Psychology 101 Exam Latest 2022 Graded A. 2022/2023. Graded A

Document Content and Description Below

Psychology 101 Exam Latest 2022 Graded A Psychology ✔✔The science of processes and behaviors What are the values of Psychology? ✔✔1. empirical evidence 2. critical thinking 3. systematic ... research methods What are the goals of Psychology? ✔✔1. description 2. explanation 3. prediction 4. facilitating changes (therapy) Aristotle ✔✔Lived from 384 to 322. Believed that knowledge was acquired through experience Nature Vs. Nurture ✔✔Are a persons characteristics mostly inborn or learned? Four Laws of Association ✔✔1. Law of Similarity 2. Law of Contrast 3. Law of Contiguity 4. Law of Frequency Descartes ✔✔French Philosopher (1596-1650) Believed that behavior was controlled by the mind or will; we freely choose our actions Ernst Heinrich Weber ✔✔(1795-1878) - Psychologist at Leipzig. - Introduced Just Noticeable Differences as the unit of measure (ratio of weight)Gustav Fechner ✔✔(1801-1887) Formalized and developed Weber's Law; showed that it implied a relationship between stimulus intensity and the intensity of sensation. Herman Ebbinghaus ✔✔(1850- 1909) - Inspired by Fechner to discover quantitative order in higher mental processes. - Great innovator - Influence has lasted over 100 years - Developer of the Learning Curve (as time passes we remember less) William James ✔✔(1842-1910) - Wrote "The Principles of Psychology" published in 1890 - Believed the mind was a stream of consciousness - Studied various groups, not just individuals - Trained as an MD - Taught Psychology and Philosophy at Howard - Established a teaching lab in 1875 1879 ✔✔Psychology becomes a science, first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany. Wilhelm Wundt ✔✔- First true Psychologist - Research assistant for Hermann Helmholtz - Wrote "Contributions Towards a Theory of Science Perception" in 1862 - Saw Psychology as falling between the physical sciences and social sciences Introspection ✔✔Looking inside oneself Edward Bradford Titchener ✔✔- Popularized Wundt's Psychology and brought it to the United States - Used introspection to uncover components of thoughtCharles Darwin ✔✔- Evolution - Offered an account for transmutation: Natural Selection to explain the adaptivity of traits Mary Calkins ✔✔- One of the first women in the field of Psychology - Never received the PhD she earned from Harvard Psychophysics ✔✔Focuses on the relationship between sensory stimuli and perceptual experience Behaviorism ✔✔Focuses on objective and measurable behaviors Humanistic Psychology ✔✔Emphasizes the inner-self and the importance of subjective feelings Cognitive Psychology ✔✔Focuses on mental functioning and reasoning Psychobiology ✔✔Views behavior as reflecting brain processes Evolutionary Psychology ✔✔Certain behavioral characteristics are subject to natural selection Cultural Psychology ✔✔Examines the influence of culture and ethnic practices on people's behavior Counseling Psychology ✔✔Assess and evaluates individuals problems through the use of case history, interview, and observation, and provide individual or group counseling services. Developmental Psychology ✔✔Study and research the emotional, mental, physical, and social growth and development of individuals from birth to death, to increase understanding of human behavior and processes of human growth and developmentScientific Method ✔✔All propositions be subjects to an empirical test. Empiricism ✔✔Practice based on experiment and observation Goals of Behavioral Science ✔✔1. Description of behavior 2. Prediction of behavior 3. Finding causes of behavior 4. Explanation of behavior [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 16 pages