Psychology in Your Life TEST BANK (RATED A) 2021 COPY

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1. According to what is the best definition of psychology? a. the study of the brain and its inner function b. the analysis of the mind and its unconscious thoughts c. the study of mental activity ... and behavior based on brain processes d. the study of thoughts, social interactions, and emotions THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Because of this, Allanah will most likely study a. the structure and function of the brain. b. mental disorders and their treatment. c. feelings, memory, and other inner states. d. mental activity, behavior, and the brain. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: D 3. Barry states that psychology is the study of mental activity. Candace remarks that psychology is the science of behavior. Which is the correct evaluation of these two statements? a. Barry’s definition is correct; Candace’s definition is incorrect. b. Neither of the statements are correct. c. Taken together, the statements are correct. d. Barry’s definition is incorrect; Candace’s definition is correct. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 4. According to the textbook, “friendly skepticism” is an important element in a type of reasoning called a. functionalism. b. introspection. c. structuralism. d. critical thinking. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: D 5. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that a. systematically evaluates information. b. criticizes others’ opinions. c. is open-minded and creative. d. uses inferences but does not solve problems. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 6. “Friendly skepticism” methe correct answer is a. finding flaws in an argument or claim. b. being open to new ideas, while also being careful before accepting them. c. asking a scientist to make her findings public so that they can be better evaluated. d. accepting all claims, as long as they are based on the scientific method. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: B 7. According to what is an example of critical thinking? a. believing that sugar causes headaches because your head hurts after you eat a candy bar b. concluding that eating spinach leads to a longer life after seeing an ad for spinach on television c. using a personal example to explain the importance of time management d. concluding that exercise is beneficial after evaluating the evidence of a research study THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: D 8. Talisa has to write a paper about critical thinking. One of her goals is to explain how critical thinking differs from everyday thinking. If Talisa is correct in her analysis, According to what sentences will she write? “The difference between using critical thinking and everyday explanations about psychological phenomena is that a. critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.” b. everyday explanations rely on common sense, reason, and logic for making conclusions.” c. critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making conclusions.” d. everyday explanations rely on personal examples for making conclusions.” THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 9. First person confident that your new roommate is a critical thinker after noticing this bumper sticker on his car: a. “Show me the evidence!” b. “The only truth is no truth” c. “Trust your gut!” d. “What is the meaning of life?” THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 10. First person discussing your psychology class with your aunt Annalise. She asks you “Can psychology really help people study?” You correctly the correct answer iswer, a. “Not really; psychologists generally agree that the field of education is better suited to provide people with techniques for studying.” b. “Yes; psychological studies have shown that cramming before an exam can improve memory.” c. “Yes; psychology provides us with techniques for improving memory and understanding.” d. “It depends; psychology can enhance students’ learning, but most people will have difficulty using psychology to help them study.” THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 11. According to what statements best describes psychology? a. Much of psychology is just common sense. b. Much of psychology is about applying common sense to everyday life. c. Psychological principles are highly applicable to everyday life. d. Psychological principles are too scientific to apply to everyday life. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 12. Jeremy is studying for his final exam. Lauren has taken psychology and gives him a good tip about the best way to study. She correctly says, a. “Be sure to cram your studying during the night before the final exam.” b. “As you study, connect the information to something personal.” c. “Memorize bold terms by writing and rewriting the definitions.” d. “Study in the morning right before the exam deadline, because stress improves learning.” THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: B 13. Dualism is the classic idea according to psychology that a. the mind and the brain are separate entities. b. the mind and the brain are the same entity. c. the mind and the brain are opposing forces. d. there is no mind, just the brain. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 14. The philosopher who promoted dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem was a. William James. b. Charles Darwin. c. René Descartes. d. Sigmund Freud. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 15. The belief that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes a. dualism. b. structuralism. c. the nature/nurture debate. d. cognitive psychology. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 16. Freddy and MaryAnne are having a disagreement about the nature/nurture debate. Freddy correctly says, “Actually, the ‘nature’ portion of the debate refers to how a person thinks and acts and is a result of a. early education.” b. inborn influences.” c. prenatal experiences.” d. cultural norms.” THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: B 17. In the nature/nurture debate, the term nature refers to the question of how _______ factors affect the mind, brain, and behavior. a. biological b. environmental c. either biological or environmental d. conscious or unconscious THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 18. With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychologists now believe that __________ is/are important in understanding the mind, brain, and behavior. a. nature b. nurture c. both nature and nurture d. neither nature nor nurture THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 19. An early school of psychology used introspection to study the basic elements of mental experiences. This school of psychology was called a. functionalism. b. behaviorism. c. cognitivism. d. structuralism. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: D 20. Structuralism is a school of psychology introduced by a. Edward Titchener. b. William James. c. Charles Darwin. d. Sigmund Freud. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 21. The psychologist most closely associated with the school of functionalism is a. Sigmund Freud. b. Wilhelm Wundt. c. Edward Titchener. d. William James. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: D 22. Functionalism is the school of thought concerned with a. the structures of the mind. b. the adaptive purposes of the mind and behavior. c. how unconscious conflicts can lead to mental disorders. d. how the presence of others influences behavior. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: B 23. Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the school of thought called a. structuralism. b. Gestalt theory. c. functionalism. d. psychoanalytic theory. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 24. According to the concept of “survival of the fittest,” a. random mutations are always adaptive. b. only the biggest animals will survive. c. organisms that are most adaptive to their environment are most likely to survive. d. organisms that have mutated genes based on the environment are most likely to survive. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C 25. Psychoanalysis is a type of psychological treatment to resolve unconscious conflicts that cause mental disorders. This treatment was developed by a. Wilhelm Wundt. b. Sigmund Freud. c. William James. d. Edward Titchener. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: B 26. The person who established the first psychology laboratory, which marked the beginning of experimental psychology, was a. Wilhelm Wundt. b. Sigmund Freud. c. William James. d. Edward Titchener. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 27. The person who is most closely associated with the study of the unconscious is a. Sigmund Freud. b. William James. c. Wilhelm Wundt. d. B. F. Skinner. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 28. The unconscious mind influences human behavior, according to a. structuralism. b. psychoanalytic theory. c. functionalism. d. behaviorism. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: B 29. Structuralists used a procedure to investigate the conscious parts of the mind. In this procedure an observer described the simple elements of a mental experience in as much detail as possible. This procedure was called a. introspection. b. inner perception. c. psychoanalysis. d. individual analysis. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: A 30. According to structuralism, the goal of psychology is to a. uncover the unconscious determinants of behavior. b. focus on observable behavior itself. c. explore the structures of the mind. d. identify the purposes of our behavior and mental processes. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: C [Show More]

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