BioChemistry > STUDY GUIDE > Kaleys Comprehensive Study Guide final. (All)
Biochemistry: Mod 1 • DNA = phosphate + deoxyribose sugar + A/T/C/G o Contains two strands. The strands are antiparallel (opposite each other). o 5’ → 3’ 3’ ← 5’ • RNA = phosphate... + ribose sugar + A/U/C/G o Single strand, can fold back onto itself and form pairs between itself (stem‐loop). • Each nucleic acid is made up of polymers (many monomers) that are called nucleotides. o Nucleotides contain one or more phosphates, a five‐carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base. o Nucleotides are always made in the 5’ to 3’ direction. o 5 is always the beginning of the strand, 3 is the end where nucleotides are added. • DNA organization: DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones → nucleosome → chromatin fiber→ chromosomes • Steps to the central dogma: o Coding DNA → template DNA → mRNA → tRNA (amino acid) o DNA → transcribed to mRNA → translated to protein o Each step is complementary (opposite) to the previous step, but if you skip a step it will be identical to the previous step. o Example 1. Coding DNA strand 5’ AAA TTT GGG CCC 3’ 2. Template DNA strand 3’ TTT AAA CCC GGG 5’ 3. mRNA 5’ AAA UUU GGG CCC 3’ 4. tRNA Lys Phe Gly Pro • Pairing: o DNA: A → T o RNA: A → U • DNA replication: o Because DNA is a double helix, one strand can be separated and serve as a template for synthesis of a new strand. o Semi‐conservative: each copy of DNA contains a template strand and a new strand. o Steps of replication: ......................................................................continued................................................................................... [Show More]
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