NR-283 Pathophysiology - FINAL Exam Study Guide(2021) A Graded

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NR-283 Pathophysiology - FINAL Exam Study Guide(2021) A GradedPATHOPHYSIOLOGY – FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE NEURO – TERMS TO KNOW CONSCIOUSNESS • The state of being aware, or perceiving physical fact... s or mental concepts; a state of general wakefulness and responsiveness to environment; a functioning sensorium. [L. conscio, to know, to be aware of] • totally aware ofsurrounding activities and incoming stimuli • oriented to time, place, and people • person can respond quickly and appropriately to questions, commands, or events. • Variouslevels of reduced consciousness may present as o Lethargy o Confusion o Disorientation o memory loss o unresponsivenessto verbalstimuli o difficulty in arousal • Glasgow Coma Scale o Used for assessing LOC • Coma o Most serious level of loss of consciousness o Affected person does not respond to stimuli (pain, or verbal) o Some reflexes may still be present • Deep coma o Loss of all reflexes o Fixed and dilated pupils o Slow and irregular pulse and respirations AROUSAL • Reticular Activating System • determines the degree of arousal or awareness of the cerebral cortex • The pons and medulla influence the brain's awareness of the incoming pain stimuli o PONS – composed of bundles of both afferent (incoming) and efferent (outgoing) fibers o MEDULLA ▪ contains vital control centersthat regulate respiratory and cardiovascular function ▪ containsthe coordinating centers that govern coughing, swallowing, vomiting VEGETATIVE STATE • Loss of awareness and mental capabilities • Resultsfrom diffuse brain damage AMNESIA • Loss of memory [Show More]

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