Sterile Processing Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2022 Rated A

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Sterile Processing Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2022 Rated A Decontamination Area ✔✔where soiled items are received and cleaned. *All levels for the same tray should be labeled w/a tag ... to identify the level number and set to which it belongs. Preparation and Packaging Area ✔✔where cleaned items are inspected, assembled, and packaged. Sterilization Area ✔✔where terminal sterilization is performed. Sterile Storage Area ✔✔where sterile items are stored until needed. Loaner Area ✔✔for the receipt and return of instruments borrowed for specialty procedures. Patient Care Equipment Clean-Up Area ✔✔where patient care equipment is cleaned and disinfected. Work Flow ✔✔how the work progresses through the department or processing area. *Dirty to Clean Function of CS/SPD ✔✔receives, cleans, decontaminates, assembles, inspects, disinfects, sterilizes reusable medical and surgical devices Sterile processing is A.K.A ✔✔Central Material Service, Sterile Processing Service, Central Service, Sterile Processing Department Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) ✔✔protects workers; OSHA standards are required by law; sets occupational exposure limits for all chemicals in the workplace under mSDS (material safety data sheet); "right to know"; Emergency eyewash stationsCenter for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) ✔✔voluntary; promotes health by preventing and controlling disease; publishes recommendations and guidelines; hand hygiene (15 second minimum); NO artificial nails; classifies medical devices according to Spaulding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ✔✔MUST be worn to protect from blood and bodily fluid disposable sharps must be disposed in ✔✔rigid biohazard container Sharps ✔✔instruments/devices with points/blades skull ✔✔cranium and facial bones hyoid bone ✔✔located in neck; supports tongue and swallowing; only bone NOT articulated w/another vertebral column ✔✔vertebrae separated by discs; lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine PLIF ✔✔Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Thoracic cage ✔✔sternum and 12 pairs of ribs; protect organs of chest and upper abdomen Making an opening into thoracic cavity to give surgeons access to lung and heart ✔✔Thoracotomy Appendicular skeleton ✔✔Appendages Pectoral girdle ✔✔scapula and clavicle connect bones of arms and aids movemnet Upper limb bones ✔✔humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalangesCarpal Tunnel Repair ✔✔removing tissue displaced bone in wrist area to release pressure on median nerve Lower limb bones ✔✔femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals humerus, radius, ulna ✔✔connect at elbow joint carpals, metacarpals, phalanges ✔✔form wrist and hand femur, tibia, fibula ✔✔connect at knee joint patella ✔✔knee bone tarsals ✔✔ankle; metatarsals and phalanges form ankle and foot Joints ✔✔junctions between bones; articulation total hip and knee sets; osteotomes; screw sets ✔✔instruments used for skeletal system skeletal muscle ✔✔responds to stimulation by contracting and relaxing; voluntary; striated; *attached to bone by a tendon smooth muscle ✔✔involuntary movement; slower to contract and relax; common throughout body systems (e.g. digestive tract) Types of muscle tissue ✔✔Cardiac; Smooth; Skeletal cardiac muscle ✔✔makes up heart; contracts automatically; involuntary and rhythmicalACL ✔✔Anterior Cruciate Ligament a repair to the muscles and ligaments of the shoulder joint ✔✔Rotator Cuff Repair Integumentary system ✔✔skin, hair, glands and nails largest organ OF the body ✔✔skin epidermis; dermis; hypodermis ✔✔layers of integument epidermis ✔✔superficial protective layer dermis ✔✔deeper than epidermis; *contains nerves and blood supply hypodermis (subcutaneous) ✔✔deepest layer of skin circulatory system ✔✔pumps blood (tissue) throughout the entire body and removes waste products transportation, regulation, protection ✔✔3 main functions of the circulatory system heart ✔✔pumps more than 10 gallons of blood a