CPCE/NCE Exam JMAYY

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CPCE/NCE Exam. JMAYY Behaviorism - Theorists ✔✔John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Joseph Wolpe, and B. F. Skinner. Erik Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages ✔✔Trust versus mistrust (birth to age 1 ... ½ years); autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 ½ to 3 years); initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years); industry versus inferiority (6 to 11 years): identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years); intimacy versus isolation (18 to 35 years); generativity versus stagnation (35 to 60 years); and integrity versus despair (age 65 and beyond). Jean Piaget's Qualitative Four Stages of Cognitive Development (Genetic Epistemology) ✔✔Theory: Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years); Preoperational (2 to 7 years); Concrete Operations (7 to 12 years); and Formal Operations (11/ 12 to 16). Assimilation/Adaptation ✔✔When the individual fits information into existing ideas. (reinforces beliefs) Accommodation ✔✔Modifies cognitive schemata to incorporate new information. (changes beliefs) Conservation ✔✔The child knows that volume and quantity do not change, just because the appearance of an object changes. Kegan's Constructive Developmental Model ✔✔model emphasizes the impact of interpersonal interaction and our perception of reality; construct reality throughout lifespan; meaning making; Kegan suggests six stages of life span development: incorporative, impulsive, imperial, interpersonal, institutional, and interindividual. Lawrence Kohlberg's Three Levels of Moral Development ✔✔Each level has two stages: preconventional level— behavior governed by consequences; conventional level— a desire to conform to socially acceptable rules; postconventional level— self-accepted moral principles guide behavior. Carol Gilligan's Theory of Moral Development for Women ✔✔Gilligan's 1982 book In a Different Voice illuminated the fact that Kohlberg's research was conducted on males. Women have a sense of caring and compassion. Daniel Levinson Four Major Eras/ Transitions Theory ✔✔In a 1978 classic book titled The Seasons of a Man's Life Levinson depicted the changes in men's lives throughout the lifespan. The four key eras include: childhood and adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and later adulthood. Lev Vygotsky (1896- 1934) ✔✔zone of proximal development William Perry's Three Stage Theory of Intellectual and Ethical Development in Adults/ College Students (dualistic thinking) ✔✔Dualism in which students view the truth as either right or wrong. Relativism is the notion that a perfect answer may not exist. There is a desire to know various opinions. Commitment to relativism— in this final stage the individual is willing to change his or opinion based on novel facts and new points of view. James W. Fowler's Prestage Plus Six Stage Theory of Faith and Spiritual Development ✔✔Stage 0 undifferentiated (primal) faith (infancy, birth to 4 years); Stage 1 intuitive-projective faith (2 to 7 years, early childhood); mythic-literal faith (childhood and beyond); synthetic-conventional faith (adolescence and beyond) a stage [Show More]

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