EKG MEDCA TEST 57 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

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EKG MEDCA TEST 57 Questions with Verified Answers How to measure temp: - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Skin on forehead 2.Oral 3.Vaginal 4.Rectal 5.Tympanic 6.Axillary 7.Temporal artery In gut Tempera... ture regulated by - CORRECT ANSWER hypothalamus. Short-term sleep deprivation causes higher temp. Long-term sleep deprivation causes lower temp. Normal temperature range - CORRECT ANSWER oral: 98.2 Armpit: 97.6 Rectal: 99.7 Normal vital signs range - CORRECT ANSWER Temp: 97.8-99 Blood Pressure: 120/80 Respiratory Rate: 16-20 per min Heart Rate: 60-100 bpm Problems that can cause low blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Pregnancy 2.Loss of blood 3.Dehydration 4.Heart problem: heart attack, heart failure, bradycardia etc. 5.Infection 6.Allergic reaction 7.Lack of nutrients: vitamin B12 8.Endocrine problems: diabetes, hyper and hypo thyroidism, low blood sugar, low adrenal... Types of low blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Postural/orthostatic hypotension: maybe caused by pregnancy, dehydration, diabetes, heart problems, burns, excessive heat, large varicose veins, and certain types of neurological disorders. 2.Postprandial hypotension: after eating. Mostly poeple suffering autonomic nervous system disorders or high blood pressure. 3.Neurally mediated hypotension: caused by miscommunication between the heart and brain. 4.Shy-drager syndrome: this rare disorder causes progressive damage to the autonomic nervous system, which controls in voluntary functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and digestion. Main characteristics-- severe orthostatic hypotension in combination with very high blood pressure when lying down. blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER described as systolic and diastolic pressure Hypertension or high blood pressure treatment - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Alpha-blocker 2.Beta-blocker 3.AlphaBeta-blocker 4.Calcium-channel blocker 5.Renin inhibitor 6.Angiotensin II receptor blocker 7.Thiazide diuretics 8.Vasodilator 9.Central acting agents 10.ACE inhibitor Measurement of blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Normal: 120/80 Prehypertension: 120-139/80-89 Stage I: 140-159/90-99 Stage II: over 160/100 Heart rate/ pulse rate can be measured at - CORRECT ANSWER carotid artery, radial artery, popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery, ulnar, brachial, femoral, abdominal, facial, dorsalis pedis, superficial temporal, apex of heart. Newborn 120-160 1-12 month: 80-140 1-2 year: 80-130 2-6: 75-120 6-12: 75-110 Above 13: 60-100 Adult athlete: 40-60 Upper limb - CORRECT ANSWER axillary, brachial, ulnar, radial Lower limb - CORRECT ANSWER popliteal, tibial posterior, dorsalis pedis, femoral torso - CORRECT ANSWER apical head/neck - CORRECT ANSWER facial, temporal, carotid the right coronary artery branches into and supplies... - CORRECT ANSWER the right marginal artery and posterior descending artery, supply the right atrium and right ventricle the left coronary artery branches into and supplies... - CORRECT ANSWER the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery, supply the left atrium and left ventricle. medulla - CORRECT ANSWER controls autonomic functions such as breathing, heart function, and blood vessel function. blood flowing through the lungs - CORRECT ANSWER oxygen-deprived CO2 bonds to hemoglobin to form - CORRECT ANSWER bicarbonate aortic arch 1 forms - CORRECT ANSWER maxillary arteries Aortic arch 2 forms - CORRECT ANSWER stapedial arteries aortic arch 3 - CORRECT ANSWER carotid arch 4 - CORRECT ANSWER subclavian arch 6 - CORRECT ANSWER pulmonary vitelline arteries form - CORRECT ANSWER abdominal arteries eg. superior arteries, inferior mesenteric arteries and the celiac arteries of GI tract umbilical arteries form - CORRECT ANSWER function of cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWER 1. protection 2. transportation 3. regulation P-wave duration - CORRECT ANSWER 0.08-0.1 s missing p wave - CORRECT ANSWER atrial fibrillation long p wave - CORRECT ANSWER left atrial enlargement spike formed p wave - CORRECT ANSWER atrial flutter high amplitude p wave - CORRECT ANSWER right atrial enlargement or hypokalemia short PR - CORRECT ANSWER early depolarization of the ventricles long PR - CORRECT ANSWER AV block PR interval duration - CORRECT ANSWER 0.12 to 0.20 QRS complex duration - CORRECT ANSWER 0.04 to 0.12 long QRS - CORRECT ANSWER impairment within the ventricles ST seg vs. ST interval duration - CORRECT ANSWER 0.08-0.12 and 0.32 ST seg downwards or flat - CORRECT ANSWER coronary ischemia ST seg Upwards - CORRECT ANSWER myocardial infarction (A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart) RR interval duration - CORRECT ANSWER 0.6-1.2 J-point - CORRECT ANSWER the point where QRS stops and ST segment starts J-Wave - CORRECT ANSWER a wave after QRS Where is U wave - CORRECT ANSWER follow the T-waves noticeable U-wave - CORRECT ANSWER hypokalemia inverted U-wave - CORRECT ANSWER myocardial ischemia atrial fibrillation - CORRECT ANSWER rapid irregular heart rate cardiomyopathy - CORRECT ANSWER weakening or change of the heart muscle arrhythmia - CORRECT ANSWER heart rate too fast or too slow atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER fatty materials collect on the artery walls coronary heart disease - CORRECT ANSWER vessel narrows. treat with ACE inhibitors or beta-blocker heart attack - CORRECT ANSWER Myocardial infarction. death to the tissue heart murmur - CORRECT ANSWER turbulent blood flow congestive heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER unable to pump enough blood to the body myocardial ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER blood flow to the heart is temporarily decreased. treat with nitroglycerine and or beta-blocker thrombophlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation or swelling of veins caused by blood clots. treat with antibiotics and or NSAIDs ventricular fibrillation - CORRECT ANSWER severe arrhythmia. can be caused by heart attack, congenital heart disease, and or ischemia. 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