Food and Nutrition > EXAM REVIEW > HSS2342 Nutritional Determinants of Health Final Exam Review 100% correct (All)
HSS2342 Nutritional Determinants of Health Final Exam Review Health and Disease The Immune System First line of defense normally deters foreign substances o Skin, mucous membranes, GI tract �... �� Phagocytes o Scavengers of the immune system o First to arrive on scene if an invader such as a microorganism gains entry o Engulfs it phagocytosis o Also secrete special proteins called cytokines that activate metabolic and immune responses to infection o Neutrophils and macrophages Lymphocytes o B cells Rapidly divide and produce antibodies Travel through bloodstream to site of infection Stick to surface of antigens Make it easy for phagocytes to ingest Antibodies are among the protein class of immunoglobulins (literally large globular proteins that produce immunity) Antibodies react selectively B-cells retain a memory of how to make antibodies Consequently, immune system can respond with greater speed the next time it encounters the same foreign organism o T Cells Travel directly to invasion site Recognize antigens on surface of phagocyte cells T-cells multiply in response Release chemicals to destroy antigen As t cells win the battle, they release signals to slow down immune response Highly specific; each T cell can only attack one type of antigen After winning the battle, some T cells become memory cells to combat the pathogen if they come into contact again Actively defend body against viruses, parasites, fungi, and a few types of bacteria; they can also destroy cancer cells In organ transplant, T cells participate in the rejection of newly transplanted tissues, which is why physicians prescribe immunosuppressant drugs after surgery Nutrition and Immunity o Immune system responds to subtle changes in nutrition status This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 06-25-2021 00:42:01 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/30366210/HSS2342-Nutritional-Determinants-of-Health-Final-Exam-Review3docx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com Malnutrition compromises immunity, which puts the person at risk for infectious disease Synergistic downward spiral that must be broken for recovery to occur Protein energy undernutrition is a result of impaired immunity o Vitamin and mineral deficiencies and excesses Diminish the immune response o Quite simply, optimal immunity depends on optimal nutrition Inflammation and Chronic Diseases o Immune system response to infection or injury Acute inflammation Phagocytes engulf microbes Release of oxidative products to kill microbes Inflammation fights off infection and promotes recovery Chronic inflammation is harmful Cells of chronically inflamed tissues produce cytokines, oxidative products, blood clotting factors, and other bioactive chemicals that sustain the inflammatory response Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Leading cause of death in the US o Relationship with diet Chronic diseases o Interrelationship among chronic diseases o Numerous disease associations with various nutrients o Multiple risk factors for each chronic disease Modifiable risk factors Nonmodifiable risk factors Cardiovascular disease o Major cause of death around the world Family history Lifestyle factors Coronary heart disease (CHD) is most common form Usually caused by atherosclerosis o Atherosclerosis development Accumulation of fatty streaks along inner arterial walls Streaks enlarge and harden Encasement in fibrous connective tissue Plaques stiffen arteries and narrow passages Well-developed plaques by age 30 Dietary factors Inflammation: Damage to cells lining the blood vessels elicits inflammatory [Show More]
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