PUBH 102: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH Arnold School of Public Health

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Format of Exam: Multiple choice, Matching, 25 short answer, 2 Essays INTRO “STUFF”/WHAT IS PH?/History  Determinants of health; risk factors; risk conditions  Risk Factors  Set of... common causes of death, disability, illness and injury (behavioral – smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, etc.) more likely to be under the control of individuals at risk.  Risk Conditions  More distal risk factors: biological (age, sex, genetics); environmental (safe community/work site; adequate housing); enforcement of policies and regulations; less likely to be under the control of individuals.  Lifestyle  Pattern of behavior; more complex, lifetime habits and social circumstances  3 Levels of Prevention  Primary o Aims to prevent a disease or injury from occurring at all o Action taken to avert occurrence of disease.  Secondary o Aims to minimize the damage caused by the illness or injury- causing event when in occurs. o Action taken to identify diseases at their earliest stages and to apply appropriate treatments to limit their consequences and severity.  Tertiary o Seeks to minimize any ensuing disability by providing medical care and rehabilitation. o Specific interventions to assist diseased or disabled persons in limiting the effects of their diseases or disabilities; also may include activities to prevent recurrence of a disease.  Major historical eras/key persons Timeline  Ancient Greece (500-323 BC)  Personal hygiene  Physical fitness o Olympics  Naturalistic concept o Disease caused by imbalance between man & his environment - The public health messages haven’t changed all that much. - The Greeks understood the importance of washing hands, taking a bath, exercising and eating good food. - Naturalistic concept – ill health was caused by an imbalance between man and environment.  Hippocrates (b. 460 BC) o Father of Western medicine o Causal relationships - Disease and climate, water, lifestyle, and nutrition - Illness had a physical and rational explanation. o Coined the term epidemic - Epis (“on” or “akin to”) - Demos (“people”) - -Epidemiology (Spread and Determinacies of disease-what causes it) o Believed that illness had a physical and rational explanation. o Looked for and described causal relationship between disease and factors such as climate, soil, water, lifestyle and nutrition.  Roman Empire (23 BC – 476 AD)  Adopted Greek health values  Great engineers o Sewage systems o Aqueducts i. Pont du Gard in southern France The Romans constructed it between 500 and 523 B.C. as an aqueduct to carry fresh water to the city of Nimes. - Built aqueducts to bring water into the city. - Plumbing technology was very advanced. - Replaced leaky clay pipes with lead pipes (unfortunately, Romans suffered from lead poisoning).  Administration o Public baths o Water supply o Markets  Taxes to Support PH o Collected taxes to support public services such as: o Public baths. o Water and sewage systems. o Restaurant inspection.  Middle Ages (476-1450 AD)  Shift away from Greek & Roman values o Physical body less important than spiritual self [Show More]

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