Introduction to Sociology Final Exam Sophia Course, Latest Summer 2020, 100% all correct answers.

Document Content and Description Below

Introduction to Sociology Final Exam Sophia Compared to other countries, China and Peru have an average standard of living. China and Peru, therefore, are examples of which of the following? •... Core countries • High-income countries • Low-income countries • Middle-income countries Which of the following is NOT a variable in the population growth equation? • Emigration • Number of births • Infant mortality rate • Immigration Which of the following claims is supported by the Kuznets curve? • Equality in society starts to decrease during the period of industrialization. • There is no clear relationship between technology and inequality. • Inequality is very low in societies that are not technologically advanced. Steven is researching the effects of text messaging, Facebook, and the Internet on dating on college campuses. He interviews 20 college men and three college women, and writes a report. Steven's findings could be critiqued because of which of the following? • Gender blindness • Gynocentricity • Interference • Androcentricity __________ refers to exploitation and domination by multinational corporations. • Neocolonialism • Colonialism • Modernization theory • Dependency theory The I-PAT equation measures the impact of human activity on the environment. Why do small changes in one variable in the equation (e.g. technology, population, or affluence) have a big impact on the environment? • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are added together. • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are multiplied. • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are divided. • None of the answer choices are correct. Before affirmative action laws were implemented as a result of the civil rights movement, there was nothing to prevent employment discrimination against people of color. What type of discrimination is illustrated by this example? • Prejudice • Racism • Institutional prejudice • Institutional discrimination Which of the following is true of Louis Wirth's view of cities? • Cities are unimportant places for sociology. • City life is a problem for modern society. • Cities are the result of a battle between two opposing forces: positive and negative. • Cities are mostly negative, alienating places that are not good for the human spirit. Social epidemiology is the study of how good and bad health are distributed in a population. Which of the following is NOT identified by sociologists as a cause of different health outcomes for individuals? • Race • Infant mortality rate • Class Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing? • Dramaturgical analysis Erving Goffman • Dramaturgical analysis Life is dramatic • Dramaturgical analysis Front stage and back stage • Dramaturgical analysis Social life is like a theater Which of the following is a variable? • Your race • The amount of money you earn • Your eye color • None of the answer choices are correct. After a series of violent murders, a town in rural Arkansas came together to mourn the loss of the victims. Which of the following functions of deviance does this scenario best illustrate? • Deviance promotes social change. • Deviance unifies society. • Deviance clarifies our cultural values. • Deviance defines our collective morality. A key function of __________ is to socialize children and share cultural values. • marriage • mass media • families • kinship Tim, a U.S. citizen, visits Spain. He is used to having dinner at 7 PM, but most Spanish people eat later, at 9 or 10 PM. Tim realizes that eating later makes sense in the Spanish culture, so it is not "wrong." Tim uses which of the following perspectives on culture? • Culture shock • Cultural relativism • Cultural universal • Ethnocentrism Jessica just moved from an urban school to a rural school. In order to adapt to new peer groups, she mimics some of the behavior she sees. Jessica is engaging in ___________. • anticipatory socialization • resocialization • personality mirroring • group conformity Which of the following theories focuses on understanding the advantages that some racial and ethnic groups have over others? • Gender conflict • Race conflict • Social conflict • Symbolic interaction Which of the following is a correct pairing? • Polygamy Marriage to one person at a time • Homogamy Marriage between people who are different • None of the answer choices are correct. • Endogamy A marriage norm that requires group members to marry someone outside of the group Which theory states that poverty, and the poor, are necessary for society to run smoothly? • Structural-functional theory • Social exchange theory • Symbolic interaction theory • Social conflict theory Which of the following is a characteristic of fundamentalism? • Fundamentalists are intolerant of other people's beliefs. • Fundamentalists believe in a literal interpretation of sacred texts, inlcuding the Bible. • Both of the answer choices are correct. What is the difference between real and ideal culture? • Real culture consists of our cultural values. Ideal culture consists of our cultural beliefs. • Real culture describes how people behave. Ideal culture describes a culture's positive image of itself. • Real culture consists of our values, beliefs, and norms. Ideal culture consists of our taboos. • Ideal culture describes how people behave. Real culture describes a culture's positive image of itself. Select the true statement about social conflict theory's approach to the family. • In this theory, relationships are viewed as a series of complex negotiations for an equal trade. • This theory states that reality is something people create through their interactions. • Social conflict theory states that the family helps to ensure that society runs smoothly. • This theory describes the family as an instrument for the consolidation of property and wealth, to the detriment of other families. What was Emile Durkheim's key insight on suicide? • When viewed collectively, suicide has a social basis. • Suicide is an individual phenomenon and is undertaken for personal reasons. • The members of some groups never commit suicide. • Social conflict theory explains why suicides occur. __________ emphasizes empirical research, which focuses on the use of the scientific method, measurement, and statistics. • Verstehen • Value-free research • Value-relevant research • Positivistism Which of the following was NOT a core American value identified by Robin Williams Jr.? • Technology and progress • Practicality and efficiency • Racism and group superiority • Religion and faith The increasing influence of medicine and psychiatry in our society has resulted in a phenomenon known as __________, which describes behavior in terms of health and illness, rather than morality. • stigma • retrospective labeling • differential association theory • the medicalization of deviance Which of the following statements about differential association theory is true? • It is a theory that asserts that those who are in power set the rules. • It is a theory that claims that a person's social group can determine his or her tendency toward deviance. • It is a theory that