East Carolina University. BIOL 1150 Principles of Biology: A Human Approach. Final Exam Study Guide and Notes/ Final Exam Prep. Includes Exam 1-5.

Document Content and Description Below

Exam 1 Characteristics living things 1. Composed of cells 2. Contain the molecules of life 3. Reproduction 4. Use energy and raw materials to carry out metabolism 5. Respond to their environment... 6. Maintain homeostasis 7. Evolution Domains/class – organization -​ ​Kingdom -​ ​Phylum -​ ​Class -​ ​Order -​ ​Family -​ ​Genus -​ ​Species Eukaryotic / prokaryotic / protists/bacteria Eukaryotic- protist, fungi, plants and animals (cells that contain a membrane bound nucleus and internal compartments) Prokaryotic- bacteria, and archaea (unicellular) Communities / ecosystems Communities – all the populations in a specific area at a given time Ecosystem – more than one community of living organisms interacting with the environment Scientific method – independent variable, dependent variable, hypothesis, placebo, control group Independent variable- what researchers manipulate Dependent variable- potentially a response to the independent variable Hypothesis- a scientific prediction based off of given information Placebo – a blank given to a group of people to observe the psychological effects of the given Control Group- the group that is maintained under a standard set of conditions with no change in the independent variable Energy levels, producers/consumers Trophic level = feeding level Producers = photosynthesizes, forms lowest trophic level Consumers = uses energy stored by producers, form higher trophic levels-​ ​Primary consumers- eat plants (insects) -​ ​Secondary consumers- feed on herbivores (frogs) -​ ​Tertiary consumers- feed on other carnivores (fox) Population size, growth, capacity Population size- population grows when births an immigration exceed deaths and emigration Growth- -​ ​Exponential – growth under ideal conditions, larger population = faster growth “J” shape -​ ​Logistic growth- growth with limits, environmental factors cause population to level off “s” shaped with a carrying capacity, wavers above and below based off of birth and death rates Exam 2 Discuss structural hierarchy – atoms àorganism Molecules – cells- tissue- organ- organ system – individual – population- communityecosystem- biosphere List all components of cytoplasm / organelles MITOCHONDRIA IS THE POWERHOUSE OF DA MOTHER FREAKIN CELL Golgi apparatus- packing and shipping Lysosomes- destroy shit/ trashcan Ribosomes- proteins gotta get big #gainszn Smooth ER- nakey er no ribosomes Rough ER- stud muffin has ribosomes Nucleus- nerd of the class but kinda bossy acts like it owns the place and directs people around. Like to make copies of itself. Also has some DNA by Kendrick Lemar Cytoskeleton- da bones of the cell Explain cellular respiration / aerobic vs. anaerobic Aerobic- takes place in presents of oxygen, produces lots of energy 36 ATPs, carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste Anaerobic- doesn’t take place in presence of oxygen, produces small amounts of energy, alcohol or lactic acid is a bi-product Glycolysis, krebs, oxid phosphorylation GlycolysisKrebsOxide phosphorylationCell structure / plasma membrane Structure- all cells are bound by a plasma membrane that separates the internal “living” environment from the external environment Plasma Membrane- lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of cytoplasm of the cell that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of cell, hydrophilic heads are on the outside while hydrophobic tails are in the inside Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport Simple DiffusionFacilitated diffusionActive TransportMacromolecules / structure and assembly Proteins- amino acids Lipids- fats Carbohydrates- give energy [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 13 pages