ATI Live Review / ATI Live Review complete solution guide.

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ATI Live Review Management of Care Adverse = worst possible side effect Asthma bronchodilator adverse effect increased myocardial oxygen use, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia Age in stem is important ... PAD dangle the legs because the blood isn’t reaching the distal parts, cool skin, weak pulses PVD elevate the legs because blood isn’t able to come back to the heart, edema, skin is pigmented Only send RBC tubing and remaining blood only if pt is having a reaction Trach pt You can suction for 10-15 seconds, always need a secure tie, trach at the bedside (one at the same size, one a size smaller) Priority Questions physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization • Airway (patent) Breathing (are they or not) Circulation (are they circulating or not) • Nursing Process: if you have assessment in your stem your answer is action, pt complaint in stem answer is assess • Safety and Risk reduction: old client always prioritize safety • Maslows • Never pick an answer that’s expected Survival Potential acute over chronic pts, stable (only pt you can delegate) vs unstable (who I’m seeing first) • Burns to the face and respiratory stridor is a red tag Delegation cant delegate someone whos new (pt, dx, or meds) • LPN can give piggy back iv meds, catheters, sterile dressing changes Immediate post op airway (gag relex) bleeding (hemorrhage) 5 days postop infection Preoperative priority consent, allergies, vs, teaching, labs, surgical site is marked Intraoperative priority time out, count Postoperative priority airway, bleeding Early vs. Late Symptoms hypovolemic shock (tachycardia) ICP (change in LOC) Methohexital sedative Succinylcholine paralytic to prevent harm to pt More Strategies Always stay with the client, if the pt dies stay with the family, use what you know, prevent harm from the client, safe and effective delegation, look for the most complete answer Chest tube at the bedside clamps, sterile dressings, sterile water RA autoimmune disorder TX with immunosuppressant methotrexate (low WBC low PLATELET) Crutch walking 6 inches in front and to the side, up the stairs good foot first the crutches, going down the stairs crutches first then bad foot, CANE/CRUTCH OPPOSITE AFFECTED LEG TPN hypertonic solution (highly sugary) glucose checks Q4hrs, with sliding scale insulin Management Styles PAGE 10 Communication PAGE 10-12 Conflict resolution PAGE 11 Collaborating is a win win, competing is win lose, cooperating is a lose win, smoothing is a lose lose(ignoring the problem), avoiding is a lose lose (not addressing the problem) Incident Report management investigates the incident, reports include description and actions taken, reports are confidential • No copy in health record, not in the nurses notes Delegation PAGE 13-14 Scope of Practice PAGE 13-14 Prioritization PAGE 14-15 Ethics & Consent PAGE 16 Negligence PAGE 17 negligence is done when harm has occurred IT PAGE 18 Ebola is reported to the Health Department (CDC FOR REPORTABLE DISEASES) Nurses role in Community Health PAGE 20 Disaster Planning PAGE 20-23 Cultural Considerations PAGE 24-27 • Jewish person cant eat shellfish, can eat a fish with scales and a fin, cant have meat and milk in the same meal • Mormon person don’t allow alcohol, coffee or tea Pharmacology PAGE 30 Assess Peak after you give medication Assess trough before next dose of medication Infiltration elevate and apply cold compress Catheter Emboli apply tourniquet Extravasation aspirate Hematoma light pressure Phlebitis apply warm compress Central Lines (directly into the heart) sterile technique, can cause PNX or air emboli, must flush admin med flush then give heparin (so line doesn’t clot) AntiHTN Medication CCB may increase heart failure ACE can cause angioedema Vasodilators rapidly drop BP Alpha Agonists contraindicated with anticoagulants Digoxin PAGE 37 • Good for Heart Failure Pts, monitor pulse, K (hypokalemia is the number one cause of dig toxicity) Nitroglycerin PAGE 36-37 • Reduce preload, decrease afterload • SE: hypotension, tachycardia, headache, tolerance • Handle with gloves, in a dark brown bottle • Avoid any of the “fils” Antidysrhythmic Medication Adenosine converts SVT to sinus rhythm, stops the heart • SE: flushing, bronchospasm Amiodarone assists with VFIB and unstable VTACH • SE: bradycardia, pulmonary comps • Monitor respirations, don’t give with heparin Atropine treats bradycardia • Assess heart rate, and urine output Advanced Life Support Medications LEAN OR LEAD • Lidocaine, epinephrine, atropine, dopamine • Lidocaine, epi, atropine, Narcan • Lidocaine slows down the heart rate Cholesterol Lowering Medications PAGE 38 Avoid grapefruit, assess HDL, LDL, LFT, rhabdomyolysis (CKMB and LACIC ACID) Respiratory Medications PAGE 39-40 Bronchodilator remove the mouthpiece cover, shake it, inhale exhale completely, place between teeth and sealed around inhaler, inhale and depress, hold breath for 5-10 seconds Beta Agonists (erol) contraindicated with tachy dysrhythmias Methlyxanthines causes rapid heart rate, therapeutic range is 10-20mcg, taken PO Anticholinergics contraindicated in peanut allergy pts, maximum effects take 2-3 weeks (maintance meds) Glucocorticoids abrupt cessation may cause addisons VS chronic use may cause cushing Leukotriene Modifiers not used for acute asthma, interacts with warfarin & theopyline Oral Hypoglycemia PAGE 41-42 Hold 48hrs before and after dye, pregnant women cant use Insulins PAGE 42 blood sugar goes up when theyre sick, only regular and NPH can be mixed, only regular can be given IV • Need to have food right away with rapid and short acting Thyroid Medications PAGE 42-43 Hypothyroid levothyroxine (take in the am, empty stomach, full glass of water) • Hypotension, paresthesia, constipation, decrease appetie Hyperthyroid methimazole (no breast feeding) Blood Admin PAGE 44-45 Packed RBC for anemia, monitor HEMO (F-12-16/ M-14-18) hematocrit multiply HEMO by 3 Platelets for thrombo, monitor platelets (150-450) Albumin given for burns, monitor albumin (3.5-5) FFP for bleeding related to warfarin, monitor PT (11-12.5secs) PTT 75, critical is 100 Growth Factors PAGE 45 Filgrastim stimulate WBC production • SE: leukocytosis • Monitor CBC Oprelvekin stimulate platelet production • SE: cardiac dysthymias • Give after chemo Iron Prep PAGE 45 Client Education Give deep IM, Z track, no massage, leave air bubble in, change needle after prep (will stain tissue) • Give through a straw with orange juice, its stains • Avoid teas • Changes stool color Anticoagulants & Antiplatelet & Thrombolytics PAGE 46-47 Anticoags heparin, warfarin, enoxaparin (check platelet) Antiplatelets interferes with platelets aggregation, aspirin, clopidogrel Thrombolytics dissolve clots, “PASE”, must be given within 4-6hrs of symptoms • Stroke pts Hemoglobin lets you know youre bleeding GI Medications PAGE 47-49 Take PPI on an empty stomach, risk for PNA, osteoporosis Take antacids 1hr after meals Antiemetics can cause EPS Antidiarrheals monitor fluid and electrolytes Diuretics page 49-50 Potassium Wasting- hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia • Risk for falls Antimicrobials PAGE 52 Need a culture and sensitivity Nephrotoxic meds vanco, gentamicin CONTINUES...................................................... 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