ECE EXAM 1 CHAP 1-4, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+

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ECE EXAM 1 CHAP 1-4, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+ Children are already learning actively at birth. - ✔✔-True One of the requirements of the No Child Left Behind legislation w... as that all children should be reading fluently by the end of first grade. - ✔✔-False By 2015, all 50 states had passed laws requiring early childcare teachers and aides to have specialized training in early childhood development. - ✔✔-False IDEA provides for early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities in addition to special education services for ages 3 through 21. - ✔✔-False Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that children should be treated like miniature adults. - ✔✔-False The most important foundation for healthy development of infants and young children is: A.) a mother who experiences low stress while pregnant. B.) a positive environment with responsive adults. C.) the culture into which the children are born. D.) the expression of dominant genes. - ✔✔-B.) A positive environment with responsive adults The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 required each state to develop: A.) a standardized teacher evaluation process. B.) an interdisciplinary curriculum for every grade. C.) content and achievement standards for K-12 students. D.) learning guidelines for 3- and 4-year-olds. - ✔✔-C.) Content and achievement standards for K-12 students When the field of child study first began, it was not uncommon to find very young children: A.) at home in the care of their parents. B.) in daycare and preschool. C.) quietly studying in schoolrooms. D.) working in factories. - ✔✔-D.) Working in factories A set of guidelines educating teachers and professionals who work with young children was originally developed in 1982 by: A.) the Child Development Associate National Credentialing Program. B.) the Early Childhood Education and Development program. C.) the National Association for the Education of Young Children. D.) the United States Department of Education. - ✔✔-C.) the National Association for the Education of Young Children When young children are in settings that are developmentally inappropriate, a common reason is that: A.) children with disabilities are included in classrooms and daycare centers with children who do not have disabilities. B.) the adults who are working with them have limited information about how children grow, develop, and learn. C.) the children are maturing at such a fast rate that they progress beyond what their environments can support. D.) they are in an environment where many children are advanced in terms of their academic achievement. - ✔✔-B.) The adults who are working with them have limited information about how children grow, develop, and learn The federal law that provides for special education services for children from ages 3 to 21 is known as the: A.) Americans with Disabilities Act. B.) Early Childhood Special Education/Early Intervention Act. C.) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. D.) No Child Left Behind Act. - ✔✔-C.) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Research shows that one of the primary benefits of an inclusive classroom, compared to a segregated classroom, is that: A.) children are more engaged with and less likely to form stereotypes about children from different ethnic backgrounds. B.) children with disabilities and their typically developing peers all show more positive outcomes in key areas. C.) teachers are more likely to develop their own learning and content standards, rather than following a common curriculum. D.) teachers with special-education training are more effective and more responsive as general classroom teachers. - ✔✔-B.) Children with disabilities and their typically developing peers all show more positive outcomes in key areas John Locke (1632-1704) was one of the earliest scholars to suggest that: A.) all children are born innately good. B.) the child's environment influences the development of the child's knowledge. C.) there are distinct stages in growth and development. D.) we can identify norms regarding the physical maturation of children. - ✔✔-B.) The child's environment influences the development of the child's knowledge The scholar who is credited with challenging the prevalent view of his era that children were simply miniature adults is: A.) Charles Darwin B.) G. Stanley Hall C.) Jean Jacques Rousseau D.) John Dewey - ✔✔-C.) Jean Jacques Rousseau Behavioral theory defines learning as: A.) acquiring specific responses, provoked by specific stimuli. B.) employing positive and negative reinforcers to change behavior. C.) growth and change across the lifespan. D.) processing sensory information in systematic, organized ways. - ✔✔-A.) Acquiring specific responses, provoked by specific stimuli Jean Piaget is most associated with the theoretical framework that focuses on how: A.) children modify existing cognitive structures when confronted with new information. B.) early attachment experiences influence children's present and later lives. C.) individuals learn to self-regulate their thoughts and actions. D.) infants develop core systems of knowledge based on concepts most tied to survival. - ✔✔-A.) Children modify existing cognitive structures when confronted with new information Albert Bandura is most associated with the theoretical framework that focuses on how: A.) children learn by observing and imitating others. B.) children modify existing cognitive structures when confronted with new information. C.) early attachment experiences influence children's present and later lives. D.) the child exists within a system of relationships. - ✔✔-A.) Children learn by observing and imitating others Lev Vygotsky is most associated with the theoretical framework that focuses on how: A.) early attachment experiences influence children's present and later lives. B.) human interaction, culture, and social experiences combine to encourage learning. C.) the child exists within a system of relationships. D.) the self exists in a constantly changing world of experience. - ✔✔-B.) Human interaction, culture, and social experiences combine to encourage learning Erik Erikson is most associated with the theoretical framework that focuses on how: A.) early attachment experiences influence children's present and later lives. B.) human interaction, culture, and social experiences combine to encourage learning. C.) social and emotional development progresses across a series of stages. D.) the self exists in a constantly changing world of experience. - ✔✔-C.) Social and emotional development progresses across a series of stages Which of the following statements is true? A.) The study of children has very recent origins. B.) The study of children dates at least to