HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Questions and Answers Already Graded A

Document Content and Description Below

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Questions and Answers Already Graded A The autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis is characterized by the degradation of what? a - Proteins b - Carbohydrates c - M... yelin Sheath d - Dendrites e - phospholipids ✔✔c - Myelin Sheath The opening in the skull that is superior to the atlas is known as the __________? a - Axis b - Mandible c - Occipital Fissure d - Foramen Magnum e - Corpus Callosum ✔✔d - Foramen Magnum Which of the following would be a direct result of lipid depletion in the body? a - The increase in the amount of proteins secreted in the body. b - The decrease in the amount of estrogen produced. c - The decrease in the permeability of the cellular membrane. d - The transfer of nuclear membrane lipids to the cytoplasm. e - The exchange of cytoplasmic lipids with membrane proteins. ✔✔b - The decrease in the amount of estrogen produced. In order for the actin filaments to bind to the myosin head, what must occur first? a - The sarcomere has to shorten. b - Calcium ions must bind to troponin molecules. c - Tropomyosin has to attach to the actin binding sites. d - Magnesium ions must be released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. e - The Z line has to be lengthened to expose the actin binding site. ✔✔b - Calcium ions must bind to troponin molecules. Which type of cellular connection is characterized by openings in adjacent animal cells for intercellular exchange to take place? a - Desmosomes b - Tight Junctions c - Gap Junctions d - Plasmodesmata e - Molecular Anchoring ✔✔c - Gap Junctions What section of the human spine contains 5 vertebrae? a - Lumbar b - Cervical c - Thoracic d - Sacrum e - Coccyx ✔✔a - Lumbar This enzyme begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. a - Lipase b - Protease c - Amylase d - Nuclease e - B and C ✔✔c - Amylase What would result following an injury to the phrenic nerve? a - An inability to stand b - An irregular heart rate c - An inability to control breathing d - An increase in body temperature e - An increase in facial spasms ✔✔c - An inability to control breathing What vein return blood to the heart, draining the head, neck and upper torso? a - Superior vena cava b - Inferior vena cava c - Ascending aorta d - Descending aorta e - Pulmonary vein ✔✔a - Superior vena cava Fats are broken down in the small intestine using which enzyme(s)? a - Lipase b - Pepsin c - Pepsinogen d - Bile e - A and D ✔✔e - A and D Which is a bodily reaction to the fight or flight response? a - Pupil dilation b - Vasoconstriction c - Increase perspiration d - Decrease gastric mobility e - All of the above ✔✔e - All of the above A rupture in the cardiac sphincter would result in what occurring? a - Sugars not being digested. b - The small intestine losing surface area. c - The backflow of gastric juices into the esophagus. d - Proteins and lipids being expelled from the body. e - The release of fecal matter and other bodily fluids. ✔✔c - The backflow of gastric juices into the esophagus. What lobe of the brain is responsible for processing olfactory information? a - Frontal b - Parietal c - Occipital d - Temporal e - Corpus Callosum ✔✔d - Temporal During exhalation, the diaphragm does which of the following? a - Relaxes and lifts b - Relaxes and lowers c - Contracts and lifts d - Contracts and lowers e - Does not move ✔✔a - Relaxes and lifts The right side of the heart is associated with which type of circulation? a - Pulmonary circulation b - Aortic circulation c - Ventricular circulation d - Systemic circulation e - Myocardial circulation ✔✔a - Pulmonary circulation What is the main function of calcitonin? a - Increasing the absorption of calcium in the heart. b - Decreasing the calcium concentration in the blood. c - Preventing the increase in calcium in the bone marrow. d - Inhibiting the processing of calcium in the muscle cells. e - None of the above. ✔✔b - Decreasing the calcium concentration in the blood. Which muscle is responsible for the adduction of the shoulder? a - Biceps brachii b - Triceps brachii c - Latissimus dorsi d - Brachialis e - Trapezius ✔✔c - Latissimus dorsi Which two bones make up the structure of the lower leg? a - Radius & Ulna b - Femur & Patella c - Metatarsal & Tarsal d - Sternum & Clavicle e - Fibula & Tibia ✔✔e - Fibula & Tibia What valve is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium? a - Mitral valve b - Tricuspid valve c - Semilunar valve d - Aortic valve e - Pulmonary valve ✔✔b - Tricuspid valve Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract? a - To use enzymes to break down food. b - To perform gas exchange. c - To remove waste from the body. d - To use peristalsis to move food along. ✔✔b - To perform gas exchange. The body, at all times, attempts to maintain homeostasis. The best definition of homeostasis is: a - a process that maintains the stability of the human body's internal environment in response to changes in internal and external conditions. b - a function via which the body breaks down glucose to use as energy. c - a process that maintains the immune system's defenses. d - a process in which the body resists change to its genetic structure. ✔✔a - a process that maintains the stability of the human body's internal environment in response to changes in internal and external conditions. The endocrine system of the body is responsible for: a - defense through the use of antibodies. b - communication through the use of hormones. c - metabolism through the use of enzymes. d - blood flow through the use of the heart muscle. ✔✔b - communication through the use of hormones. Anatomical position shows the body in a(n) _________ position. a - lateral b - superior c - anterior d - posterior ✔✔c - anterior Vitamin K is created in the: a - Liver. b - Lungs. c - Intestinal tract. d - Pancreas. ✔✔c - Intestinal tract. The largest organ in the body is the ______. a - Skin b - GI tract. c - Femur. d - Stomach. ✔✔a - Skin. A medical scientist wants to study the parenchyma of the kidney. This scientist would correctly be known, most specifically, as a: a - biologist. b - doctor. c - anatomist. d - histologist. ✔✔d - histologist. What is Erythropoiesis? a - Red blood cell formation b - White blood cell formation c - The destruction of red blood cells d - The destruction of white blood cells ✔✔a - Red blood cell formation In which part of the body is keratin NOT found? a - Hair b - Skin c - Nails d - Teeth ✔✔d - Teeth What is the relationship between sarcomeres and muscle cells? a - Sarcomeres are muscle cells. b - Sarcomeres contain muscle cells. c - Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres. d - Muscle cells contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of myofibrils. ✔✔c - Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres. A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the following? a - An arm sling b - A cane or crutches c - Insulin d - A neck brace ✔✔b - A cane or crutches Muscles produce contration due to the sliding action of: a - filaments. b - sarcomeres. c - flexors. d - neurons. ✔✔a - filaments. The medulla oblongata has what primary responsibility? a - Balance. b - Intellect. c - Vital functions. d - Sensory input. ✔✔c - Vital functions. The medulla oblongata is responsible for basic vital functions, including respiration and heart rate. Which of the following is true about simple reflexes? a - They travel through the entire body. b - They travel only through the spinal cord. c - They travel only through the brain. d - They do not travel and remain localized. ✔✔b - They travel only through the spinal cord. Estrogen serves what primary function in the female reproductive system? a - It initiates the preparation of the endometrium for pregnancy. b - It triggers the release of the egg from the ovary. c - It causes fertilization. d - It triggers the production of breast milk. ✔✔a - It initiates the preparation of the endometrium for pregnancy. What is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder? a - Urethra. b - Tubules. c - Ureters. d - Nephron. ✔✔c - Ureters. Humans can survive most easily without which of the following? a - Pancreas. b - Lungs. c - Gallbladder. d - Bladder. ✔✔c - Gallbladder. Which of the following is NOT a role of cortisol? a - Reducing inflammation. b - Raising the blood sugar level. c - Inhibiting the release of histamine. d - Controlling motor impulses. ✔✔d - Controlling motor impulses. How many pairs of spinal nerves are known to exit the spinal cord? a - 10 b - 12 c - 31 d - 42 ✔✔c -31 The spinal cord reaches from the base of the skull to the first or second lumbar vertebra. The base of the skull is known as: a - foramen magnum b - filaments c - cerebellum d - corpus callosum ✔✔a - foramen magnum Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a substance that performs which of the following? a - Acts as part of the cell membrane b - Acts as energy for