minute through arteries and veins; has 4 chambers atria ✔✔upper chambers; receive blood back from veins ventricles ✔✔lower chambers; force blood out of heart into arteries separated by septum ✔✔right and left chambersseparated by mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves ✔✔atria and ventricles when veins vs. arteries are reversed in the concept of blood flow ✔✔pulmonary; bluish color of vein indicate blood needs oxygen sternal saws, open heart instruments, coronary dilators ✔✔instruments used for circulatory system main function is to supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body; *the area where homeostasis (regulation) of pH occurs in the body ✔✔Respiratory system upper respiratory system ✔✔nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, sinuses and larynx lower respiratory system ✔✔trachea, bronchial tree, lungs breathing ✔✔inhalation and expiration; exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli of lungs instruments used for respiratory system ✔✔bronchoscopes; tracheostomy sets digestion and absorption ✔✔main functions of digestive system (GI tract) tonsillectomy ✔✔removing lymph tissue in the pharynx (throat) oral cavity ✔✔ingest food, mix w/ saliva and swallow pharynx ✔✔receives food and transports to esophagus esophagus ✔✔transports food to stomach by peristalsisstomach ✔✔receives food from esophagus; mixes with gastric juices; moves chyme to duodenum small intestine ✔✔*longest part of GI tract; receives chyme; liver and pancreatic secretions breaks down chyme; absorbs nutrients and transports waste to large intestine large intestine ✔✔ascending colon; transverse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon; rectum; forms, stores and expels feces through anus Accessory digestive organs ✔✔teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas teeth ✔✔accessories of mechanical chewing tongue ✔✔moves food around; assist w/swallowing salivary glands ✔✔produce saliva to cleanse teeth and dissolve food chemicals; mucous used to lubricate pharynx parotidectomy ✔✔removing a salivary gland because of a tumor formation liver ✔✔*largest INTERNAL organ; produces and secretes digestive enzyme bile pancreas ✔✔secretes pancreatic juice for digestion; regulates blood sugar instruments used for digestive system ✔✔laparoscopes, sigmoidoscope, colonoscope, laparotomy set central nervous system ✔✔brain and spinal cordperipheral nervous system ✔✔nerves connecting brain and spinal cord to the other outside parts of the body somatic system ✔✔peripheral nerves communicate w/ skin and skeletal muscles autonomic system ✔✔nerves communicate w/visceral organs cover spinal cord ✔✔vertebrae covers brain ✔✔skull protect membrane between bones and soft tissue of central nervous system ✔✔meninges carry messages from brain to organs and muscles ✔✔motor nerves carry information to the brain ✔✔sensory nerve gather information ✔✔dendrites ONE of the largest organs in the body; controls all movement; monitors and maintains all body systems ✔✔brain cerebrum ✔✔*center of consciousness; largest part of brain cerebellum ✔✔maintains balance brain stem ✔✔essential functions controlled 3 parts of brain ✔✔cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stemspinal cord ✔✔conducts nerve impulses; center for spinal reflexes; provides two way communication between brain and body major divisions of nervous system ✔✔autonomic/involuntary nervous system; voluntary nervous system nervous system composed of two major parts ✔✔central nervous system (brain an spinal cord); peripheral nervous system (nerves that connect brain and spinal cord to other parts of body) autonomic/involuntary nervous system ✔✔conducts impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands; controls heart rate and breathing voluntary nervous system ✔✔sensation; mental function; skeletal muscle contractions instruments used for the nervous system ✔✔craniotomy sets; cervical fusion discs; laminectomy sets craniotomy ✔✔making an opening into the skull to access the brain sensory organs ✔✔extensions of the nervous system that allow perception of environment sense of smell ✔✔olfactory septoplasty ✔✔straightening