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Sociology final exam questions and answers already passed What is TRUE about deviance? ✔✔Each cultural group and social group defines deviance in different ways. Yosef's grandfather said, "You... can't go to the mall or take your wallet out around your friend Miguel. He's a deviant!" What did Yosef's grandpa MOST likely believe Miguel would do? ✔✔Steal money from someone. Bruno got mad at the boy who sits next to him on the bus, so he punched him in the face. How would the FBI MOST likely describe this deviant behavior? ✔✔crimes against the person Whenever someone sneezes and doesn't cover their mouth, Sabrina is disgusted. "People should know better," she says. What does Sabrina MOST likely think about people sneezing and not covering their mouths? ✔✔These people are being deviants for not doing what they should. Applying Travis Hirschi's control theory, which person is MOST likely to conform to the norms of society? ✔✔a student who has the financial means and support to attend college Which theory explores different ways that people might react to cultural goals and the institutionalized means or ways of reaching those goals? ✔✔strain theory Growing up, Sofia's dad told her she was a loser every day because she couldn't make her bed and clean her house like he thought she should. Sofia always believed that she was a loser because of this and just accepted that she would fail any task she was given. What concept does this BEST demonstrate? ✔✔stigma Your friend Rohan believes that deviant behavior has to exist for a society to properly function. With which person would he MOST likely agree? ✔✔Emile Durkheim How is Emile Durkheim's Theory of Deviance BEST demonstrated? ✔✔Two young women are attacked by terrorists, and the whole country unites against the evil people who hurt them. What is the term for the guidelines for acceptable behavior in society? ✔✔norms What is the term for very powerful negative labels that change a person's identity? ✔✔stigmas Thomas believes that one of society's goals is that everyone should become financially independent. To do so, people must go to college and get jobs that pay well. Because of this, Thomas plans to enroll in law school and become a rich lawyer someday. What do Thomas's actions BEST represent? ✔✔conformity Which theory includes four different ways to keep people conforming to society's norms? ✔✔control theory Olivia understands that one of society's goals is that everyone should have enough money to feed their family. Although society thinks people should go to school and get a good job to earn money, Olivia does not agree. She has decided to become a pickpocket and steal wallets and purses on the subway. This way she will have money to feed her family. What do Olivia's behaviors BEST demonstrate? ✔✔innovation What is TRUE about biology and deviance? ✔✔Most sociologists think a person's environment plays a big role in fostering deviance. Slavery still exists in some societies of the world today. ✔✔True In a class debate, you are supposed to represent the opinions of Karl Marx when arguing about social stratification. During the debate, what would you MOST likely state to represent his point of view? ✔✔People in society are either owners with more power or laborers with less power. Aarav was born in India. What does this MOST likely mean for his social stratification system? ✔✔He will have limits to the occupations he can choose. Olivia is living in a society with an open system of stratification. What does this MOST likely mean for Olivia? ✔✔She has the freedom to possibly change her social rank. Lily has been a teacher for 20 years. She has decided to leave her job as a teacher and start working for a textbook company. She will make about the same salary with the change, but she is looking forward to a less stressful career. What does Lily's transition BEST represent? ✔✔horizontal mobility Charlie was once a high-ranking government official making $95,000 per year, but he decided to quit his job and pursue his dream of becoming an artist. As his income became much lower, he wasn't able to make his house payments and eventually lost his home. He is now working parttime at a bookstore to make ends meet. What does Charlie's scenario BEST demonstrate? ✔✔downward mobility Conflict theorists argue that social stratification often leads to conflict and other negative consequences because some people have more than others. ✔✔True Thomas is always bragging that he has a doctorate in philosophy and is one of the top professors at a prestigious school. What would sociologists say that Thomas is MOST likely bragging about? ✔✔his status When it comes to social stratification, how does Hurricane Katrina differ from many other natural disasters such as tornados and tsunamis? ✔✔A disproportionate number of impoverished citizens faced hardships in Hurricane Katrina. Davis and Moore's theory focuses on the very real and powerful negative consequences of social stratification such as poverty, violence, and war. ✔✔False Kiara cannot freely choose who she wants to marry. Her parents have explained to her that they live in a society where a person can marry