The Wills Eye Manual Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, 8th Edition By Kalla Gervasio, Travis Peck (eBook PDF)

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Cover Title Page Copyright Contributors Consultants Foreword Preface Preface to the First Edition Contents Video List Chapter 1: Differential Diagnosis of Ocular Symptoms BURNING CROSSED E... YES IN CHILDREN DECREASED VISION DISCHARGE DISTORTION OF VISION DOUBLE VISION (DIPLOPIA) DRY EYES EYELASH LOSS EYELID CRUSTING EYELID DROOPING (PTOSIS) EYELID SWELLING EYELID TWITCH INABILITY TO COMPLETELY CLOSE EYELIDS (LAGOPHTHALMOS) EYES “BULGING” (PROPTOSIS) EYES “JUMPING” (OSCILLOPSIA) FLASHES OF LIGHT FLOATERS FOREIGN BODY SENSATION GLARE HALLUCINATIONS (FORMED IMAGES) HALOS AROUND LIGHTS HEADACHE ITCHY EYES LIGHT SENSITIVITY (PHOTOPHOBIA) NIGHT BLINDNESS PAIN RED EYE “SPOTS” IN FRONT OF THE EYES TEARING Chapter 2: Differential Diagnosis of Ocular Signs ANTERIOR CHAMBER/ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE CORNEA/CONJUNCTIVAL FINDINGS EYELID ABNORMALITIES FUNDUS FINDINGS INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IRIS LENS NEUROOPHTHALMIC ABNORMALITIES ORBIT PEDIATRICS POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS REFRACTIVE PROBLEMS VISUAL FIELD ABNORMALITIES VITREOUS Chapter 3: Trauma 3.1 Chemical Burn MILD TO MODERATE BURNS SEVERE BURNS SUPER GLUE (CYANOACRYLATE) INJURY TO THE EYE 3.2 Corneal Abrasion 3.3 Corneal and Conjunctival Foreign Bodies 3.4 Conjunctival Laceration 3.5 Traumatic Iritis 3.6 Hyphema and Microhyphema TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA TRAUMATIC MICROHYPHEMA NONTRAUMATIC (SPONTANEOUS) AND POSTSURGICAL HYPHEMA OR MICROHYPHEMA 3.7 Iridodialysis/Cyclodialysis 3.8 Eyelid Laceration NONMARGINAL EYELID LACERATION MARGINAL EYELID LACERATION 3.9 Orbital Blowout Fracture 3.10 Traumatic Retrobulbar Hemorrhage (Orbital Hemorrhage) 3.11 Traumatic Optic Neuropathy 3.12 Intraorbital Foreign Body 3.13 Corneal Laceration PARTIAL-THICKNESS LACERATION FULL-THICKNESS CORNEAL LACERATION 3.14 Ruptured Globe and Penetrating Ocular Injury 3.15 Intraocular Foreign Body 3.16 Firework or Shrapnel-/Bullet-Related Injuries 3.17 Commotio Retinae 3.18 Traumatic Choroidal Rupture 3.19 Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria 3.20 Purtscher Retinopathy 3.21 Shaken Baby Syndrome Chapter 4: Cornea 4.1 Superficial Punctate Keratopathy 4.2 Recurrent Corneal Erosion 4.3 Dry Eye Syndrome 4.4 Filamentary Keratopathy 4.5 Exposure Keratopathy 4.6 Neurotrophic Keratopathy 4.7 Ultraviolet Keratopathy 4.8 Thygeson Superficial Punctate Keratitis 4.9 Pterygium/Pinguecula 4.10 Band Keratopathy 4.11 Bacterial Keratitis 4.12 Fungal Keratitis 4.13 Acanthamoeba Keratitis 4.14 Crystalline Keratopathy 4.15 Herpes Simplex Virus 4.16 Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/Varicella Zoster Virus VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS (CHICKENPOX) 4.17 Interstitial Keratitis 4.18 Staphylococcal Hypersensitivity 4.19 Phlyctenulosis 4.20 Contact Lens–Related Problems 4.21 Contact Lens–Induced Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis 4.22 Peripheral Corneal Thinning/Ulceration 4.23 Delle 4.24 Keratoconus 4.25 Corneal Dystrophies EPITHELIAL AND SUBEPITHELIAL DYSTROPHIES CORNEAL STROMAL DYSTROPHIES DESCEMET MEMBRANE AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSTROPHIES 4.26 Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy 4.27 Aphakic Bullous Keratopathy/Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy 4.28 Corneal Graft Rejection 4.29 Corneal Refractive Surgery Complications COMPLICATIONS OF SURFACE ABLATION PROCEDURES (PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY, LASER SUBEPITHELIAL KERATECTOMY, AND EPITHELIAL LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS) COMPLICATIONS OF LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS COMPLICATIONS OF SMALL INCISION LENTICULE EXTRACTION COMPLICATIONS OF RADIAL KERATOTOMY Chapter 5: Conjunctiva/Sclera/Iris/External Disease 5.1 Acute Conjunctivitis VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS/EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS VERNAL/ATOPIC CONJUNCTIVITIS BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (NONGONOCOCCAL) GONOCOCCAL CONJUNCTIVITIS PEDICULOSIS (LICE, CRABS) 5.2 Chronic Conjunctivitis CHLAMYDIAL INCLUSION CONJUNCTIVITIS TRACHOMA MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM MICROSPORIDIAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS TOXIC CONJUNCTIVITIS/MEDICAMENTOSA 5.3 Parinaud Oculoglandular Conjunctivitis 5.4 Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis 5.5 Subconjunctival Hemorrhage 5.6 Episcleritis 5.7 Scleritis 5.8 Blepharitis/Meibomitis 5.9 Ocular Rosacea 5.10 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid) 5.11 Contact Dermatitis 5.12 Conjunctival Tumors AMELANOTIC LESIONS MELANOTIC LESIONS 5.13 Malignant Melanoma of the Iris Chapter 6: Eyelid 6.1 Ptosis 6.2 Chalazion/Hordeolum 6.3 Ectropion 6.4 Entropion 6.5 Trichiasis 6.6 Floppy Eyelid Syndrome 6.7 Blepharospasm 6.8 Canaliculitis 6.9 Dacryocystitis/Inflammation of the Lacrimal Sac 6.10 Preseptal Cellulitis 6.11 Malignant Tumors of the Eyelid Chapter 7: Orbit 7.1 Orbital Disease 7.2 Inflammatory Orbital Disease 7.2.1 THYROID EYE DISEASE SYNONYMS: THYROID-RELATED ORBITOPATHY, GRAVES’ DISEASE 7.2.2 IDIOPATHIC ORBITAL INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME SYNONYM: INFLAMMATORY ORBITAL PSEUDOTUMOR 7.3 Infectious Orbital Disease 7.3.1 ORBITAL CELLULITIS 7.3.2 SUBPERIOSTEAL ABSCESS 7.3.3 ACUTE DACRYOADENITIS: INFECTION/INFLAMMATION OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND 7.4 Orbital Tumors 7.4.1 ORBITAL TUMORS IN CHILDREN 7.4.2 ORBITAL TUMORS IN ADULTS 7.5 Traumatic Orbital Disease ORBITAL BLOWOUT FRACTURE TRAUMATIC RETROBULBAR HEMORRHAGE 7.6 Lacrimal Gland Mass/Chronic Dacryoadenitis 7.7 Miscellaneous Orbital Diseases Chapter 8: Pediatrics 8.1 Leukocoria 8.2 Retinopathy of Prematurity 8.3 Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy 8.4 Esodeviations 8.5 Exodeviations 8.6 Strabismus Syndromes 8.7 Amblyopia 8.8 Pediatric Cataract 8.9 Ophthalmia Neonatorum (Newborn Conjunctivitis) 8.10 Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction 8.11 Congenital/Infantile Glaucoma 8.12 Developmental Anterior Segment and Lens Anomalies/Dysgenesis 8.13 Congenital Ptosis 8.14 The Bilaterally Blind Infant Chapter 9: Glaucoma 9.1 Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma 9.2 Low-Tension Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (Normal Pressure Glaucoma) 9.3 Ocular Hypertension 9.4 Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma 9.5 Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma 9.6 Angle Recession Glaucoma 9.7 Inflammatory Open-Angle Glaucoma 9.8 Glaucomatocyclitic Crisis/Posner–Schlossman Syndrome 9.9 Steroid-Response Glaucoma 9.10 Pigment Dispersion Syndrome/Pigmentary Glaucoma 9.11 Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome/Exfoliative Glaucoma 9.12 Lens-Related Glaucoma 9.12.1 PHACOLYTIC GLAUCOMA 9.12.2 LENS PARTICLE GLAUCOMA 9.12.3 PHACOANTIGENIC GLAUCOMA (FORMERLY PHACOANAPHYLAXIS) 9.12.4 PHACOMORPHIC GLAUCOMA 9.12.5 GLAUCOMA CAUSED BY LENS DISLOCATION OR SUBLUXATION 9.13 Plateau Iris 9.14 Neovascular Glaucoma 9.15 Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome 9.16 Postoperative Glaucoma 9.16.1 EARLY POSTOPERATIVE GLAUCOMA 9.16.2 POSTOPERATIVE PUPILLARY BLOCK 9.16.3 UVEITIS, GLAUCOMA, HYPHEMA SYNDROME 9.17 Aqueous Misdirection