or removing cartilage and/or bone in the nose when the nasal septum is deformed, injured or fractured sense of taste ✔✔gustatoryeyebrow, facial muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva and tear ducts ✔✔associated structures of eye eyeball ✔✔fibrous and vascular tunics, retina; sclera; cornea;iris; pupil; retina sense of sight ✔✔eyes refract and focus incoming light waves onto photoreceptors in back of eye organ of hearing ✔✔ear ear ✔✔plays role in equilibrium and balance; consist of the smallest bones of the body tympanoplasty ✔✔reconstructing the ear drum so sound waves can be sent to the middle and inner ear ear consist of ✔✔tympanic cavity and membrane; malleus, incus, and stapes; eustachian tube connects middle ear to throat; cochlea (organ of corti) myringotomy set(ear); cataract set(eye); corneal transplant set(eye) ✔✔instruments used for sensory organs ductless glands; secretes hormones ✔✔endocrine system pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal, pancreas, thymus ✔✔glands of endocrine system master gland; located in brain; coordinates all activities of endocrine system ✔✔pituitary gland thyroidectomy set ✔✔instruments used for endocrine systemregulates pH and volume of body fluids; controls red blood cell production and blood pressure; removes salts and nitrogenous waste from body; helps to maintain normal concentration of water and electrolytes ✔✔urinary system organs of the urinary system ✔✔kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra kidneys ✔✔eliminates wastes and helps maintain water and chemical balance ureters ✔✔removal of urine from kidneys to bladder urinary bladder ✔✔storage sac for urine urethra ✔✔brings urine from bladder to outside the body nephrectomy ✔✔removal of kidney cystoscopes; ureteroscopes ✔✔instruments used in viewing urinary system testes, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands ✔✔male reproductive organs testes ✔✔sperm cells and male sex hormones formed orchiectomy ✔✔removing a testicle seminal vesicles ✔✔secrete fluid as a medium for sperm prostate gland ✔✔secretions assist sperm mobilitybulbourethral glands ✔✔secrete substance to coat lining of urethra, neutralize pH of urine and lubricate penis in preparation for coitus vagina, fallopian tubes, uterus, mammary glands ✔✔female reproductive organs vagina ✔✔receives penis and is birth canal fallopian tubes ✔✔transports egg to uterus uterus ✔✔environment for implantation of egg and development of fetus mammary glands ✔✔produce milk for nourishment of child after birth BSO ✔✔Bilateral SalpingoOopherectomy Bilateral SalpingoOopherectomy ✔✔removing both fallopian tubes and ovaries instruments used for the reproductive system ✔✔laparotomy sets; vaginal delivery sets; vasectomy set microbiology ✔✔branch of biology; deals with microorganisms and their effects on other living organisms minute living things too small to be seen with the naked eye ✔✔microorganisms etiology ✔✔branch of science; studies the cause of and origins of disease/abnormal conditions state of being soiled or infected by contact with infectious organisms or other material ✔✔contaminationinfection ✔✔invasion of body tissue by microorganisms which multiply and produce a reaction host ✔✔animal, plant or human that supports the growth of microorganisms microbe ✔✔organisms of microscopic/submicroscopic size; generally include viruses, rickettsiae, bacteria, algae, yeasts and molds chain of infection ✔✔six steps; causative agent, reservoir of the agent, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host causative agent ✔✔the microorganism that causes an infectious disease reservoir of the agent ✔✔the place where an infectious agent (microorganism) can survive portal of exit ✔✔the path by which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir mode of transmission ✔✔the method of transfer of an infectious agent from the reservoir to a susceptible host portal of entry ✔✔the path used by an infectious agent to enter a susceptible host susceptible host ✔✔a person or animal that lacks the ability to resist infection by infectious agent bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and microscopic