of the following states remained outside of Napoleon’s control? Group of answer choices Kingdom of Italy, Russia, and Spain Spain, Kingdom of Italy, and Britain Saxony, Spain, and Belgium This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:05:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148672875/Reason-and-docx/Portugal, Sweden, and Britain This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:05:12 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148672875/Reason-and-docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Quiz: The Age of Enlightenment Voltaire's major contribution to the Enlightenment was a. the impact he had on enlightened despots, who successfully instituted radical reforms in their countries. b. his translation of Newton's Principia. c. his argument for extending political power to the mass of the common people. d. his popularization of the ideas of Locke and Newton and his plea for tolerance and reason. Although Hobbes and Locke both used the contract theory of government a. only Hobbes believed that people had natural rights of liberty and property. b. Locke believed that the individual was a product of his experience, whereas Hobbes thought the individual is born greedy and warlike. c. Locke insisted that the contract is not breakable; thus, there can be no political revolution. d. Hobbes wanted to place restrictions on the fearful power of government, whereas Locke trusted allpowerful governments to do good. In his The Social Contract, Rousseau advocated a. radical individualism, in which people are free from the power of the state. b. extending the right to vote to all people, including women. c. constantly and directly renewing the contract between government and people. d. including powerful protections for the rights of minorities. The writings of Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755) reflect his desire for the creation of a. a balanced system of government. b. a pure democracy. c. a revolution of the people. d. an absolute monarchy. According to Rousseau, the cause of corruption in human communities was a. the inherent sinfulness of people. b. God. c. excessive liberty. d. society. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:03:48 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148464054/The-Age-Of-docx/Denis Diderot's (1713–1784) Encyclopedia a. marked a new stage in the history of Enlightenment publishing. b. rejected the criticisms of the church advanced by the early philosophes. c. was an attempt to evade censorship by carefully disguising radical ideas. d. contained high ideals, but little practical information. By the eighteenth century, scientific academies and societies a. admitted both men and women as members. b. were confined to England and France. c. placed emphasis on the practical application of scientific principles. d. failed to flourish in provincial cities. Kant argued that women a. should play a key role in politics. b. should play a key role in science. c. would one day achieve equality with men. d. were not meant to reason. A central, unifying authority emerged in all of the following EXCEPT a. Poland. b. Austria. c. Russia. d. Prussia. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:03:48 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148464054/The-Age-Of-docx/All of the following influenced the Enlightenment EXCEPT a. the belief that human values derive from a higher reality. b. the Scientific Revolution. c. the belief that individuals could improve themselves through reason. d. the Renaissance Salons were a. originally found only in middle class homes. b. exclusively female institutions. c. exclusively male institutions. d. often organized by women. Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) a. was a self-taught intellectual who supported the French Revolution. b. was an ardent defender of the Catholic Church. c. stopped short of declaring women equal to men. d. was, like many philosophes, distrustful of radical change. The ideas of Locke and Montesquieu contributed directly and indirectly to arguments supporting a. freedom from slavery. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:03:48 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148464054/The-Age-Of-docx/b. slavery. c. racial equality. d. the abolition of private property. Reforms adopted by enlightened despots include all of the following EXCEPT a. ending book censorship. b. religious toleration. c. the abolition of serfdom. d. equality for women. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith (1732–1790) a. insisted that private and public interests would be reconciled by the unregulated operation of "the invisible hand." b. criticized mercantilist policy for not imposing tighter controls based on the natural laws of economics. c. attacked the capitalistic system and advocated socialist ideas similar to Beccaria's. d. advocated greater social and economic equality for all people. The Freemasons originated in a. France. b. Austria. c. Britain. d. the American colonies. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:03:48 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148464054/The-Age-Of-docx/This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:03:48 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148464054/The-Age-Of-docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Assignment: Quiz: The French Revolution The Directory contributed to the rise of Napoleon by a. pursuing policies that forced it to rely increasingly on the military. b. trying to end the war with Austria. c. pursuing radical policies opposed by most of the bourgeoisie. d. declaring war on Britain. Eighteenth-century French society was divided into three legally defined groupings a. the First Estate (the clergy), the Second Estate (the people), and the Third Estate (the nobility). b. the First Estate (the nobility), the Second Estate (the people), and the Third Estate (the clergy). c. the First Estate (the clergy), the Second Estate (the nobility), and the Third Estate (the people). d. the First Estate (the people), the Second Estate (the clergy), and the Third Estate (the nobility). Maximilien Robespierre (1758–1794) considered ________ to be a threat to the Republic of Virtue. a. counterrevolution b. education c. social equality d. laws France's war with Austria and Prussia that broke out in April 1792 a. exacerbated internal dissensions within France. b. initiated a more moderate phase of the Revolution than the period that preceded it. c. resulted in an immediate French victory. