NR 228 - Chapter 16 Nutrition in Metabolic Stress: Burns, Trauma, and Surgery,100% CORRECT

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NR 228 - Chapter 16 Nutrition in Metabolic Stress: Burns, Trauma, and Surgery Inflammation Reactions - CORRECT ANSWER involve central nervous system and hormones Immune System - CORRECT ANSWER... one of the first body functions affected by impaired nutritional status components affected: mucous membranes skin GI tract T-lymphocytes macrophages granulocytes antibodies Malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER affects each part of the immune system: integrity of the skin and mucous membranes wound healing reduction in nutrient absorption damage to the GI tract, which increases the risk that infection causing bacteria will spread outside the intestinal system antibodies: fewer in number and less effective If on parenteral tube feedings BS should be - CORRECT ANSWER less than 200 mg/dL after eating Fasting BS - CORRECT ANSWER 70-110 Eating BS - CORRECT ANSWER less than 200 Primary Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) - CORRECT ANSWER inadequate intake of nutrients Secondary Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) - CORRECT ANSWER inadequate nutrient consumption because of a disease state that impairs consumption, interferes with absorption, or increases requirements Cortisol - CORRECT ANSWER (steroid) stress hormone Increased cortisol for long periods of time - CORRECT ANSWER increased risk of infection increased need of proteins Steroids - CORRECT ANSWER decrease inflammation decrease immunity increase chances of infection Starvation - CORRECT ANSWER use of stored carbs, fat, and protein to meet energy demands decline in metabolic rate (BMR) due to energy conservation Severe Stress - CORRECT ANSWER vitamin and mineral requirements increase eat foods high in calcium and vitamin D (milk/green leafy vegetables) Insulin - CORRECT ANSWER decreased glucose Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWER increased glucose Effects of Stress - CORRECT ANSWER carbohydrate metabolism: hepatic glucose production increased. insulin levels and glucose use increased hydration/fluid status: increased fluid losses possible from fever, increased urine output, diarrhea, draining wounds, or diuretic therapy Increased Stress - CORRECT ANSWER high risk of infection increased glucose increased fluid loss As Calcium Decreases - CORRECT ANSWER risk of osteoporosis increases Undernutrition can lead to - CORRECT ANSWER decreased protein synthesis weakness multiple organ dysfunction syndrome death Before Surgery - CORRECT ANSWER NPO (nothing by mouth) Bariatric Surgery - CORRECT ANSWER for patients with a BMI exceeding 40 or for individuals with a BMI exceeding 35 who have comorbid (presence of two chronic conditions or diseases) conditions Patients at high risk for malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER have significantly longer lengths of hospital stays and higher mortality rates SIRS - CORRECT ANSWER (sepsis warning signs) inflammatory response that occurs in infection, pancreatitis, ischemia, burns, multiple trauma, shock, and organ injury Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER progressive decline of two or more organ systems at the same time may follow trauma, severe burns, infection, or shock usually results from uncontrolled inflammatory response (can progress to organ failure and death) Third Degree Burns - CORRECT ANSWER (full thickness injury) destruction of entire epidermis, dermis, and underlying subcutaneous tissue. does not heal and skin grafts are required Significant considerations of patient care (burns) - CORRECT ANSWER pain management wound care infection control nutrition support Nutrition care for burns - CORRECT ANSWER first 24-48 hours is dedicated to fluid and electrolyte replacement [Show More]

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