algae ✔✔microorganisms include some but not all _______________ are harmful to your body ✔✔microorganisms few microorganisms are__________ ✔✔pathogenic (disease producing)pathogenic ✔✔disease producing mesophiles ✔✔often pathogenic to humans because they grow best at body temperature; 68-113 degrees F psychrophiles ✔✔like cold temperature; 59-68 degrees F thermophiles ✔✔like warm temperature; 122-158 degrees F bacteria measured in ✔✔microns 1 micron= ✔✔1/25 thousandths of an inch gram stain; Ziehl-Neilson stain ✔✔helps identify different types of bacteria via color change gram negative stain ✔✔red/pink gram positive stain ✔✔purple/blue the functional center of a cell that governs activity and heredity ✔✔nucleus cocci ✔✔round/spherical shaped cocci bacillus ✔✔rod shaped bacilli sprilillum ✔✔spiral and corkscrew flagella ✔✔thread like tails; help bacteria move through liquidsbinary fission ✔✔bacterial reproductive process that takes place when a mother cell divides into two daughter cells requirements for bacteria to survive ✔✔warmth, food, and water aerobic bacteria ✔✔aerobes; require free oxygen to grow anaerobic ✔✔do NOT require oxygen to grow angstrom= ✔✔measure visible light gram positive organisms (rods/bacilli) ✔✔ability to slow down metabolism and become dormant when environment threatened; form (endo)spores spores ✔✔microorganisms capable of forming thick (shell-like) wall around themselves to survive in adverse conditions absence of ALL microbial life (including spores) is accomplished via ✔✔sterilization in order to test the effectiveness of some sterilization cycles ______________ are within a biological indicator vial ✔✔spores geobacillus stearothermophilus; bacillus atrophaeus ✔✔2 most common biological spores involved in SPD sterilization used to test for: regular steam sterilization(autoclave), sterrad, V-pro & ozone ✔✔geobacillus stearothermophilusused to test for: dry heat sterilization and EtO ✔✔bacillus atrophaeus mycobacterium ✔✔aerobic, non-spore forming, non-moving, rod-shaped organisms; usually found in soil cause of tuberculosis ✔✔mycobacterium tuberculosis responsible for leprosy ✔✔mycobacterium leprae staphylococci ✔✔gram positive cocci; common cause of nosocomial infections; MRSA pseudomonas ✔✔gram negative organism; responsible for infections in lower respiratory tract, burns, urinary tract, ear and eye escherichia coli (E.coli) ✔✔gram negative organism; frequent cause of infections of the bloodstream, urinary tract, GI tract salmonella ✔✔gram negative organism; sources include eggs, poultry and dairy spirochetes ✔✔spiral-like shape; found in water, sewage, soil and decaying organic matter; reason water in SPS decontamination needs to be looked at being treated (filtered, softened, distilled, sterile, etc.) viruses ✔✔one of a group of minute infectious agents that grow ONLY in living tissues/cells; require living host to multiply; not composed of cells protozoa ✔✔single celled (animal-like) microorganisms fungi ✔✔plant-like; can cause serious illness/death in immunocrompromised peopleprions ✔✔virus-like; cause variety of neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals; have affinity for eye, brain and spinal cord tissues; *VERY difficult to kill by usual sterilization methods (considering HCF's willingness to reprocess- extended exposure time in steam) TSE ✔✔Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies BSE ✔✔Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; mad cow disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) ✔✔caused by prions; not a virus major cause of healthcare acquired infections ✔✔staph aureus MRSA ✔✔usually transmitted by healthcare workers due to poor/infrequent handwashing, or w/ pateients who have been on antibiotic therapy for a long time; Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus Salmonella, M.tuberculosis, E.coli, streptococcus ✔✔Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms BMT ✔✔Bilateral MyringoTomy VRE ✔✔Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Myringotomy ✔✔making incision into tympanic membrane (eardrum) to permit fluid to drain and placing small tubes in membrane to permit continuous