NURS6521 / NURS 6521 Summary Notes Chapter 34 - 38 (Latest Update): Advanced Pharmacology - Walden

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NURS 6521 - Advanced Pharmacology Chapter 34,35,36,37 & 38 Review of Hemodynamics Definition – study of movement of blood throughout the circulatory system, along with the regulatory mechanisms ... and driving forces involved. Overview: Primary functions 1. Deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes and other essentials to cells 2. Removal of CO2 and metabolix wastes from cells 3. Also helps to fight infection Major divisions 1. Pulmonary circulation – to the lungs 2. Systemic circulation – to the rest of the body Heart rate is controlled by – Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) • Rate increase by SNS branch acting through Beta1-adrenergic receptors in the SA node • Rate is DECREASED by the PSNS branch acting through muscarinic receptors in the SA node. THESE IMPULSES REACH THE HEART THROUGH THE VAGUS NERVE Stroke Volume Determined by 1. Myocardial contractility – the force with which the ventricle contracts – determined by degree of cardiac dilation – which is determined by the amount of venous return. CONTRACTILITY CAN BE INCREASED BY SNS CHANGES 2. Cardiac afterload – defined as the load against which a muscle exerts its force (the load a muscle must overcome in order to contract). For the heart, afterload is arterial pressure that the LV must overcome. PVR increases afterload. 3. Cardiac preload - the amount of tension (stretch) applied to a muscle before contraction – in the heart this is determined by ventricular filling pressure. (reworded) the force of venous return determines afterload [Show More]

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