MN 559 Unit 2 pathophysiology study bank with answers – Kaplan University / MN 559 Unit 2 pathophysiology study bank (latest) with answers – Kaplan University

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MN 559 Unit 2 pathophysiology study bank with answers – Kaplan University UNIT 2 CHAPTER 12 1. Staphylococcus aureus commonly found in the skin, nares, and other body sites of patients without a... ny signs and symptoms of infection is known as which of the following conditions listed below? A) An opportunistic infection B) A parasitic infestation C) Bacterial colonization D) A saprophytic infection Feedback: The ongoing presence of bacteria in the body that do not cause infection is called colonization. Opportunistic infection by ordinarily nonpathogenic organisms can occur in immunosuppressed hosts. Parasitism is a condition in which the organism exists at the expense of, and without benefiting, the host. Saprophytes do not cause infection. 2. Which of the following statements is an accurate descriptor of the role of viruses in human infections? A) Viruses have no genetic material of their own. B) Some viruses are capable of transforming normal host cells into malignant cells. C) Viruses are often implicated in cases of transmissible neurodegenerative diseases. D) Viruses require stimulation after a latent period before they are able to produce symptoms. Feedback: Viruses that are categorized as oncogenic are able to induce malignancy in host cells. Viruses have limited genetic material (either RNA or DNA), but no virus lacks genetic material. Transmissible neurodegenerative disease is associated with prions. Not all viruses include a latent period. 3. Which of the following types of pneumonia listed below is best characterized by an infective agent that produces sputum samples with a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal violet? A) Chlamydial B) Viral C) Mycoplasmal D) Bacterial Feedback: Although chlamydiae, viruses, and mycoplasmas all can cause pneumonia, only bacteria have all of these characteristics. Chlamydiae and viruses are obligate intracellular organisms and therefore would grow only in cell culture, and mycoplasmas lack the peptidoglycan cell wall typical of bacteria. 4. The nurse will most likely assess which of the following clinical manifestations in a client who was diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? A) Change in behavior and memory and loss of coordination leading to encephalopathy B) Gastrointestinal problems like vomiting and diarrhea C) Muscle inflammation and edema, making movements very painful D) Projectile vomiting, hypertension, and drowsiness caused by elevated ICP Feedback: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is collectively called transmissible neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a slowly progressive, noninflammatory neuronal degeneration and leads to a loss of coordination, dementia, and death. With this disease, encephalopathy is the primary presenting factor. GI problems, muscle inflammation, and ICP are not clinical manifestations associated with this prion. 5. The spirochete leptospires is primarily transmitted to farmers by A) an airborne mechanism. B) exposure to spores in the environment. C) direct contact with infected animals. D) a mosquito bite. Feedback: The pathogenic leptospires infect a wide variety of wild and domestic animals. Infected animals shed the organisms into the environment through the urinary tract. Transmission to humans occurs by contact with infected animals or urine-contaminated surroundings. This spirochete is not transmitted by air, spores, or a fomite. 6. The nurse knows which of the following statements best describes the characteristic trait of risckettsiae related to Rocky Mountain spotted fever? Rickettsiae A) are eukaryotic. B) have both RNA and DNA. C) have a distinct spiral-shaped morphology. - - - - - - - 19. In which of the following individuals would a clinician most suspect multiple myeloma as a diagnosis? A) A 40-year-old man who has had three broken bones over the past 6 months and whose serum calcium and creatinine levels are elevated B) A 68-year-old former coal miner who has white cell levels exponentially higher than normal ranges C) An 81-year-old male resident of a long-term care home who has an uncommon bacterial pneumonia and who is unable to produce a fever D) A 70-year-old woman whose blood work reveals large numbers of immature granulocytes A Feedback: The main sites involved in multiple myeloma are the bones and bone marrow. In addition to the abnormal proliferation of marrow plasma cells, there is proliferation and activation of osteoclasts that lead to bone resorption and destruction. This increased bone resorption predisposes the individual to pathologic fractures and hypercalcemia. Many patients also present with renal insufficiency. Leukostasis, susceptibility to infection, and disorders of granulocyte development are not hallmarks of multiple myeloma. 20. A 30-year-old male's blood work and biopsies indicate that he has proliferating osteoclasts that are producing large amounts of IgG. What is the man's most likely diagnosis? A) Acute myelogenous leukemia B) Multiple myeloma C) Acute lymphocytic leukemia D) Hodgkin lymphoma B Feedback: One of the characteristics resulting from the proliferating osteoclasts in multiple myeloma is the unregulated production of a monoclonal antibody referred to as the M protein. In most cases, the M protein is either IgG or IgA. This phenomenon is not present in cases of CML, ALL, or Hodgkin lymphoma. [Show More]

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