KAPLAN NURSING ENTRANCE EXAM-IMMUNE SYSTEM 58 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

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KAPLAN NURSING ENTRANCE EXAM-IMMUNE SYSTEM 58 Questions with Verified Answers What is immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER the body's resistance to a pathogen where is the immune system located? - CORRECT... ANSWER Lymphatic System what is innate immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER Nonspecific protection against foreign substances what is adaptive immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER body's ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct invaders and their products humoral immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER immunity in pathogens in body fluids (b-cells) Cellular immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER Doesn't involve antibodies (T-cells) what is the first line of defense? - CORRECT ANSWER chemical and mechanical Main phagocyte - CORRECT ANSWER Neutrophils and macrophages. what are macrophages? - CORRECT ANSWER Amoeboid cells that roam connective tissue and engulf foreign particles and debris of dead cells. macrophage found in the liver - CORRECT ANSWER Kupffer cell macrophage found in the brain - CORRECT ANSWER microglia macrophage found in the lung - CORRECT ANSWER dust cell what happens to a neutrophil when it encounters an infection? - CORRECT ANSWER it becomes a phagocyte what do esinophils do? - CORRECT ANSWER eat worms what are the steps of phagocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER chemotaxsis, adherence, opsonins, ingestion, kill and digest. what is an NK cell? - CORRECT ANSWER natural killer cell-specific lymphocyte. kills virus infected cells & tumors. NK cells act before specific immunity. signs of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER Heat, pus, pain, swelling, redness most important antimicrobial protein - CORRECT ANSWER interferons, complement, transferrins what do antimicrobial proteins do? - CORRECT ANSWER attack microorganisms directly and interfere with microbial reproduction. explain the complement system (Innate defense) - CORRECT ANSWER plasma protein. triggers the release of chemicals that attack pathogen. enhance effectiveness of both specific and nonspecific how many pathways are in the complement system? - CORRECT ANSWER 2 pathways-classical and alternative what is a pyrogen? - CORRECT ANSWER A substance that induces fever classical pathway - CORRECT ANSWER The complement pathway that requires antibodies to be activated is the both classical and alternative pathways converge where? - CORRECT ANSWER C3 what is the 3rd line of defense? - CORRECT ANSWER delayed and prolonged, immune system response (t & b cells) what is the 1st line of defense? - CORRECT ANSWER Barrier defense-Skin, mucus membrane, saliva, urine (chemical & mechanical) what is the 2nd line of defense? - CORRECT ANSWER Internal defense where are B cells produced and where do B cells mature - CORRECT ANSWER Produced in Red bone marrow & mature in the Lymph Nodes where are T cells produced and where do T cells mature - CORRECT ANSWER produced in the red bone marrow & mature in the Thymus list the 3 major lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER T-cell, B-cell and NK cell what are APC's - CORRECT ANSWER antigen presenting cells- engulf antigens and put pieces of them on the outside so the T cell can attack. the most important phagocytes are? - CORRECT ANSWER Neutrophils and macrophages Dust cells, microgila and kuppfer are examples of? - CORRECT ANSWER Macrophages Natural killer have no? - CORRECT ANSWER memory Which type of immunoglobulin fight against allergens? - CORRECT ANSWER IgA Which type of immunoglobulin fight bacteria & viruses? - CORRECT ANSWER IgG-secreted into saliva, tears and mucous membranes (activates complement) With innante immunity - CORRECT ANSWER each time the body is exposed to a substance, the response is the same worn-out erythrocytes are destroyed in? - CORRECT ANSWER the spleen what circulates in the blood in an inactive form? - CORRECT ANSWER complement a tumor is an example of? - CORRECT ANSWER self-antigen B-cells are stimulated by? - CORRECT ANSWER helper T-cells What is produced by plasma cells? - CORRECT ANSWER antibodies What filters blood, remove microorganisms and other foreign substances? - CORRECT ANSWER the spleen What acts as a blood reservoir? - CORRECT ANSWER the spleen what decreases in size in older adults - CORRECT ANSWER Thymus A protein that interferes with virus production - CORRECT ANSWER interferon often die after a single phagocytic episode - CORRECT ANSWER neutrophil which cell release enzymes that break down chemical mediators released by other cells - CORRECT ANSWER eosinophils what stimulates adaptive immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER antigens Phagocytosis are promoted by - CORRECT ANSWER antibodies cell-surface glycoproteins that display antigens - CORRECT ANSWER MHC molecules what cells is responsible for secondary antibody response? - CORRECT ANSWER Memory B cells As a result of a bee sting, Mr. X has an immediate severe reaction, and nearly died. This reaction was caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER B cells The antigen-presenting cells that are required for the activation of b cells are? - CORRECT ANSWER B cells B cells are involved in? - CORRECT ANSWER adaptive immunity only Neutrophils are involved in? - CORRECT ANSWER innate immunity only Complement is involved in? - CORRECT ANSWER Both adaptive and innate immunity A vaccination is a way of acquiring - CORRECT ANSWER active artificial immunity [Show More]

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