PJM Test Questions - Answered (Complete Solutions)

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PJM Test Questions - Answered (Complete Solutions) Which of the following statements are true concerning delays in restoring power to offline generation? a. the unit could suffer turbine shaft damag... e b. fuel oil for the unit could congeal c. startup time for the unit will be reduced d. the battery life used to maintain critical systems may run out During system restoration, you re-energize a fairly long distribution load circuit that has been off for several hours and notice that the loading is several times what it normally would be. This is most likely due to which of the following? a. transformer inrush current b. generator ramping c. cold load pickup d. excessive line charging What is the most critical communication path when restoring large load blocks early in a system restoration? between the generating unit and the transmission owner Which of the following is true re: "top down" restoration? a. allows for the restoration of several areas of the system at the same time b. you are reliant on your neighbor's ability to supply power c. it'll require multiple points of synchronization d. system should be stable since it'll be connected to the Eastern Interconnection will not require multiple points of synchronization b/c you're utilizing the transmission system no generation PJM responsibilities during system restoration are: Opps for the TOs to tie to the Eastern Interconnection and coordinate the restoration of the EHV system Complete (Total System) Blackouts are characterized by which of the following: a. most common type of blackout b. may require coordinating multiple islands c. likely to result in transmission overloads or other issues d. affects a very large geographic area, and many customers e. most commonly caused by human or switching errors Which of the following are Minimum Source requirements that have to be met before energizing and EHV facility? a. reserve requirement b. capacity requirement c. load requirement d. energy requirement the fourth is system configuration requirement A Black Start generator must be able to close onto a dead bus within ______ hours of the request to start? 3 hours Why would an offsite source of power to generating facilities be a priority during the restoration process? to prepare and expedite the return of the unit Your entire system is blacked out due to an event. You receive word from PJM that the entire region is affected as well. Your blackstart generation resources are spread throughout the system, which covers a large area. Which restoration strategy would be the best for you to implement? bottom up, multiple island (since no assistance from neighbors) Partial System Blackouts are characterized by which of the following: a. most common type b. may require coordinating multiple islands c. likely to result in transmission overloads or other issues d. affects a very large geographic area, and many customers e. most commonly caused by human or switching errors partial system blackouts could result in trans overloads, spans more than 1 substation, and may affect more than 1 trans owner. Who is responsible for determining the amount of black start generation required in a transmission zone? PJM As part of the restoration process you've verified your communication is functional and are starting to assess your generating units. Which of the following would be step 1: a. determine status of the generating units offline b. restore the auxiliary power to offline generating units c. determine the status of the generating units that have remained online d. begin startup of offline generating units During a system restoration, which entity directs the loading of generation, to match the load restored? The Transmission Owner Localized Blackouts are characterized by which of the following: a. most common type of blackout b. may require coordinating multiple islands c. likely to result in transmission overloads or other issues d. affects a very large geographic area, and many customers e. most commonly caused by human or switching errors (also by weather, vandalism, or faults on the distribution system or substation) An alert is issued by NOAA when a solar storm of greater than what intensity is predicted or observed? K5 A Heavy Load Voltage Schedule Warning has been issued for the PJM RTO. Generation Operators should: Ensure all unit voltage regulators are in service What would be the reportable Emergency Reducible Generation if Gen output is 400 MW, Eco Min is 225 MW and Emergency Min is 175 MW? 50 MW A Heavy Load Voltage Schedule Warning is typically issued _____ prior to actual implementation 4 hours What is the temp trigger for a CWA in a Control Zone? 10 degrees What info does PJM provide to members during a Min Gen Alert? (2) Eco Min limits Emergency Reducible info Adjusted Min Gen Valley & Load Estimate (and a third that pjm provides is margin values) This type of warning is issued when available Synchronized Reserves are less than the Synchronized Reserve requirement. Voltage Reduction Warning This type of capacity alert is issued when the estimated operating reserve capacity is less than the forecasted synchronized reserve requirement Voltage Reduction Alert Which of the following events may prompt PJM to adopt Conservative Ops? a. A member company has rec'd a credible bomb threat against one of their BES substations b. a steam generating unit cannot reach full MVAR output b/c of plugged heat exchangers on the Generator cooling system c. NOAA has reported a solar storm of K6 intensity is currently being experienced d. a natural gas pipeline supplying gas to several CTs has developed a leak, and gas supplies will be limited while repairs are made Conservative Ops Triggers fuel delivery issues Geomagnetic Disturbances (GMDs) Terrorist/Sabotage What are some GENERAL actions PJM might take when initiating Conservative Ops? (2) purchase / load additional reserves raise IROL Transfer limits cancel all SOS conference calls begin studying double contingencies (can also LOWER IROL and INCREASE number of SOS calls) The purpose of the Heavy Load Voltage Schedule Action is to increase reactive reserves on: The EHV System Under the national Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS) there are 2 types of alerts: Elevated Threat and Imminent Threat Alert The following would be considered non-critical plant load: a. lighting b. office area a/c c. induction fans d. feed water pumps What is the purpose of a capacity emergency warning? a. to inform NERC of expected RTO status for a future failure b. to keep Members informed of actual capacity shortages or contingencies that may jeopardize reliability during RT ops c. to ask Members to take specific actions in order to provide relief to the PJM system d. to keep all affected system personnel aware of the forecast and/or actual status of the PJM RTO Which of the following steps would PJM take as part of initiating Conservative Ops? a. Initiate additional off-cost operations to limit or reduce flows across critical interfaces b. implement a 5% Voltage Reduction across the entire RTO to correct high system voltages c. declare an Energy Emergency Alert Level 5 (EEA5) with FERC/NERC d. Perform job studies looking at the loss of multiple pieces of equipment as a single event Actions in a Low Voltage Alert include: a. implement 4 hrs prior to Heavy Load Voltage Schedule Action b. review transmission and generation outages c. consider changing Reactive Transfer back-off limit from 300 MW to 50 MW for tighter control d. request a Reactive Reserve Check The purpose of the Heavy Load Voltage Schedule Warning is to have members prepare for maximum support of voltages on the: Bulk Power System A Manual Load Dump Warning & Reduction of Non-Critical Plant Load will be issued when Primary Reserve is less than the largest generating unit or the loss of a transmission facility jeopardizes reliability after all possible measures have been taken to increase reserves [Show More]

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