WGU C785 Final Exam Correct Answers Already Passed

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WGU C785 Final Exam with All the Correct Answers What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? Correct Answer- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha ca... rbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? Correct Answer- Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? Correct Answer- ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged What are the 4 levels of protein structure? Correct Answer- Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? Correct Answer- hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? Correct Answer- hydrophobic bonds how do environmental changes affect protein folding? Correct Answer- Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding how do mutations affect protein structure? Correct Answer- Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein. What is an electron? Correct Answer- Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding What is energy: Correct Answer- Power derived fro chemical interaction what are covalent bonds? Correct Answer- chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons what is an ionic bond? Correct Answer- bond between positive and negative what is a hydrogen bond? Correct Answer- weak bond between positive and negative with an amino? Correct Answer- piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3 what is a carboyxl? Correct Answer- piece of amino acid, COO or COOH What is hydrophobic? Correct Answer- Doesn't like water, end with CH what is hydrophilic? Correct Answer- Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH what is disulfide bond? Correct Answer- strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between SH's. what are zwitterions? Correct Answer- amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of zero what is a polypeptide Correct Answer- polymer of amino acids What is dehydration synthesis? Correct Answer- Process of forming peptide bonds what is hydrolysis? Correct Answer- adding water to destroy bonds what is an alpha helix? Correct Answer- twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds what is a beta sheet? Correct Answer- folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds what is denaturation? Correct Answer- loss of shape due to interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp, pH what is aggregation? Correct Answer- clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's how do enzymes catalyze reactions? Correct Answer- bind with substrates to decrease activation energy required and decrease reaction rate how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? Correct Answer- decrease activation energy and decrease reaction rate what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle? Correct Answer- enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product complex formed; product is released, enzyme recycled how do environmental changes affect enzymes? Correct Answer- High heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and reducing agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose function what is a competitive inhibitor? Correct Answer- Mimics substrate and takes its place on the active binding site what is a noncompetitive inhibitor? Correct Answer- Binds to allosteric site causing active site to change shape = preventing substrate from binding with enzyme what molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific inhibitor? A -> (enzyme 1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) -> D. Pretend Enzyme 2 is inhibited. Correct Answer- Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease product C. Enzyme 3 and product D would not be created. what is substrate? Correct Answer- the substance on which an enzyme acts what is a product? Correct Answer- result of a reaction what is an intermediate? Correct Answer- products produced in an enzyme pathway before final product what is an active site? Correct Answer- location where substrate binds with enzyme what is enzyme specificity? Correct Answer- Enzymes bind with certain substrate or type of substrate to create a certain reaction [Show More]

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