PHIL 347N Week 6 Discussion 2 Empirical Reasoning

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After reading and comprehending many sources, I have found that Quinn et al said that myopia was a common affliction and juvenile onset myopia is said to be believed that it is caused by a genetic and... environmental factor (Guggenheim, Hill, & Yam, 2003). These types of myopia typically result from animal experiments that are indicated in certain light cycles that also affect the process of myopia 3, myopia 4, and Quinn claims that it has extended to humans. They also reported that, there was a strong correlation between childhood myopia and nighttime lighting before the age of two which were five times more likely to come among children who slept with room lights than those who didn’t. However, they have been unable to find a correlation between the dark and lighting. However, in another study done by seven doctors, was a replication of the study introduced by Quinn and found out that they were false (Zadnik, et al., 2000). They actually found that juvenile onset myopia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors and not Ambien lighting. They used a total of 1220 children in between the age range of 2-24 with an average age of 10. Quinn on the other hand, used a child at the age of 8 which depicted to the other study that the age of 8 is way to young to form a conclusion. The second study also highlight that Quinn et al used a secondary source to gather their data whereas Zadnik et al did an independent research to ensure the validity and reliability of their research. I wanted to conclude this discussion by saying, causal reasoning involves determining which of several possible explanations is the best account for a given phenomenon or occurrence (Facione, 2016). While understanding the meaning this could conclude that the issue can involve causation of natural sciences or a second kind of causation which is social sciences. Casual reasoning is in fact the easiest to establish because the theory behind it shows that it is measurable. Zadnik, K., Jones, L. A., Irvin, B. C., Kleinstein, R. N., Manny, R. E., Shin, J. A., & Mutti, D. O. (2000, March 9). Myopia and ambient night-time lighting. CLEERE Study Group. Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error. Retrieved April 7, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10724157 What Are Clinical Trials and Studies? (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2020, from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-are-clinical-trials-and-studies Guggenheim, J. A., Hill, C., & Yam, T.-F. (2003, May). Myopia, genetics, and ambient lighting at night in a UK sample. Retrieved April 7, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1771677/ Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson This study source was downloaded by 100000861453484 from CourseHero.com on 04-25-2023 15:52:57 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/59097255/Week-6-Discussion-2-Empirical-Reasoning-PHIL-347Ndocx/ [Show More]

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