Syndrome/Malignant Glaucoma 9.18 Postoperative Complications of Glaucoma Surgery BLEB INFECTION (BLEBITIS) INCREASED POSTOPERATIVE IOP AFTER FILTERING PROCEDURE LOW POSTOPERATIVE IOP AFTER FILTERING PROCEDURE COMPLICATIONS OF ANTIMETABOLITES (5-FLUOROURACIL, MITOMYCIN C) COMPLICATIONS OF CYCLODESTRUCTIVE PROCEDURES MISCELLANEOUS COMPLICATIONS OF FILTERING PROCEDURES MISCELLANEOUS COMPLICATIONS OF TUBE-SHUNT PROCEDURES 9.19 Blebitis Chapter 10: Neuro-ophthalmology 10.1 Anisocoria 10.2 Horner Syndrome 10.3 Argyll Robertson Pupils 10.4 Adie (Tonic) Pupil 10.5 Isolated Third Cranial Nerve Palsy 10.6 Aberrant Regeneration of the Third Cranial Nerve 10.7 Isolated Fourth Cranial Nerve Palsy 10.8 Isolated Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy 10.9 Isolated Seventh Cranial Nerve Palsy 10.10 Cavernous Sinus and Associated Syndromes (Multiple Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies) 10.11 Myasthenia Gravis 10.12 Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 10.13 Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia 10.14 Optic Neuritis 10.15 Papilledema 10.16 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension/Pseudotumor Cerebri 10.17 Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (Giant Cell Arteritis) 10.18 Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 10.19 Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 10.20 Miscellaneous Optic Neuropathies TOXIC/METABOLIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY COMPRESSIVE OPTIC NEUROPATHY LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY DOMINANT OPTIC ATROPHY COMPLICATED HEREDITARY OPTIC ATROPHY RADIATION OPTIC NEUROPATHY 10.21 Nystagmus CONGENITAL FORMS OF NYSTAGMUS INFANTILE NYSTAGMUS LATENT NYSTAGMUS NYSTAGMUS BLOCKAGE SYNDROME ACQUIRED FORMS OF NYSTAGMUS 10.22 Transient Visual Loss/Amaurosis Fugax 10.23 Vertebrobasilar Artery Insufficiency 10.24 Cortical Blindness 10.25 Nonphysiologic Visual Loss 10.26 Headache 10.27 Migraine 10.28 Cluster Headache Chapter 11: Retina 11.1 Posterior Vitreous Detachment 11.2 Retinal Break (Tear) 11.3 Retinal Detachment RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT EXUDATIVE/SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT TRACTIONAL RETINAL DETACHMENT 11.4 Retinoschisis X-LINKED (JUVENILE) RETINOSCHISIS AGE-RELATED (DEGENERATIVE) RETINOSCHISIS 11.5 Cotton–Wool Spot 11.6 Central Retinal Artery Occlusion 11.7 Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion 11.8 Central Retinal Vein Occlusion 11.9 Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion 11.10 Hypertensive Retinopathy 11.11 Ocular Ischemic Syndrome/Carotid Occlusive Disease 11.12 Diabetic Retinopathy 11.13 Vitreous Hemorrhage 11.14 Cystoid Macular Edema 11.15 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy 11.16 Nonexudative (Dry) Age-Related Macular Degeneration 11.17 Neovascular or Exudative (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration 11.18 Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy 11.19 Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm 11.20 Sickle Cell Retinopathy (Including Sickle Cell Disease, Anemia, and Trait) 11.21 Valsalva Retinopathy 11.22 Pathologic/Degenerative Myopia 11.23 Angioid Streaks 11.24 Ocular Histoplasmosis 11.25 Vitreomacular Adhesion/Vitreomacular Traction/Macular Hole 11.26 Epiretinal Membrane (Macular Pucker, Surface-Wrinkling Retinopathy, Cellophane Maculopathy) 11.27 Choroidal Effusion/Detachment 11.28 Retinitis Pigmentosa and Inherited Chorioretinal Dystrophies RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA SYSTEMIC DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH HEREDITARY RETINAL DEGENERATION HEREDITARY CHORIORETINAL DYSTROPHIES AND OTHER CAUSES OF NYCTALOPIA (NIGHT BLINDNESS) 