PHIL 1000 Ancient_Greek_Philosophers_All_Challenges_Sophia_Course - Study Guide (QUESTIONS ONLY) – Strayer University | PHIL 1000 Ancient_Greek_Philosophers_Sophia_Course - Study Guide (QUESTIONS ONLY)

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PHIL 1000 Ancient_Greek_Philosophers_All_Challenges_Sophia_Course - Study Guide (QUESTIONS ONLY) – Strayer University "Is it wrong to lie to prevent an innocent person from going to jail?" T... his question would be best answered by which branch of Philosophy? a.) Natural Philosophy b.) Cosmogony c.) Cosmology d.) Ethics "How do I know if I have knowledge on a topic, or merely opinion?" This question would be best answered by which branch of Philosophy? a.) Metaphysics b.) Ethics c.) Epistemology d.) Natural Philosophy "Albert Einstein is credited for the Theory of Relativity, but what kind of thing is a theory?" This question would be best answered by which branch of Philosophy? a.) Epistemology b.) Ethics c.) Cosmology d.) Metaphysics Which of the following is a primary benefit of studying philosophy? a.) Adopting the philosophical mindset and seeking justification for beliefs has led to scientific progress and innovation. b.) Philosophy provides the tools necessary to win arguments. c.) Adoption of the philosophical mindset encourages people to use their emotions to make decisions, which helps them to maintain a consistent worldview. d.) The philosophical mindset teaches one how to become a more successful and financially prosperous person. Which of the following is NOT a primary benefit of studying philosophy? a.) Philosophy has played a significant role in the technological advancement of society. b.) Philosophy can be used to discredit those whose answers to society's questions are wrong. c.) Philosophy has contributed to modern concepts of justice and equality. d.) Philosophy is closely related to the sciences, and has helped to advance many areas of science. Which of the following is a primary benefit of studying philosophy? a.) Studying philosophy enriches life by enabling individuals to form mere opinions on many topics. b.) A degree in philosophy provides personal satisfaction, although it does not enhance employability. c.) Philosophical concepts of just and fair government are the basis of many of the rights and freedoms enjoyed in the United States today. d.) Businesses can apply philosophical concepts to better advertise their products to consumers. "While I do not deny that a god or gods exist, we must search for natural explanations of phenomena, rather than crediting phenomena to the gods." Which ancient philosopher made this view central to his philosophy? a.) Empedocles b.) Xenophanes c.) Protagoras d.) Thales "Nature is but a reflection of mathematics, a series of patterns and numbers." This statement most closely represents the views of which ancient philosopher? a.) Pythagoras b.) Empedocles c.) Protagoras d.) Thales "I assert that the stars in the sky are not gods. As for the universe, before it existed it was an undefined mixture lacking form or definition." This statement most closely represents the views of which ancient philosopher? a.) Heraclitus b.) Anaxagoras c.) Anaximenes d.) Pythagoras Select the statement that reflects a central theme of the Atomists. a.) Atomists believe that all things exist as an indivisible physical entity, or a collection of indivisible physical entities. b.) The atomists believed that all matter in the cosmos was created spontaneously. c.) The atomists believed that each being in the universe is differentiated by the number of atoms of which it is composed. d.) The atomistic worldview was primarily based on the study of ethics. Select the statement that reflects a central belief of the Atomists. a.) Atomists would argue that a duck is a duck because of the unique size of its atoms, which differentiate it from a non-duck. b.) Atomists would argue that a duck is a duck because of the unique number of atoms of which it is constructed. c.) Atomists would argue that a duck is a duck because of the substance of which its atoms are made. d.) Atomists would argue that a duck is a duck because of the unique way its atoms are configured. Select the statement that reflects a central theme of the Atomists. a.) Atomists would agree that during metamorphosis, a caterpillar ceases to exist and a butterfly is spontaneously created in its place. b.) Atomists would agree that epistemology provides a defensible explanation of why a butterfly differs from a caterpillar. c.) Atomists would agree that a butterfly and a caterpillar exist as a collection of atoms, but their atoms are organized differently. d.) Atomists would agree that a butterfly and a caterpillar are