drainage Cholecystectomy ✔✔removing of gallbladder Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ✔✔removing a vein from the lower limb to bypass a blocked coronary artery of the heartAAA ✔✔Abnormal Aortic Aneurysm Ex Lap ✔✔Exploratory Laparotomy IM ✔✔Intra-Medullary (femur/humerus) Standard Precautions (FKA Universal Precautions) ✔✔OSHA; handling infectious material as if they were infectious impervious ✔✔waterproof/water resistant; ideal against chemicals and bloodborne pathogens in decon Everything entering Decon ✔✔must be cleaned before leaving asepsis ✔✔the absence of pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease responsible for 90,000 deaths per year in the US according to CDC ✔✔Healthcare Acquired Infections; HAIs Nosocomial Infection ✔✔HAI; disease caused in the course of being treated in a hospital principle route of nosocomial infection ✔✔direct contact sentinel event ✔✔unexpected occurrence involving death/serious physical or psychological injury within hospital Root Cause Analysis (RCA) ✔✔determines underlying cause of adverse events; used after incident to uncover primary causeSurgical Site Infections (SSI) ✔✔SPS must do their part in their duty to prevent HCF ✔✔HealthCare Facility HCF Environments ✔✔major source of a variety of pathogens Evironmental Controls ✔✔Temp, Humidity and Air exchange requirements Decontamination Temp Requirement ✔✔60-65 Degrees (F) Decontamination Humidity Requirement ✔✔30-60% Decontamination Air Exchange Requirement ✔✔10 per hour Prep Assembly and Packaging Temp Requirement ✔✔68-73 Degrees (F) Prep Assembly and Packaging Humidity Requirement ✔✔30-60% (same as decon) Prep Assembly and Packaging Air Exchange Requirement ✔✔10 per hour (same as decon) Clean/Sterile Storage Temp Requirement ✔✔75 Degrees (F) or lower Clean/Sterile Storage Humidity Requirement ✔✔less than 70% Clean/Sterile Storage Air Exchange Requirement ✔✔4 per hour Physical Environmental Controls ✔✔non porous wood doors, shelves, etcSterile storage racks MUST be ✔✔solid bottom, 2" from wall, 18" from ceiling or sprinkler (deflector plate), 8-10" from floor to prevent dirt/dust/splashing when cleaning "ban the fan" ✔✔turbulent air flow, re-circulate dust and microorganisms, interferes with maintaining air pressures Practice Cleaning ✔✔floor;mopped daily, horizontal areas (prep, storage, etc); weekly, air circulated vents; monthly, light fixtures; bi-annually If a device is labeled as belonging to one area of SPD ✔✔do NOT borrow from one area of SPD to another Restricted Areas ✔✔sterile procedures are performed; surgical scrub attire, hair covering and mask required Semi-Restricted Areas ✔✔peripheral support areas to OR, hallways to OR, SPD clean assembly and sterile storage; surgical scrub attire and hair covers required Unrestricted Areas ✔✔normal traffic areas; hospital corridors, most offices, locker rooms, and general public areas (cafeteria, waiting rooms); street clothes may be worn in unrestricted areas Decontamination area attire ✔✔surgical scrubs and OSHA required PPE Clean assembly and sterile storage attire ✔✔surgical scrubs and hair covering Operating room ✔✔surgical scrubs, hair covering and masks Non-restricted hallways, offices, cafeteria etc ✔✔regular street attireClostridium Difficile (C. Diff) ✔✔gram positive, spore forming, anaerobic bacillus; spread occurs from person to person or contamination of patient care environment; affects GI-colon; difficult to eradicate, spores can be highly resistant to disinfectants; can survive on dry surfaces for many weeks or months more than 90% of C. Diff HAIs occur ✔✔during or after antimicrobial therapy most effective means of reducing spread of C.diff ✔✔combination of hand hygiene and contact isolation No EPA registered products are available for inactivating C.Diff spores BUT ✔✔Bleach (hydrochlorite solution) has been shown to decrease rates of C.Diff contamination on environmental surfaces Defense mechanisms ✔✔keep us healthy resistance barriers ✔✔UNBROKEN skin and mucous membranes Immunity ✔✔defensive response of the body to antigens; Acquired (active vs passive) Portals of Exit ✔✔sneezing, coughing (Respiratory); feces, saliva (GI tract); secretions from penis and vagina, urine (Genitourinary tract) Portals of Entry ✔✔Mucous membranes (respiratory, GI, Genitourinary, conjunctiva); Skin (broken, hair follicles, sweat glands); Parenteral Tissue (injections, bites, cuts and wounds) reservoirs of infection ✔✔source of disease causing organisms must be present human reservoirs ✔✔people harbor organism and transmit directly or indirectlywater that has been contaminated by human feces and animals ✔✔most notably responsible for GI disease condensation ✔✔the process by which a gas or vapor changes to liquid; leads to microbe build up, which leads to patient infection autoclave loads require ✔✔sufficient dry time and proper loading prior to set's steps of storage/distribution Modes of Disease Transmission ✔✔Contact; direct(physical contact), indirect(inanimate objects(fomites) and ventilation), droplets(respiratory secretions), airborne; Vehicles (air, food, water) corrugated cardboard boxes ✔✔ideal for logistically transporting medical supplies/equipment; Bugs love to hide/live on areas in between vectors ✔✔living things responsible for causing disease (insects/rodents) fomite ✔✔inanimate (non living) object involved with the spread of an infection Hand washing ✔✔single most effective way to prevent infection; 15 second minimum unless sink turns off automatically after hand washing ✔✔water should be turned on via disposable towel and turned off using a different disposable towel always wash hands (when?) ✔✔before and after going on duty, before and after meals, after using bathroom, after sneezing/coughing into hands, after handling soiled items(garbage), before and after gloving, etcalcohol based hand antiseptics ✔✔60-95% concentration, only recommended if hands are not visibly soiled nails must be ✔✔1/4" or shorter; avoid artificial nails bloodborne pathogens ✔✔microorganisms that can be present in human blood and body fluids; are capable of producing disease in humans Under OSHA, a hospital's exposure control plan is designed to help protect employees against exposure to these ✔✔bloodborne pathogens OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 ✔✔regarding bloodborne pathogens N95 mask ✔✔respirator filtering mask with thicker design to protect above average surgical mask; must fit-test (HCF respiratory therapy dept); may help protect against H1N1, SARS, tuberculosis and ebola; Not recommended for children or people with facial hair surgical N-95 mask ✔✔FDA- cleared as surgical mask, NIOSH certified as respirator; have all the qualities of N-95 along with evaluation for fluid resistance, flammability and biocompatibility all healthcare professionals must be properly trained in the handling of ✔✔medical waste due to incineration ✔✔no paper in biohazard containers, unless saturated (soaked/dripping) with blood; same for gloves, booties and other PPE prior to disposal in rigid sharps container ✔✔spores deemed not to be used may be recommended to be 'killed" via it's processing method (sharps container because containerized with glass inside plastic)HCF medical waste ✔✔microbiology lab waste, pathology and anatomy waste, blood/body fluid specimens, blood products and sharp items to prevent needlestick injuries ✔✔be aware of visible surroundings; needles and other conatminated sharps should never be recapped, purposely bent or broken by hand If blood splash exposure(esp to orifice) or needle/sharp stick occur ✔✔report to HCF direct chain of command immediately; immediately "milk" with warm soapy water prior to heading to ER: employee confidential medical evaluation is to follow HLD ✔✔High Level Disinfection proper cleaning chemical disposal will more than likely need to be communicated with FDA/EPA ✔✔exposure to cleaning chemicals, disinfectants and other chemicals in raw sewage HLD may be neutralized with ✔✔ammonia if spill of HLD were to occur ✔✔notify chain of command and refer to (M)SDS HLD gloves must be ✔✔made of thick utility/butyl rubber; 12-18 mil in thickness Regulated Medical Waste (RMW) ✔✔biohazardous waste or infectious medical waste (contaminated by blood, body fluids or other potentially infectious material); requires