NGR 6172 Pharmacology Midterm Exam {2022} – A Grade | NGR6172 Pharmacology Midterm Exam {2022} – University of Florida

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1. An infant has been hospitalized with a severe lung infection caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse expects which drug to be administered via the inhalation route? Choose one... answer. a. acyclovir (Zovirax) b. ganciclovir (Cytovene) c. amantadine (Symmetrel) d. ribavirin (Virazole) 1. A patient receives morphine and shows signs of toxicity. The prescriber orders naloxone (Narcan) to reverse the effects of the morphine. The nurse understands that the naloxone works at the same receptor sites as the morphine to: a. block transmitter reuptake. b. inhibit transmitter release. c. interfere with transmitter storage. d. prevent activation of receptors. Morphine and its antagonist, naloxone, both act directly at the same receptors. Morphine causes activation, and naloxone prevents activation. Neither morphine nor naloxone acts to alter transmitter reuptake, release, or storage.bilify ans d 2. 6. A patient with asthma uses albuterol (Ventolin) for wheezing. The nurse assesses the patient and notes vital signs of HR, 96 beats per minute; RR, 18 breaths per minute; and BP, 116/78 mm Hg. The patient has clear breath sounds and hand tremors. What will the nurse do? a. Ask the patient how often the inhaler is used. b. Check the patient’s blood glucose level. c. Request an order for isoproterenol (Isuprel) to reduce side effects. d. Stop the medication and report the tremors to the provider. Tachycardia is a response to activation of beta1 receptors. It can occur when large doses of albuterol are used and selectivity decreases. The nurse should question the patient about the number of inhalations used. Isoproterenol can cause hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Isoproterenol has more side effects than albuterol. Tremors are an expected side effect and are not an indication for stopping the drug. Ans a 5. 11. A nursing student asks why albuterol, which is selective for beta2 receptors, causes an increased heart rate in some patients. How does the nurse respond? a. “Adrenergic agonists can lose their selectivity when given at higher doses.” b. “Bronchodilation lowers blood pressure, which causes a reflex tachycardia.” c. “Some patients metabolize the drug differently and have unusual side effects.” d. “Systemic effects are intensified with inhaled doses.” Although albuterol affects the beta2 receptors, at higher doses it may also activate beta1 receptors, causing an increase in the heart rate. Bronchodilation does not lower the blood pressure, and activation of beta1 receptors actually may increase it. Tachycardia is a common side effect. The inhaled route reduces the likelihood of systemic side effects. Ans a 6. 1. A patient has taken levodopa (Dopar) for Parkinson’s disease for 2 weeks but reports no improvement in the symptoms. Which response by the nurse is correct? a. “Another agent will be needed to manage your symptoms.” b. “Double the dose to see whether an effect occurs.” c. “It may take several months for a response to occur.” d. “The prescriber may need to change your drug regimen.” A full therapeutic response with levodopa may take several months to develop. Until the true effect of the dose is seen, it is not necessary to change to another drug, increase the dose, or change the drug regimen.ansc 7. 2. A nurse provides teaching for a patient who is newly diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the drug therapy for this disease? a. “A levodopa/carbidopa combination is used to improve motor function.” b. “There are several drugs available to treat dyskinesias.” c. “When ‘off’ times occur, I may need to increase my dose of levodopa.” d. “With adequate drug therapy, the disease progression may be slowed. [Show More]

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