NURS611 / NURS 611 Exam 1 Study Guide Advanced Pathophysiology - Questions & Answers Maryville University

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NURS 611 - Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide NURS 611 - Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide Apoptosis- A programmed death Example: Inflammatory process Necrosis-Irr... eversible injury Examples: Mr. Bax r/t arteriosclerosis *Hypoxia #1 cellular injury (MI) and the most common cause of cellular injury is hypoxic injury Atrophy: Physiologic: thymus gland atrophy (childhood) Hypertrophy: (increase in size of cell) Another cellular adaptation that can actually be beneficial is hypertrophy of myocardial cells such as in endurance training – this is referred to as physiologic hypertrophy. Versus Pathologic hypertrophy that occurs secondary to HTN. Hyperplasia: (increase in # of cells) Compensatory: removal of 70% of liver – can regenerate in about 2 weeks. Pathological: endometrial hyperplasia Hyperplasia is cellular adaptation would take place after a portion of the liver has been dissected. Metaplasia: (replacement of cells) normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells. Can be reversed if irritant stopped. Dysplasia – not adaptive ATP=energy BUT needs Oxygen – aerobic metabolism A reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membrane’s sodium-potassium (Na+, K+) pump and sodium- calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular accumulation of sodium and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of the cell. Sodium and water then can enter the cell freely, and cellular swelling results. What happens when oxygen reserves are depleted? Anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis) A free radical is an electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron [Show More]

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