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:04:29 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148467564/The-Frenchdocx/d. dramatically improved the French economy. Members of the First and Second Estates a. included some liberals who favored reform and sided with the Third Estate. b. staunchly supported royal power before the Revolution. c. were, without exception, wealthy and powerful people. d. were united in their opposition to any reforms that would result in the loss of any privileges. The sans-culottes were a. lawyers, doctors, and other professionals. b. small shopkeepers, artisans, and wage earners. c. parish priests. d. rural peasants. Following the Thermidorean reaction, the French government became a a. limited constitutional monarchy under Louis XVII. b. dictatorship headed by a small cadre of sans-culottes leaders. c. democracy dominated by the peasant majority of the population. d. republic with political leadership in the hands of the property-owning bourgeois. Which of the following was NOT a policy Napoleon extended to other lands? a. abolishing the medieval guilds b. increasing restrictions on Jews and other religious minorities This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:04:29 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148467564/The-Frenchdocx/c. promoting secular education d. eliminating feudal privileges The Concordat of 1801 a. gave the papacy the right to nominate members of the clergy in France. b. recognized Catholicism as the state religion of France. c. recognized Catholicism as the religion of the majority of the population. d. gave back confiscated lands to the church. The "hundred days" refers to a. Napoleon's short-lived return to power after escaping from Elba. b. the horrible months Napoleon spent in the burnt ruins of Moscow. c. the reign of his brother Joseph after Napoleon was sent to Saint Helena. d. the dramatic reforms carried out by the allies immediately after defeating Napoleon. The Continental System a. established an international legal system in Europe. b. was Napoleon's grand military strategy. c. barred all countries under France's control from buying British goods. d. was meant to result in French becoming the universal language in Europe. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:04:29 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148467564/The-Frenchdocx/The legacies of the French Revolution include a. the growing secularization of European political life. b. the renunciation of the liberal ideals of the Enlightenment. c. the repudiation of the revolutionary mentality that sought to implement a new order. d. the weakening of the forces of nationalism. The Estates General was a. the annual gathering of French notables. b. a medieval representative assembly. c. the standing legislature of France. d. the highest court of appeals in France. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:04:29 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148467564/The-Frenchdocx/Among those in late eighteenth-century France who were described as bourgeois, one would find a. craftsman, peasants, and small businessmen. b. the urban poor, agricultural laborers, and the unemployed. c. lesser nobility, clergy, and high officials of the government. d. prosperous merchants, doctors, lawyers, and government officials. All of the following contributed to the financial weakness of the Old Regime in the later eighteenth century EXCEPT a. the impoverishment of France . b. royal extravagance in gifts, pensions, and court life. c. the debts incurred during the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. d. the inefficient and unjust tax system. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:04:29 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148467564/The-Frenchdocx/The constitution produced by the Jacobins in 1793 a. was immediately implemented in France and all French colonies. b. failed to address the concerns of sans-culottes concerning voting rights. c. called for the abolition of slavery. d. repudiated the principles contained in the Declaration of Rights of 1789. Napoleon's educational policy a. favored extensive church involvement. b. established a network of private schools for elites. c. reflects a lack of concern for female education. d. demonstrates his belief that education fostered disobedience and disloyalty. On June 17, 1789, the Third Estate declared itself a. the Directory. b. the National Convention. c. the National Assembly. d. the Legislative Assembly. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:04:29 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148467564/The-Frenchdocx/On October 5, 1789, the two groups that set out for Versailles to protest the price of bread were a. Parisian city officials and members of the lower clergy. b. the sans-culottes and the Jacobins. c. day laborers and a peasant delegation. d. Parisian housewives and members of the Paris Guards. The Russians defeated Napoleon by a. preventing him from getting to Moscow. b. crushing his army at Borodino. c. luring the Grand Army far from their supply lines. d. matching Napoleon's superior skill with Russian superiority in numbers. This study source was downloaded by 100000840858457 from CourseHero.com on 08-04-2022 15:04:29 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/148467564/The-Frenchdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) [Show More]

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