11.29 Cone Dystrophies 11.30 Stargardt Disease (Fundus Flavimaculatus) 11.31 Best Disease (Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy) 11.32 Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity 11.33 Crystalline Retinopathy 11.34 Optic Pit 11.35 Solar or Photic Retinopathy 11.36 Choroidal Nevus and Malignant Melanoma of the Choroid CHOROIDAL NEVUS MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE CHOROID Chapter 12: Uveitis 12.1 Anterior Uveitis (Iritis/Iridocyclitis) 12.2 Intermediate Uveitis 12.3 Posterior and Panuveitis 12.4 Human Leukocyte Antigen–B27–Associated Uveitis 12.5 Toxoplasmosis SPECIAL CONSIDERATION IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS 12.6 Sarcoidosis 12.7 Behçet Disease 12.8 Acute Retinal Necrosis 12.9 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis 12.10 Noninfectious Retinal Microvasculopathy/HIV Retinopathy 12.11 Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Syndrome 12.12 Syphilis ACQUIRED SYPHILIS CONGENITAL SYPHILIS 12.13 Postoperative Endophthalmitis ACUTE (DAY[S] AFTER SURGERY) SUBACUTE (WEEKS TO MONTHS AFTER SURGERY) 12.14 Chronic Postoperative Uveitis 12.15 Traumatic Endophthalmitis 12.16 Endogenous Bacterial Endophthalmitis 12.17 Candida Retinitis/Endophthalmitis 12.18 Sympathetic Ophthalmia Chapter 13: General Ophthalmic Problems 13.1 Acquired Cataract 13.2 Subluxed or Dislocated Crystalline Lens 13.3 Pregnancy ANTERIOR SEGMENT CHANGES PREECLAMPSIA/ECLAMPSIA OCCLUSIVE VASCULAR DISORDERS MENINGIOMA OF PREGNANCY OTHER CONDITIONS INFLUENCED BY PREGNANCY 13.4 Lyme Disease 13.5 Convergence Insufficiency 13.6 Accommodative Spasm 13.7 Erythema Multiforme, Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis 13.8 Vitamin A Deficiency 13.9 Albinism 13.10 Wilson Disease 13.11 Hypotony Syndrome 13.12 Blind, Painful Eye 13.13 Phakomatoses NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 (VON RECKLINGHAUSEN SYNDROME) NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 2 STURGE–WEBER SYNDROME (LEPTOMENINGEAL ANGIOMATOSIS) TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX (BOURNEVILLE SYNDROME) VON HIPPEL–LINDAU SYNDROME WYBURN–MASON SYNDROME (RACEMOSE HEMANGIOMATOSIS) ATAXIA–TELANGIECTASIA (LOUIS–BAR SYNDROME) Chapter 14: Imaging Modalities in Ophthalmology 14.1 Plain Films Radiography 14.2 Computed Tomography 14.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 14.4 Magnetic Resonance Angiography 14.5 Magnetic Resonance Venography 14.6 Conventional Arteriography 14.7 Nuclear Medicine 14.8 Ophthalmic Ultrasonography A-SCAN B-Scan ULTRASONOGRAPHIC BIOMICROSCOPY ORBITAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY/DOPPLER 14.9 Photographic Studies 14.10 Intravenous Fluorescein Angiography 14.11 Indocyanine Green Angiography 14.12 Optical Coherence Tomography 14.13 Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy 14.14 Confocal Microscopy 14.15 Corneal Topography and Tomography APPENDICES Appendix 1: Dilating Drops Appendix 2: Tetanus Prophylaxis Appendix 3: Cover/Uncover and Alternate Cover Tests Appendix 4: Amsler Grid Appendix 5: Seidel Test to Detect a Wound Leak Appendix 6: Forced Duction Test and Active Force Generation Test Appendix 7: Technique for Diagnostic Probing and Irrigation of the Lacrimal System Appendix 8: Corneal Culture Procedure Appendix 9: Fortified Topical Antibiotics/Antifungals Appendix 10: Technique for Retrobulbar/Subtenon/Subconjunctival Injections Appendix 11: Intravitreal Tap and Inject Appendix 12: Intravitreal Antibiotics Appendix 13: Anterior Chamber Paracentesis Appendix 14: Angle Classification Appendix 15: Yag Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Ophthalmic Acronyms and Abbreviations Index [Show More]

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