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The International Code - ✔✔-addresses improper marketing practices ex hospital giving out discharge packages with formula Milking Stool- 3 legs - ✔✔-Protect, promote & Support-want all to... be equal Levels of evidence based pyramid - ✔✔-top - bottom: 1.Metanalysis &systemic reviews 2. Single randomized controlled studies 3. Cohort studies 4. Case Controlled Studies 5. Case Studies When is greatest risk of stopping breastfeeding? - ✔✔-3-7 days (after going home from hospital) Top reasons people stop breastfeeding - ✔✔-baby won't latch, breast pain/soreness, work/school Russ Labs Marketing Survey - ✔✔-survey 1965-2001 formula company tracking breastfeeding goals Races in Order most likely to BF - ✔✔-spanish speaking-hispanic, white, hispanic, black Global Strategy for Infant and young feeding - ✔✔-WHO and UNICEF developed this global strategy to focus world attention on impact of feeding practices on the nutritional status, growth, development and health and thus the survival of infants and young children. World Breastfeeding trends innitive - ✔✔-help track how they are doing on global outcomes innocenti ospitale -florence - ✔✔-BF orphan babies increased rate of survival-today UNICEF child resource nutrition center path of messages to make milk - ✔✔-message to breast-to nervous system -to brain- to hormones to travel to breast- then to blood stream what cells make milk - ✔✔-alveolar cells alveolar cells are what? what are they surrounded by - ✔✔-layer of cells with milk inside, surrounded by myoepitheal cells Myoepitheal cells will contract when what hits them - ✔✔-oxytocin Are the ducts in breast evenly spaced? - ✔✔-No varies woman to woman How many nipple pores each breast? - ✔✔-3-5 Milk is ____ &_____ from sebaceous gland - ✔✔-antimicrobial and sticky what are the two major hormone of lactation? Where are they secreted from? - ✔✔-oxytocin and prolactin, pituitary gland Prolactin is the hormone responsible for? - ✔✔-Milk production What is the passage of prolactin being produced - ✔✔-baby suckles- message to nervous system tells brain to secrete prolacin in blood- then tranverse into mother body into milk cells where milk is produced When doe humans have prolactin in them - ✔✔-all the time (non pregnant, non lactating breast and nipples increase level of prolactin when touched) Prolactin levels go _____ in between nursing and _____ during nursing. - ✔✔-down, rise _______ nursing leads to lower levels of prolactin and less rise with same amount of contact. - ✔✔-infrequent If infants do no have frequent times at breast first few days prolactin will be _____ and sites will ____ be primed and receptor sites will start to ______ _______. - ✔✔-low, not, start shutting down What is in receptor site during pregnancy? - ✔✔-Progesterone When placenta leaves the body, the body responds by pushing ______ out of the receptor sites? - ✔✔-progesterone When placenta is pushed out of body, progesterone leaves the receptor sites and they are open briefly, what goes inside to set site for lactation? - ✔✔-Prolactin If prolactin is not set during first few hours after birth- - ✔✔-there will be fewer sites and cause issues with milk supply Ongoing milk supply is associated with suckling within first ______ hours after birth - ✔✔-2 For mothers with preemies initation of milk expression before _______ hours resulted in significantly more milk by day 7 - ✔✔-one What hormone T3, T4, T5 - ✔✔-Oxytocin When oxytocin hits myoepitheal cells what happens? - ✔✔-They start retracting Oxytocin helps ducts to ______ in size and lumen to get ______ - ✔✔-increase, smaller What triggers oxytocin? - ✔✔-1. conditioned response (repeated stimuli over time) 2. Nipple Stretching (happens with proper latch- oxytocin levels goes up and down with suck and swallow) 3. baby hand massage (has to do with T3 and T5) each hand movement releases oxytocin Where is oxytocin and prolactin excreted? - ✔✔-pituitary gland ______ is excreted from posterior pituitary? - ✔✔-Oxytocin ______ is excreted from anterior pituitary? - ✔✔-Prolactin Prolactin is produced mainly by nipple ______, by presence of baby stimulation T ____ & T____ - ✔✔-stimulation, 4 and 5 ________ hormone is affected by stress and ______ hormone is not affected by stress - ✔✔-oxytocin (extreme situation, will stop flowing), prolactin Milk is species ______. - ✔✔-Specific Mammal species with high fat/protein and low water content have ______ feeds. - ✔✔-infrequent Lactose is essential for milk production because it provides the driving ______ force behind the formation of milk. - ✔✔-osmotic Human milk has the highest _______ of all mammal milk. - ✔✔-lactose human milk is ideal for ______ growth - ✔✔-brain Lactogensis stage 1 is secretory differentiation and production of _______ under influence of _______ hormones. When placenta is delivered _________ hormones is gone and _____ goes into receptor sites. Then we go to ________. - ✔✔-colustrum, placental, progesterone, prolactin lactogensis stage 2 Lactogensis stage 2- rapid decrease in _______ and now ______ is in cells. The colustrum will change over to ______ milk and colustrum will go ______. - ✔✔-progesterone, prolactin, mature, down Lactogensis stage 3 is also called ( has two other names) - ✔✔-lactation or galactopoesis Lactogensis stage 3 has _____ from frequent nipple stimulation, there is ______removal of milk and long term production of ______ - ✔✔-prolactin, frequent, milk As prolactin goes into receptor sites and makes milk the ______ disappear - ✔✔-spaces Preterm milk appears to have higher ______, _______ and _____ than term milk (sga, lga does not matter) - ✔✔-protein, fat and electrolytes Breastmilk changes after 6 months it is more _____, fat _____ and after a year fat _________ and energy content ______ - ✔✔-dense, increases, increases, increases does it matter if it is foremilk, hindmilk - ✔✔-no think of kalahari desert nurse for 2.5 min at a time Breastmilk composition ______ during a feed. - ✔✔-changes when doing before and after breastfeeding weight even if volume is low, fat content can be _______. - ✔✔-high the degree of breast ______ influences the amount of milk available and breast storage _____ influences the amount of fat transfered. - ✔✔-emptying, capacity longer times in between feed leds to ______ fat concentration - ✔✔-lower faster milk removal is associated with _____fat content and longer feeding time is associated with ______ levels of milk transfer and _____ fat - ✔✔-higher, lower, lower Does one breast or two breast feed matter? - ✔✔-doesnt matter just do whatever seems better for baby Do male babies haver higher energy content in milk? - ✔✔-yes Can men produce milk? What situation? Men can never produce? - ✔✔-yes, tumor/drugs, colustrum Formula fed babies have ______ extra in the gut - ✔✔-iron Presence of bifidus factor in milk promotes presence of _________ ________ maintaing. a ____ PH and crowd out pathogenic _______. - ✔✔-lactobicillus bifidus, low, organisms Formula fed babies have increased number of species and over representation of - ✔✔-C-diff BF babies have antibiodies that bind to _______ in GI tract that keep them from getting absorbed. This helps to protect from NEC IN preemies. - ✔✔-microbes What do human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) do? - ✔✔-Protect against pathogenic infection, promote development of intestine, help establish gut microbia, stimulate maturity of immune system Breastfeeding changes immune system in mother or baby - ✔✔-both forever [Show More]

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