ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam 2022 answers 100% correct

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Pyrimidine - ANSWER One carbon ring Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil Purine - ANSWER Two carbon rings Adenine, Guanine How are nucleotides joined together? - ANSWER Condensation to form phosphodieste... r bond What is the function of mRNA? - ANSWER Carries genetic info out of nucleus Transcript translated to protein What is the function of tRNA? - ANSWER Carries aa to ribosome Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand What is the function of rRNA? - ANSWER part of ribosome structure most abundant RNA coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons Feedback inhibition - ANSWER Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product Exonucleases - ANSWER Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain 5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5' Endonucleases (Prok) - ANSWER Restriction enzymes Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain Recognition site is palindromic sequence Types I-V ORI sites - ANSWER nt sequence where replication is initiated Topoisomerase I - ANSWER Induces ss breaks Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis topoisomerase II - ANSWER cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands Gyrase (topoisomerase II) - ANSWER Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by introducing DSBs Helicase - ANSWER Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork Primase - ANSWER DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol) adds short segments of complementary RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) - ANSWER Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination Okazaki fragments - ANSWER Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging strand (3'->5') as a template Ligase - ANSWER Closes gaps in DNA Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P What are the steps in DNA replication? - ANSWER 1. Initiate 2. Elongate 3. Terminate Telomeres - ANSWER Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation [Show More]

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