the cell c - Acts as a secondary messenger d - Acts as a hormone ✔✔c - Acts as a secondary messenger The neuron is composed of a/n ______, which transmits signals toward the cell body, and a/n ______, which transmits signals away from the cell body. a - dendrite, axon b - axon, dendrite c - filament, axon d - axon, filament ✔✔a - dendrite, axon The pectoralis major muscle is located in which general area? a - The chest. b - The back. c - The feet. d - The buttocks. ✔✔a - The chest. The soleus muscle is located in which general area? a - The head. b - The arms. c - The chest. d - The legs. ✔✔d - The legs. Which of the following is responsible for differentiation, or specialization, of cells? a - Platelets. b - Hormones. c - Neurons. d - Brain cells. ✔✔b - Hormones Choose the statement that best describes the alimentary canal. a - The alimentary canal consists of the large intestine, rectum, and anus and is the location of compaction of feces. b - The alimentary canal consists of the small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and includes some, but not all, of the digestive tract. c - The alimentary canal consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, restum, and anus. d - The alimentary canal consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach only. ✔✔c - The alimentary canal consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, and anus. A woman's body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 30-day cycle? a - Day 5 b - Day 10 c - Day 14 d - Day 22 ✔✔c - Day 14 Sperm, once created, are stored in an area of the male body called the _______. a - Scrotal sac. b - Epididymis. c - Seminal vesicles. d - Cowper's glands. ✔✔b - Epididymis. Which of these is the best analogy describing the function of the kidneys? a - A waste treatment plant b - A control center c - A medical facility d - A soldier training facility ✔✔a - A waste treatment plant What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland? a - Apocrine b - Endocrine c - Eccrine d - Submucosal ✔✔c - Eccrine Michael is playing on the playground with Suzy and decides to climb the castle while Suzy stays on the ground. Michael's position relative to Suzy is ____________. a - superior b - inferior c - anterior d - posterior ✔✔a - Superior Moving the arm toward the body would be described as a __________ movement, rather than a __________ movement. a - distal, proximal b - proximal, distal c - proximal, anterior d - anterior, superior ✔✔b - proximal, distal The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the end of your femur. What area is she describing? a - Epiphysis b - Diaphysis c - Shaft d - Bone matrix ✔✔a - Epiphysis Which of the following is true of the axial skeleton? a - The facial bones include four nasal bones. b - The mandible and maxilla are the only moveable bones of the skull. c - Ossicles are a part of the jaw bone. d - The axial skeleton consists of a total of 28 bones of the skull. ✔✔d - The axial skeleton consists of a total of 28 bones of the skull. A patient of yours is diagnosed with emphysema. In emphysema, the alveoli have trouble exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the blood. It would be true to say that this patient has difficulty with what type of respiration? a - Internal b - External c - Subliminal d - Encapsulating ✔✔b - External Deflections of the EKG represent which of the following? a - The contraction of the heart. b - The relaxation of the heart. c - The electrical activity that precedes contraction and relaxation. d - The physical movement that precedes contraction and relaxation. ✔✔c - The electrical activity that precedes contraction and relaxation. Follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone are what type of hormones? a - Tropic b - Pituitary c - Sexual d - Adrenal ✔✔a - Tropic What is the purpose of the mastication of food? a - To absorb proteins b - To increase its surface area c - To prevent digestion d - To break it down to lessen the time it spends in the stomach ✔✔b - To increase its surface area What stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to produce testosterone? a - Cowper's gland b - LH (luteinizing hormone) c - FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone d - Tropic hormones ✔✔b - LH (luteinizing hormone) Inhalation requires the contraction of what structure? a - The lungs. b - The lower respiratory tubules. c - The diaphragm. d - The upper respiratory tubules. ✔✔c - The diaphragm [Show More]

Last updated: 7 months ago

Preview 1 out of 37 pages