HBS End of Course Review Questions and answers. Verified masterpiece. Rated A

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HBS End of Course Review Questions and answers. Verified masterpiece. Rated A How can directional terms and regional terms help describe location in the body? - ✔✔-Directional Terms: locati... ons of the body Regional Terms: Landmarks on the body What features of structure and function are common to all humans? (only do 4) - ✔✔-4 tissue types, 23 pairs of chromosomes, 206 bones at maturity, DNA, Bipedal, (2 legs- not always true) highly evolved cerebral cortex, 24 ribs- 12 pairs, 4 chambered heart, lungs dependent on outside pressure, and little body hair. What are the main types of tissue in the human body? - ✔✔-Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous. How does the structure of a type of human tissue relate to its function. - ✔✔-Epithelial: Layered: to line organs and body cavities. Connective: Matrix: to fill in spaces so bone, cartilage etc. can join Muscle: to allow movement for the muscles Nervous: Long Axons: so signals can travel long distances, and branches connections. How does the distribution of different types of tissue in the body contribute to personal identity? - ✔✔- Some have more muscles. Obese- more adipose Nerve connections affects how our minds work Some have more connective tissue. Unique DNA except identical twins. What are the functions of the human skeletal system? - ✔✔-Axial skeletal: skull and trunk: to protect soft organs Appendicular skeleton:arms and legs: provides attachment points for muscles that allow movement. What is a forensic anthropology and how does the - ✔✔-The study of human bones to determine information about the deceased and decide cause of death and whether a crime was committed. How can features of bone be used to determine information about a person's gender, ethnicity, age or stature? - ✔✔-Gender=skull/pelvis Ethnicity= nasal index Pelvis= age Humerus/Femur=height What is the structure and function of DNA? - ✔✔-Each gene codes for a protein, and each protein determines a trait. How does DNA differ from person to person? - ✔✔-Each person has different sequences of bases. What role does DNA play in our identity? - ✔✔-Each person has their own unique sequence of bases which distinguishes the shape or proteins which determine their function giving each one of us our own unique look. How can tools be used to compare the DNA of two individuals? - ✔✔-DNA extracted from person to person then performs PCR- increases the DNA making it bigger than original.They help cut the DNArestriction enzymes running them through gel electrophoresis- analyzes size of each DNA fragment. The enzymes cut the DNA in a different place so RFLP's look different on gels. What are restriction enzymes? - ✔✔-Come from bacteria (mostly) and are chemicals they are thought to uses to break down the DNA of invading viruses. Genetics use them to cut DNA into smaller fragments called Restriction Length Polymorphism. What are restriction length polymorphisms? - ✔✔-RFLP are bits of DNA after the long strand has been cut by restriction enzymes. How can the field of biometrics be used to verify and protect identity? - ✔✔-Biometrics can be used to tell individuals apart. Only identical twins have 100% identical DNA, so for everyone else our DNA is as unique as our fingerprints. It can be used to protect accounts, keep babies from being taken from the wrong parents out of hospitals, protect national security. What are consequences of miscommunication in the body? - ✔✔-When there is a miscommunication within our CNS we might misunderstand sensory input or (more often) our body's might do things we don't want them to (uncontrolled movements, lack of balance, paralysis, mental illness etc.) How do the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system work together to control the body? - ✔✔-The PNS consist of the nerves outside the brain or the other spinal cord. It carries information back and forth between the brain, or senses and other parts of the body. The CNS could not function without the information supplied by the PNS. How do scientists determine which areas of the brain are associated with specific actions, emotions or functions? - ✔✔-MRI's and electrodes directly implanted into the brain can show which areas of the brain are active during which activities or even when people are thinking about various things. How does communication happen within the body? - ✔✔-Nervous system=neurons-they communicate, but they send messages using action potentials. Each neurons grabs a signal at its dendrites, passes signals down the axon, into the axon terminal, and into the synapses. The synapse drops the neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft between the first neurons synapse and the next neurons dendrites that signals neuron #2 passes message on. How do the different types of neurons work together to send and receive signals? - ✔✔-Sensory neuron-picks up signal through senses (sight, smell, taste, hearing) Send information from PNS to CNS. Interneuron-connects sensory neurons to motor neurons found in CNS. Motor neuron- receive signals from CNS causing movement, in PNS, receive information, from DNS. How are electrical impulses created in the human body? - ✔✔-Na+/K+ pump keeps outside of membrane (+) and inside (-) by pumping positive ions out of the membrane, priming the membrane to carry charges. During an action potential, there's a sudden reversal of charge, carrying a message down the axis. How do neurons convey information using both electrical and chemical signals? - ✔✔-Electrical-Action potentials down axis of each neuron (WITHIN each neuron). Chemical-Neurotransmitters conduct signal BETWEEN neurons. What factors impact our ability to react to a stimulus? - ✔✔-Reflexes and Voluntary responses. How do errors in communication impact homeostasis in the human body/ - ✔✔-Homeostasis is the human body's ability to maintain a steady temperature at 99-99. 7 degrees fahrenheit. If the body's care temperature changes drastically, such s the effect of being outside in a snowstorm without protection, dean can result. How can biomedical professionals help treat, cure and improve the quality of life of those suffering from nervous system disorders? - ✔✔-Neurologist- a doctor who specializes in the nervous system. Pharmacist- to dispense their medication. Nurse- to take care of them. Pharmacologist- produce new medications. Researchers help understand causes and possible treatments. Brain surgeon's- if surgery is possible. Psychiatrists- if they are depressed. Physical therap [Show More]

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