the late 1700s. C.) Child development as an academic focus is a contemporary enterprise. D.) Studying child development can occur only in higher education institutions. - ✔✔-B.) The study of children dates at least to the late 1700s The concept of "developmental appropriateness" focuses on the idea that that: A.) interactions with and expectations of children are based on age, individuality, and culture. B.) parental and teacher expectations are often out of sync with what children want to do. C.) preschools have a responsibility to be child-friendly. D.) there are certain characteristics of children that are transient. - ✔✔-A.) Interactions with and expectations of children are based on age, individuality, and culture. Two important federal laws relating to children with special needs are: A.) ACEI and NAEYC. B.) ADA and NCLB. C.) IDEA and ADA. D.) IDEA and NCLB. - ✔✔-C.) IDEA and ADA The Child Development Associate is: A.) a child care worker in a licensed child care program. B.) a graduate of an accredited four year institution. C.) a nationally recognized credentialing program. D.) one who plans to attend a two year institution. - ✔✔-C.) A nationally recognized credentialing program The term at-risk refers to: A.) expectation of harmful behaviors. B.) prematurity. C.) repetition of abuse cycles within some families. D.) vulnerability suggesting compromised growth and development trajectories. - ✔✔-D.) Vulnerability Suggesting compromised growth and development trajectories An essential experience is thought to be: A.) an experience that is developmentally challenging. B.) an important influence on brain growth and neurological development. C.) associated with children who have special needs. D.) critical in order to avoid abnormalities. - ✔✔-B.) An important influence on brain growth and neurological development Which of the following scholars/philosophers were instrumental in dispelling the notion that children were simply miniature adults? A.) Charles Darwin B.) Jean Jacques Rousseau C.) Johann Pestalozzi D.) John Locke - ✔✔-B.) Jean Jacques ROusseau Which of the following is the best definition of theory? A.) An attempt to explain possibilities B.) An interesting scientific pursuit for the truth C.) Information based on large numbers of subjects, e.g., children D.) Principles used to interpret circumstances - ✔✔-A.) An attempt to explain possibilities Psychosocial theory argues that: A.) behavior is determined not by positive relationships but by the more memorable negative ones. B.) humans have a hierarchy of basic needs, peaking with a need for self-actualization. C.) social interactions are more important than sexual drives in explaining personality development. D.) social interactions are probably the least important aspect in explaining relationships. - ✔✔-C.) Social interactions are more important than sexual drives in explaining personality development Maslow's concept of self-actualization would be an example of: A.) behavioral theory. B.) humanistic theory. C.) psychoanalytic theory. D.) psychosocial theory. - ✔✔-B.) Humanistic Theory Social learning theory emphasizes the importance of: A.) intelligence. B.) operant conditioning. C.) parenting. D.) role models. - ✔✔-D.) Role Models Because of the focus on the influence of environments and interdependent systems, bioecological systems theory is referred to as a: A.) contextual theory. B.) maturational theory. C.) psychoanalytic theory. D.) social learning theory. - ✔✔-A.) Contextual Theory Which theory emphasizes the importance of role models and significant adults in children's lives? A.) behaviorist theory. B.) maturation theory. C.) neo-constructivist theory. D.) social learning theory. - ✔✔-D.) Social Learning Theory What are considered critical at certain times during early growth and development and have growthinducing influence on the brain's structure? A.) Essential experiences B.) Growth spurts C.) Nonessential experiences D.) Norms - ✔✔-A.) Essential Experiences "Does this test measure what I want it to measure?" is a question that researchers ask when they want to assess the validity of the test. - ✔✔-True A correlational study is research that attempts to determine whether there is a cause-effect relationship between two or more sets of measurements. - ✔✔-False Longitudinal research studies subjects of different ages at the same time and does not involve the tracking of children. - ✔✔-False All teachers should reflect on how their backgrounds and experiences bring particular biases to their teaching practice. - ✔✔-True In recent years, the school reform movement has focused heavily on holding teachers accountable for covering the content of the curriculum and for ensuring student achievement. - ✔✔-True All 50 states in the U.S. have developed early learning guidelines that include social-emotional growth, physical growth, and approaches to learning. - ✔✔-False The concept that an assessment is truly assessing what is meant to be assessed is called: A.) fairness. B.) objectivity. C.) reliability. D.) validity. - ✔✔-D.) Validity Researchers randomly select and divide the population into experimental and control groups in which type of study? A.) Correlational B.) Cross-sectional C.) Experimental D.) Longitudinal - ✔✔-C.) Experimental An attempt to establish norms or averages for a particular area of development is usually achieved through: A.) correlational studies. B.) descriptive studies. C.) hypothetical studies. D.) research studies. - ✔✔-B.) Descriptive Studies Studies of children of different ages at the same time are best described as: A.) correlational. B.) cross-sectional. C.) developmental. D.) longitudinal. - ✔✔-B.) Cross-sectional A randomly selected sample of a population for study is one in which: A.) each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. B.) participants are randomly assigned to the experimental or the control group. C.) the members are put in a random order, and the researcher picks every third person. D.) there is no method for selecting children for a study. - ✔✔-A.) Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Protecting the human rights and feelings of individuals involved in research studies is the primary responsibility of the: A.) society for research in child development. B.) parents and family members of subjects. C.) research institution. D.) researcher. - ✔✔-D.) Researcher Which of the following tests determines the extent of specific anomalies? A.) Achievement B.) Diagnostic C.) Intelligence D.) Readiness - ✔✔-B.) Diagnostic Anecdotal records are especially useful in studies of young children because they: A.) are designed for parents to read. B.) determine cause and effect. C.) provide open-ended rich detail. D.) take little time to do. - ✔✔-C.) Provide open-ended rich detail Which is NOT a type of informal assessment? [Show More]

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