only people within their same group. In what type of system does Kiara MOST likely live? ✔✔caste Your classmate Dhruv agrees with the Davis-Moore thesis. Based on his agreement, what statement is Dhruv MOST likely to make? ✔✔There are good things that come from social stratification. Saanvi is part of a society that uses a caste system. How will this MOST likely affect her life? ✔✔She will be a part of the same caste her parents are a part of. Annette says she is going to be a lawyer, so she deserves to earn more money than her friend Jack who is going to be a janitor. How would Davis and Moore MOST likely react to Annette's statement? ✔✔This is good for society because people like Annette will work harder. Your friend Maria has always been extremely wealthy. Her family has passed down their riches from generation to generation. Their family name is on buildings all over Chicago. How would you BEST classify Maria's family's ranking in society? ✔✔upper-upper class Some groups like the Amish voluntarily segregate themselves from society. ✔✔True Decades ago in the United States, African Americans were forced to sit in the back of the bus when using public transportation. This was the law of the land. What does this BEST demonstrate? ✔✔de jure segregation Enzo is a Brazilian man who is moving to the United States. He tells you that he wants to assimilate as much as possible when he arrives. What is Enzo MOST likely to do to reach his goal? ✔✔dress like an American What do sociologists call a shared cultural heritage based on someone's language, religion, national origin, or shared ancestors? ✔✔ethnicity What is one positive result of Jane Elliott's classroom experiment? ✔✔Students were able to develop more sensitivity about discrimination. In South Africa, blacks had very little power during apartheid, while whites held most of the power. How would sociologists MOST likely categorize the blacks in this scenario? ✔✔The blacks are the minority group. Sometimes people in a minority group share an identity with others in the group. What would an example of this scenario MOST likely look like? ✔✔Several African American athletes choose to kneel during the National Anthem to make a unified stand. Bruno believes that all blondes are dumb. What does his belief BEST demonstrate? ✔✔He believes in stereotypes. Which type of group formation is more like a tossed salad bowl instead of a melting pot? ✔✔pluralism In an ideal situation, a society full of minority groups would be able to live together in harmony while keeping what makes them unique. What does this ideal situation BEST describe? ✔✔pluralism Membership in a minority group is always voluntary. ✔✔false Angela calls herself a Mexican American. What would sociologists MOST likely consider this label? ✔✔Angela's ethnicity Germany, which has no official language or religion, comes closest to a pluralist state. ✔✔False What do sociologists call a category of people who have less power or control over their lives than a dominant group and are separated by either physical or cultural characteristics? ✔✔a minority Which type of group formation is representative of the melting pot theory? ✔✔amalgamation Anita is looking for a new job. Her mom tells her that she should stick with jobs that are more suitable for women. Traditionally, what job has been more defined as a woman's job? ✔✔preschool teacher What has happened over the last 125 years concerning women and work? ✔✔Women have been working outside the home more often than in previous generations. When does gender socialization begin? ✔✔at or before birth What important work did Betty Friedan write? ✔✔The Feminine Mystique What would be considered an occurrence of gender that is MOST likely to seem out of the ordinary according to society's expectations of gender? ✔✔a female in a boxing match What is TRUE about feminism? ✔✔It started when women began organizing groups to fight for suffrage. Women are likely to receive positive reinforcement for looking and acting in gender-appropriate ways. ✔✔True Based on Margaret Mead's studies, what are sociologists MOST likely to conclude about gender? ✔✔Gender is arranged differently between the societies. Which career field is MOST likely to be dominated by men? ✔✔computer science What is the term for expectations about the proper attitudes, activities, and behaviors for men and women that are assigned by society? ✔✔gender roles Who was the first female presidential candidate of a mainstream party in United States history? ✔✔Hillary Rodham Clinton Mateo is reading a story about a group of women who run an entire society. They lead the government, the businesses, and the religions. What type of society does his story BEST demonstrate? ✔✔matriarchy What is TRUE about genders and the media? ✔✔White men are more likely to have leading roles in television shows. Many of the biological gaps between men and women are narrowing. What BEST demonstrates this idea? ✔✔Women are getting closer to reaching men's running times in marathons. What do some minority women face because they have to deal with both gender and racial discrimination? ✔✔double jeopardy [Show More]

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