one in the same since a caterpillar becomes a butterfly. Select the statement that best aligns with the themes presented in Parmenides' metaphysics. a.) The world of reality and the world of appearances contradict one another. b.) The universe is constantly changing and has never been the same from one second to the next. c.) The true nature of reality is discovered through the senses. d.) The essence of right and wrong can be determined through observation of the natural world. Select the statement that reflects a central idea of Parmenides' metaphysics. a.) The true nature of reality is defined as a paradox. b.) An ever-changing number of atoms constantly restructure the relationship between humans and the universe. c.) The opinions of mortals are genuinely reliable. d.) The universe is one unchanging entity. Select the statement that is true of Parmenides' metaphysics. a.) Any change we observe in the universe is merely an illusion. b.) It is possible for something to cease to exist and, likewise, to come into being. c.) Reality is no more than our individual perception of it. d.) Our everyday experiences align with Parmenidean metaphysics. With which statement about metaphysics would Heraclitus have been most likely to agree? a.) Over time, qualities within us change into their opposites. b.) The one true account of reality can only be understood by turning to the gods. c.) The Logos only exists if we are aware of its existence. d.) As mortals, our senses cannot help us to uncover the true nature of reality. With which statement about metaphysics would Heraclitus have been most likely to agree? a.) The Logos cannot exist if no one is aware of its reality. b.) The true reality is that all things are in a constant state of change. c.) The Logos exists in the physical world that we experience with our senses. d.) The Logos is just one of many true accounts of reality. With which statement about metaphysics would Heraclitus have been most likely to agree? a.) The existence of the Logos depends upon humans believing that it exists. b.) The Logos exists in the world we experience with our senses. c.) The Logos unifies and organizes all things in the cosmos. d.) The Logos is only true because the gods deem it so. Challenge 2 Select the statement that distinguishes Socrates' philosophical approach from that of the Pre- Socratics. a.) His main focus was questions, including "are humans truly free or determined?" b.) His main focus was questions, including "what makes a life worth living?" c.) His main focus was questions, including "how did the universe come to be?" d.) His main focus was questions, including "what is real?" Select the statement that distinguishes Socrates' philosophical approach from that of the Pre- Socratics. a.) He had an interest in studying metaphysics in order to understand the world. b.) He had an interest in using his philosophy to prove that the gods do not exist. c.) He believed that there is no difference between knowledge and opinion. d.) He had a primary interest in determining what is morally right. Select the statement that distinguishes Socrates' philosophical approach from that of the Pre- Socratics. a.) He had an interest in studying what separates knowledge from opinion. b.) He had an interest in studying the origin of the universe. c.) He had an interest in determining the true nature of reality. d.) His philosophy did not involve a deeply spiritual or religious approach. Select the statement about the philosophical value of the Socratic Method that is FALSE. a.) It is used to discover why an answer is what it is. b.) It is a teaching method that helps students to build upon their existing knowledge. c.) It is used to discover truth through reasoning. d.) It is used to improve rhetorical skills, which are helpful in winning arguments. Select the TRUE statement about the philosophical value of the Socratic Method. a.) It is a pedagogical process that helps students to hone their argumentative skills. b.) It is an instructional method that helps students to pursue wisdom. c.) It is a teaching tool that helps students to remember key facts. d.) It is a pedagogical tool that was used only in ancient times, since it is irrelevant to today's society. Select the statement about the philosophical value of the Socratic Method that is FALSE. a.) Its goal is memorization of important information. b.) It uses existing knowledge as a basis for new knowledge. c.) It is used to teach others an idea or skill. d.) It focuses on helping students to develop deeper understanding. Kate always walks to work when it is above 50 degrees outside. Today it is above 50 degrees. Therefore, Kate will walk to work. The portion of the preceding argument that is underlined is the . a.) premise b.) factual claim c.) inferential claim d.) conclusion Bob eats in the morning or the evening. He didn't eat in the morning. So, he eats in the evening. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - According to Aristotle's ethical tenets, in which of the following scenarios does Harry behave most virtuously? a.) Harry refuses to accept the bonus because he only cares about his employer's financial well- being, not his own. b.) Harry gives all of his bonus to charity, even though he continues to ask his neighbor for a ride to work because he doesn't have a car. c.) Harry gives part of his bonus to a homeless shelter, but keeps enough to buy his children holiday gifts and pay some of his debts. d.) Harry invests all of his bonus in a pyramid scheme, hoping to make as much money as possible. Mary has a hot temper. The smallest disagreements send her into a rage. According to Aristotle's ethical tenets, which of the following actions would help Mary to behave more virtuously? a.) Mary should try to determine whether anger really exists. b.) Mary should avoid situations that might anger her. c.) Mary should practice patience and good humor. d.) Mary should shut off her emotions and stop caring about anything. Stoicism was a school of philosophy that flourished in ancient Rome.Select the example that represents one of the central tenets of Stoicism. a.) Michael always wants to see his sports team win, and feels frustrated when they do not. b.) When he arrives at work, Gary is still angry at the conductor of his commuter train because it was delayed by one hour. c.) Dan carries out the orders of his commanding officer without allowing his emotions to interfere. d.) Jennifer spends a lot of time thinking about death, and worrying about when it will come. Stoicism was a school of philosophy that flourished in ancient Rome.Select the example that represents one of the central tenets of Stoicism. a.) Erica gets upset when she realizes that traffic is terrible and it will take her two hours to drive home. b.) Sean's last date went poorly, so he has decided to stop caring about how he relates to others. c.) Ben wants a new smartphone, but worries about how he’ll get the money to buy it. d.) Mary realizes that the weather on her wedding day is out of her control, so she decides not to worry about it. Stoicism was a school of philosophy that flourished in ancient Rome.Select the example that represents one of the central tenets of Stoicism. a.) Eliza chooses a medical treatment that will prolong her life, alhtough it may leave her unable to live well. b.) Kendra works hard because she wants to own the largest house in her neighborhood and drive a fancy car. c.) Ali wishes that she had been an only child, so that she would have received more attention from her parents. d.) Shara decides that she will no longer get angry when customers fail to tip her. Anna believes that it is morally wrong to cheat under any circumstances. All of the following statements describe Anna living philosophically EXCEPT ? a.) Anna refuses to give her boss a false excuse for her late arrival at work. b.) Anna turns in a half-written paper that she didn't have time to finish rather than submitting a paper written by her sister as her own work. c.) Anna includes all of her earned income on her tax forms each year. d.) Anna realizes that the cashier charged her the wrong amount, but doesn't say anything since it wasn't her mistake. Barbara believes that committing violence against another human being is morally and ethically wrong. All of the following statements describe Barbara living philosophically EXCEPT ? a.) "Turning the other cheek is the best way to defeat your enemies." b.) "Declaring war on another country is not the right way to settle disagreements between nations. It only breeds further resentment." c.) ”It's acceptable to fight back as long as you're not the one who throws the first punch." d.) "Spanking is never an appropriate punishment for a child, even when he or she disobeys." Ben believes that people have a moral obligation to support local businesses. All of the following statements describe Ben living philosophically EXCEPT ? a.) Because he drinks a lot of milk, Ben signs up for weekly milk delivery from the dairy farm down the road. b.) When the local bookstore doesn't have a book that he wants in stock, Ben orders it from an online retailer rather than wait for the store to receive a copy. c.) Ben only dines in local restaurants that purchase fruits and vegetables from local growers. d.) Ben uses his social media accounts to advocate for shopping locally. [Show More]

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