states that the inability to reach cultural goals legally causes deviance. • It is a theory stating that the labels which we apply to people determine their behavior. Using statistical data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Gary studies the prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the United States. This is an example of studying society at the __________. • macro-level • post-modern level • micro-level • structural-functional level Which of the following statements accurately reflects world systems theory? • The core of the world economy consists of low-income nations that produce most of the world's goods. • Rich countries form the core of the world economy and economically exploit poor countries that are situated on the periphery. • Semi-peripheral countries exploit those on the periphery, and are not exploited by those at the core. Societies in which men have more than one wife, or women have more than one husband, are societies in which __________ is practiced. • monogamy • polygamy • endogamy • homogamy According to Karl Marx, __________ experience exploitation and inequality. • imperial powers • proletarians • capitalists • colonial powers The argument that every social institution (including the law) supports the interests of the rich is part of which of the following theories? • Conflict theory • Differential association theory • Control theory • Labeling theory A(n) __________ includes grandparents, cousins, aunts, and uncles, in addition to the parents and their children. • nuclear family • kinship • extended family • blended family The __________ research method focuses on people in their natural settings, and is useful for generating hypotheses that can be tested in other settings. • focus group • survey • participant observation • secondary source Being a pediatrician is an example of which of the following types of status? • Ascribed status • Achieved status • Status set Sheila is a single mother who works but can't seem to get ahead. Most of Sheila's friends, and many of her coworkers at the diner where she is employed, are single mothers who live in poverty too. Sheila and her friends reflect which of the following trends in society? • The rise in the need for individual welfare • Functional poverty • The feminization of poverty • The rise in the need for corporate welfare CONCEPT Poverty, Welfare and Power 11 Which of the following is an aspect of a sociological theory developed by Erving Goffman? • The idea that society is best conceived of as a theater • All of the answer choices are correct. • The idea that we live our lives as performers on a stage • The idea that social life is divided into a front stage and a back stage Sergey and Vladimir are freshmen in high school. The two friends are nervous about upcoming standardized tests, which will be used to determine whether or not they will attend college. Sergey and Vladimir are nervous about which of the following? • Tracking • Student passivity • Functional illiteracy • Grade inflation Gary says he is prejudiced because his father was prejudiced. He believes that prejudicial attitudes are part of our society and are passed from generation to generation. Gary's comments illustrate which of the following theories of prejudice? • Scapegoat theory • Culture theory • Conflict theory • Authoritarian personality theory Which of the following is a characteristic of fundamentalism? • Fundamentalists are intolerant of other people's beliefs. • Fundamentalists believe in a literal interpretation of sacred texts, inlcuding the Bible. • Both of the answer choices are correct. The I-PAT equation measures the impact of human activity on the environment. Why do small changes in one variable in the equation (e.g. technology, population, or affluence) have a big impact on the environment? • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are multiplied. • None of the answer choices are correct. • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are added together. • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are divided. Which of the following statements about sociobiology is true? • It can explain why some cultural patterns are more common, and easier to learn, than others. • Societal norms form behaviors regardless of biological influences. • Research on behavior supports the argument that genetic programming determines human behavior. Throughout most of the 20th century, South Africa had which of the following social characteristics? • Meritocracy • Caste system • Apartheid • Equality Which of the following was one of researcher Philip Zimbardo’s key findings in the Stanford Prison Experiment? • The guards who participated in the experiment had aggressive personalities. • Research has the potential to harm the physical and mental well-being of participants. • Research does not impact the physical and mental well-being of participants. • The prisoners who participated in the experiment had aggressive personalities. Steven is researching the effects of text messaging, Facebook, and the Internet on dating on college campuses. He interviews 20 college men and three college women, and writes a report. Steven's findings could be critiqued because of which of the following? • Gynocentricity • Gender blindness • Interference • Androcentricity Jina works as a home health aide for elderly patients. She decides to steal cash and inexpensive items from a patient's home. Jina plans to commit which of the following types of crime? • Crime against property • Crime against the person • Victimless crime Which of the following African American sociologists began as an academic, but shifted into activism towards the end of his or her career? • Harriet Martineau • William Foot Whyte • Lois Benjamin • W. E. B. Du Bois Ferdinand Tonnies used the term __________ to describe small, close-knit societies characterized by family bonds and obedience to tradition. • other-directedness • gesellschaft • postmodernity • gemeinschaft Caitlin is an archaeologist who is writing her dissertation on the Mayan rite of human sacrifice. She travels to Central America and examines Mayan ruins and cultural artifacts. She attempts to make inferences about their cultural worldview and beliefs. By doing do, she hopes to better understand the sacrifice ritual. Caitlin tries to understand the Mayans' __________ by investigating their material culture. • technology • non-material culture • society Which of the following is a micro-level research question? • Have the rich really gotten richer, and have the poor really gotten poorer? • How are social relationships made within a group of friends who are playing a game of poker and talking? • What are the effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the economy as a whole? • Why are people of color incarcerated disproportionately in American society? According to George Ritzer, which of the following lists the four principles associated with the McDonaldization of society? • Specialization, hierarchy, impersonality, and clear rules • Efficiency, predictability, uniformity, and control • Flexibility, competition, creativity, and control • Efficiency, unpredictability, diversity, and control [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 25 pages