special handling and treatment prior to disposal medical waste requiring storage ✔✔should be kept in labeled, leak proof, puncture resistant containers under conditions that minimize or prevent foul odors; May be handled by janitorialnon infectious medical waste ✔✔paper towels, nonwoven wraps not contaminated with dripping blood or other potentially infectious materials, urine; considerable trash; do not require special colored bags Hepatitis B ✔✔most effective method of infection control is to be vaccinated before exposure; HCF must offer vaccination at no cost to employee Hepatitis A ✔✔considered food related disease exposure control plan ✔✔OSHA designed to protect employees against exposure to bloodborne pathogens confidential medical evaluation ✔✔must be performed any time employee is exposed to blood or other body fluids infection control is the _____________ of everyone who works in healthcare ✔✔responsibility chemical and biological indicators must be cleared by which agency? ✔✔FDA SPD tech can play a role in fire prevention by ✔✔inspecting insulation on reusable laparoscopic instruments any injury to employee no matter how slight ✔✔should be documented in an incident report steps for performing a task ✔✔procedure part of cell where food molecules received, processed and used ✔✔cytoplasm organs ✔✔complex structures with specialized functions within the bodysystem level of organization ✔✔various numbers and kinds of organs which together perform complex functions for the body muscles found in legs ✔✔quadriceps muscles ✔✔specialized cells responsible for contractions in the body responsible for providing immunity ✔✔white blood cells the breathing process removes __________ gases from body cells ✔✔carbon dioxide organ that produces bile ✔✔liver function of autonomic nervous system ✔✔heart rate function of the voluntary nervous system ✔✔skeletal muscle contractions it is important for SPD tech to learn anatomy and physiology in order to ✔✔recognize where instruments are used shape of streptococcus ✔✔spherical fungi include ✔✔single celled yeast prion ✔✔abnormal protein VRE can survive on hard surfaces for ___-___ days and on the hands for ____________ ✔✔5-7; hoursimmunity ✔✔the ability of the body to specifically counteract antigens principal living reservoir of human disease ✔✔the human body principal route of nosocomial infections ✔✔direct contact lyme disease is transmitted by ✔✔vectors shape of streptococcus ✔✔spherical shape of streptococcus ✔✔spherical shape of streptococcus ✔✔spherical AAMI's definition of cleaning ✔✔the removal of contamination from an item to the extent necessary for further processing or for it's intended use decontamination ✔✔the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate or destroy bloodborne pathogens on the surface of an item (OSHA) first step in decontamination ✔✔manual and or automated , mechanical cleaning bioburden ✔✔blood, tissue and or body fluids on surgical instruments; number of microorganisms on a contaminated item pathogen ✔✔disease producing microorganisms negative pressure ✔✔air exhausted directly to the outsidetemperature and humidity in the decon area should be ✔✔monitored daily employees should be trained in appropriate attire to be worn when_________ ✔✔performing specific tasks manufacturers instructions for processing ✔✔SPD tech must have this information before processing a new medical device a solution is considered nuetral ✔✔pH 7 a cleaning solution is considered alkaline ✔✔pH 9 enzyme based detergents ✔✔contain organic substances that assist in the breakdown of protein soils and blood when sorting items in decon; require manual cleaning ✔✔powered equipment proteolytic enzyme ✔✔breaks down blood soils should NEVER be used to remove gross soil on instruments ✔✔chlorine before any item with multiple parts is cleaned it must be ______________ ✔✔disassembled as directed by the manufacturer metal-bristled brush can be used to clean ✔✔tungsten carbide jaws of needle holders when handling surgical instruments, the final rinse should be performed using______________ ✔✔treated waterbefore instruments are processed in ultrasonic ✔✔gross soil should