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A dissecting aneurysm is dangerous due to the fact that there is a tear in which layer of the vessel wall? Inner, middle, outer. - medial layer- allows blood to seep into the middle layer A Pulmona... ry embolus can cause what kind of shock? - obstructive shock A patient has type II diabetes, what symptoms should he expect? Select all that apply A. Extreme Hunger B. Excessive thirst C. Polyuria D. Salt craving E. Quick accumulation of fat - A, B, C Stenosis of the tricuspid valve would lead to what? A. left sided heart failure B. Right sided heart failure C. Pulmonary regurgitation D. pulmonary stenosis - B- because the tricuspid valve is located on the right side #1 sign of right heart failure - peripheral edema and rapid weight gain A patient comes into the ER and is shaking and states that she has a sharp pain that's in her upper stomach going all the way up into her back. Her labs come back and show she is experiencing hyperglycemia and a high WBC count, what is she most likely experiencing? A. Diabetes crisis B. Type II diabetes C. Cholilithiasis D. Acute pancreatitis - D. Acute pancreatitis: sharp pain that radiates to the back Pancreatitis can lead to - Type 1 diabetes Which part of the ekg corresponds with atrial depolarization? - P wave It is impossible for ventricular depolarization to occur during which part of the EKG? - S-T segment: ventricles have fully depolarized, absolute refractory period Heart failure due to the heart muscle being underdeveloped and not strong enough to overcome the afterload would be chronotropic problem, dromotropic problem, or inotropic problem? - Inotropic problem= Strength of contraction chronotropic - beats per min dromotropic - rate of electrical conduction through heart A patient comes in with red lesions on his arms which have a red flare around the border, what is this most likely? A. Urticaria B. Impetigo C. Dermatitis D. Boils - A. hives= Red flare around the border (#1 symptom) A pulse pressure that is 78 would most likely indicate? A. hypotension B. hypertension C. shock D. TBI - D. traumatic brain injury= increased ICP= Cushing's Triad 120-80= what? - pulse pressure Any pulse pressure over 60 is considered - widened The diastolic pressure is measured during what on an ekg? - From the T wave (ventricles have stopped beating/contracting) to the beginning of the R wave (ventricles begin to fully contract) Heart spends more time in diastolic Does the sympathetic nervous system increase or decrease the peripheral vascular resistance? - increase- because BP increases because of vasoconstriction A patient is receiving a blood transfusion when he starts stating that he's getting itchy. What is your first intervention? A. Stop the transfusion B. Administer Benadryl IM and monitor for worsening of symptoms C. Check blood pressure D. Ask the patient if he's short of breath - A. stop the transfusion An absent P wave could indicate that which part of the heart is not functioning properly? - Atria or SA node Frank starlings law states that when a heart muscle works hard over a period of time, is it the muscle or contractility that increases? - Muscle increases, Contractility decreases What is the number one risk factor for dilated ventricular hypertrophy? - Hypertension who is most likely to have hypertension? - Men, African Americans A patient comes in with severe burns after being trapped in a building for 2 hours. The patients electrolytes and hemoglobin levels are increased and the patients blood pressure is 80/45 upon arrival heart rate 130 and the patient is not responsive. What is this most likely classified as? A. Burn injury B. hyperkalemia C. hypovolemic Shock D. hypokalemia - C. When you have a burn injury, you lose a lot of fluids. This is why the BP is so low. main symptoms of shock - BP is low, severely dehydrated, heart rate increased What is the primary symptoms associated with an abdominal aneurysm? A. pulsing area on stomach with upper GI pain B. Black tarry stools C. hypertension D. hypotension - A. pulsing area on stomach with upper GI pain A patient who has vasospasms of the outer arteries in the extremitites complains of paleness in her finger with pain that comes and goes, these are the symptoms of? - Peripheral vascular disease or Raynaud's phenomenon what should people with peripheral vascular disease avoid? - touching cold things with their hands intermittent claudication - pain that comes and goes What is characterized by a honey colored crust around the mouth? - impetigo After having Peptic ulcer disease for a month a man comes into the ER complaining of a horrible abdominal pain. The nurse finds his abdomen is hard and rigid. What is it? A. Appendix rupture B. Peritonitis C. Gallbladder rupture D. Intestinal blockage - B. peritonitis #1 sign of peritonitis - Abdomen hard and rigid A patient presents with fluid around his heart, chest pain, and a friction rub. A. pericardial effusion B. cardiac tamponade C. pericarditis D. Ineffective endocarditis - C. pericarditis #1 sign of pericarditis - friction rubs A patient comes in with osteomyelitis, which of the risk factors was the primary cause for his disease? A. Immunosupressive drugs B. compound fracture C. HIV D. comminuted fracture - B. Compound fraction A patient is diagnosed with albinism at birth. What defects will he most likely deal with through his life? - Vision problems High risk for skin cancer A patient comes into the ER complaining of feeling light headed all day and collapses in front of you, its found the patient has a BP of 98/42, pulse of 50 bpm, and a decreased cardiac output. What is the patient most likely experiencing? A. pericarditis B. cardiac tamponade C. Cardiogenic Shock D. Right sided Heart failure - C. Cardiogenic shock What is the term used to describe the eye bouncing back and forth? - nystagmus Acne vulgaris is caused by an inflammation of what specific part of the skin? - Sebaceous follicle A patient comes in with scaly, white patches on his elbow and a high WBC count? - Psoriasis How to treat psoriasis? - Steroid cream to put over infected area Athletes foot is treated using what? A. antibiotics B. warm compresses C. antifungal agent D. ablative agent to affected area - C. antifungal agent Cardiac output is calculated using what two factors? - Stroke volume and heart rate A patient asks you how the heart is always beating in a person, which of the following is the most accurate description? A. the brain sends an impulse to the SA node in your heart which makes it beat B. The brain sends an impulse to the AV node which makes it beat C. the heart just beats because that's what its meant to do D. the heart makes itself beat by the SA node stimulating the heart - D. Heart makes its own electrical impulses A patient comes in with a skin abscess full of pus deep in the skin. What is the name of this and how is it treated primarily? - It's a carbuncle, treat it by lancing and draining it What virus causes warts? - HPV A patient who contracts chickenpox as a child is at risk for what disease later in life? - Shingles (pain, rash that follows course of a nerve) A burn puts a patient at most risk for what electrolyte imbalance? - Risk due to cellular damage- potassium (hyperkalemia) Cells die and rupture causing massive release of K Blistering is an example of what degree of burn? - 2nd degree burn A small bump on the skin that has a pearly sheen along with vessels on the surface matches the description of? - Basal cell carcinoma Melanoma usually begins in what? - a mole What are the four criteria used to help diagnose melanoma? - Asymmetrical Border (uneven) Color Diameter greater than 2mm A patient can be considered immunocompromised if what cell is absent? A. erythrocytes B. eosinophils C. thrombocytes D. Neutrophils - D. neutrophils are the main WBC in your body. If they are absent you will be immunocompromised. A patient undergoes a kidney transplant and during patient teaching which response from the patient alerts you that further teaching is necessary? A. I will have to take immunosuppressants for the rest of my life B. I will have to take immunosuppressants until my body adjusts to the new kidney and my WBC count goes down [Show More]

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