be removed powered equipment should be ✔✔cleaned as specified by manufacturer fiberoptic light cables should be cleaned with ✔✔a soft cloth and detergent prior to manually cleaning a flexible endoscope it MUST be ______________________ ✔✔leak tested if used instruments in the basin are not clearly visible ______________ should be used to pick them up ✔✔forceps can be used as a simple test to check functioning of ultrasonic cleaner ✔✔aluminum foil cleaning verification effectiveness products would be used on _______________ ✔✔mechanical washers the process that kills most microorganisms but not necessarily spores ✔✔High Level Disinfection semi-critical items require ✔✔High Level Disinfection level of disinfection needed for destruction of HIV ✔✔low level disinfection the ability of a disinfectant to perform most efficiently depends on ✔✔whether it remains wet for the stated amount of time which group of disinfectants does sodium hypochlorite belong to? ✔✔halogensglutaraldehydes ✔✔should never be used as an environmental disinfectant; require routine employee monitoring for exposure levels will be obvious on an improperly cleaned instrument that has been disinfected in orthophthaldehyde ✔✔blue stain not required documentation in high level disinfection records ✔✔whether item was completely dry angio- ✔✔vessel ante- ✔✔before, forward acromi/o- ✔✔Acromion (ext of shoulder bone) aden- ✔✔gland anti- ✔✔against append- ✔✔attach arteri/o-, arter/o- ✔✔artery arthr/o- ✔✔joint ano- ✔✔anus alveoli- ✔✔cavitybi- ✔✔two bio- ✔✔life brachi/o- ✔✔arm broncho- ✔✔wind pipe blepharo- ✔✔eyelid cardi/o-, card/o- ✔✔heart cerebro- ✔✔brain chole- ✔✔gall bladder cervic/o- ✔✔neck, cervix (neck of uterus) colo- ✔✔colon cranio- ✔✔skull chondr/o-, chondr/i- ✔✔cartilage cyst/o- ✔✔bladder, cyst, sac of fluid derma- ✔✔skin dys- ✔✔badendo-, end- ✔✔within, inner entero- ✔✔intestine ex/o- ✔✔Away from, external, outward fascio- ✔✔membrane frenu- ✔✔fold fundo- ✔✔largest part of organ gastr/o- ✔✔stomach ginge- ✔✔gums gloss- ✔✔tongue gynec/o- ✔✔female, woman hem/o-, hemat/o- ✔✔blood hemi- ✔✔One half hepat/o- ✔✔liver hydr/o-, hydra- ✔✔water, fluidhyster/o- ✔✔uterus hypo- ✔✔below, deficient hyper- ✔✔above, excessive ileo- ✔✔small intestine inter- ✔✔between intra- ✔✔within, inside kerat- ✔✔cornea lacri- ✔✔nose lapar/o- ✔✔abdomen laryng/o- ✔✔voice box litho- ✔✔stone mast- ✔✔breast micr/o-, micro- ✔✔small my/o- ✔✔muscle myel- ✔✔marrowmyringo- ✔✔ear naso- ✔✔nose nephro- ✔✔kidney neuro- ✔✔nerve non- ✔✔not odon- ✔✔tooth oophor- ✔✔ovary ophthal- ✔✔eye orchio- ✔✔testes oste/o-, os-, ost- ✔✔bone oto- ✔✔ear patho- ✔✔disease pect- ✔✔chest peri- ✔✔aroundpleuro- ✔✔lungs pneum/o-, pneumon/o- ✔✔breath pod/o- ✔✔foot pre- ✔✔before procto- ✔✔rectum pyelo- ✔✔kidney pyo- ✔✔pus reno- ✔✔kidney retro- ✔✔behind, backward, back of rhino- ✔✔nose salping- ✔✔fallopian tube semi- ✔✔half spiro- ✔✔breathe spleno- ✔✔spleen stomato- ✔✔mouthsub- ✔✔under, less, below supra- ✔✔above teno- ✔✔tendon thoraco- ✔✔chest thyro- ✔✔thyroid tracheo- ✔✔throat trans- ✔✔across tympan- ✔✔inner ear uni- ✔✔one vaso- ✔✔vessel veno- ✔✔vein vesic- ✔✔blister -atresia ✔✔narrowing -cele ✔✔swelling-centesis ✔✔puncture, to remove fluid -cide ✔✔killing -crine ✔✔secrete -cyst ✔✔sac -dactyl ✔✔finger -desis ✔✔fuse, bind, tie together, surgical fixation -dontia ✔✔teeth -ectomy ✔✔excision, surgical removal of -gram ✔✔recording -itis ✔✔inflammation -lith ✔✔stone -lysis ✔✔loosen -megaly ✔✔enlargement -oma ✔✔tumor -oscopy ✔✔viewing-ostomy ✔✔create an opening -otomy ✔✔cutting into -pathy ✔✔disease -pexy ✔✔fixation -plasty ✔✔shape -rrhea ✔✔flow -tome ✔✔instrument for cutting achilles ✔✔tendon at base of leg at heel adductors ✔✔leg muscles appendix ✔✔structure in lower intestines bronchus ✔✔primary branch of trachea calcaneous ✔✔heel bone carpals ✔✔bones of wrist cervix ✔✔neck of spine or uterusclavicle ✔✔shoulder bone in front coccyx ✔✔tail bone cochlea ✔✔snail like structure in middle ear colon ✔✔large intestine cranium ✔✔head digit ✔✔finger or toe duodenum ✔✔part of small intestine epidermis ✔✔outer layer of skin esophagus ✔✔tube from throat to stomac [Show More]

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