AQA GCSE BIOLOGY 8461/2F Paper 2 Foundation Tier Question Paper + Mark scheme [MERGED] June 2022 *JUN2284612F01* IB/M/Jun22/E16 8461/2F For Examiner’s Use Question Mark 1 2 3

Document Content and Description Below

AQA GCSE BIOLOGY 8461/2F Paper 2 Foundation Tier Question Paper + Mark scheme [MERGED] June 2022 *JUN2284612F01* IB/M/Jun22/E16 8461/2F For Examiner’s Use Question Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6... 7 8 9 10 TOTAL Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Pencil should only be used for drawing. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature I declare this is my own work. GCSE BIOLOGY Foundation Tier Paper 2F F 2 *02* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box 0 1 Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare inherited human condition. The allele for MSUD is recessive. 0 1 . 1 What is a recessive allele? [1 mark] Tick () one box. An allele expressed only if a person has two copies of the allele An allele expressed only if it is inherited from the male parent An allele expressed when it is found on only one of the chromosomes Figure 1 shows the inheritance of MSUD in one family. Figure 1 0 1 . 2 The symbol is not in the key for Figure 1. What would this symbol represent? [1 mark] 3 *03* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the Persons 1 and 2 in Figure 1 have a child with MSUD and some children box without MSUD. 0 1 . 3 Complete Figure 2 to show the possible genotypes of the children. Use the following symbols: N = allele for not having MSUD n = allele for MSUD [2 marks] Figure 2 N n N Nn n 0 1 . 4 What is the phenotype of a person with the genotype Nn? [1 mark] 0 1 . 5 What percentage of the offspring in Figure 2 will have MSUD? [1 mark] Tick () one box. 25% 50% 75% 100% Question 1 continues on the next page Person 1 Person 2 4 *04* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 1 . 6 Which scientific term describes the allele N? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Dominant Genetic Heterozygous 0 1 . 7 Alleles are found in the nucleus of a cell. What chemical substance are alleles made from? [1 mark] 0 1 . 8 People with MSUD must eat a special diet to reduce their intake of some types of amino acid. Which component of the diet is made of amino acids? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Carbohydrates Minerals Proteins 9 5 *05* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the Turn over for the next question box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED 6 *06* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 2 Many human actions are reflexes. 0 2 . 1 Which statement describes a reflex action? [1 mark] Tick () one box. A reflex action does not need a sense organ. A reflex action is a slow action. A reflex action is automatic. Figure 3 shows the nerve pathway for a reflex action. The arrows show the direction of the nerve impulse. Figure 3 7 *07* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the 0 2 box . 2 Draw one line from each part of the nerve pathway to the name of that part. Use Figure 3. [3 marks] Part of nerve pathway Name of part A B C Motor neurone Receptor Relay neurone Spinal cord 0 2 . 3 Which two human actions are reflexes? [2 marks] Tick () two boxes. Blinking when an insect flies into the eye Catching a ball in a playground game Playing a musical instrument Removing the hand from a hot object Writing a message to a friend Question 2 continues on the next page 8 *08* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the Students investigated their reaction times using a computer program. box Figure 4 shows a sequence of two screens in the computer program. Figure 4 This is the method used. 1. Open the reaction time program. 2. When the screen turns from red to green, touch the screen as quickly as possible. 3. Record the reaction time shown on the screen. 4. Re-set to the red screen. 5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 four more times. 6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 for each student. Table 1 shows the results. Table 1 Test Reaction time in milliseconds Student P Student Q Student R Student S 1 317 310 367 320 2 309 293 352 304 3 290 312 350 315 4 333 307 359 308 5 328 312 635 313 Mean 315 307 357 X 9 *09* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the 0 2 box . 4 Calculate mean value X in Table 1. [2 marks] X = milliseconds 0 2 . 5 There is an anomalous result for student R. Draw a ring around the anomalous result in Table 1. [1 mark] 0 2 . 6 Give two factors that might affect a person’s reaction time. [2 marks] 1 2 Turn over for the next question 11 10 *10* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 3 A plant shoot responds to the stimulus of light shining on it from one side. 0 3 . 1 What name is given to the type of response shown by the plant shoot? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Adaptation Homeostasis Tropism A student investigated the effect of one-sided light on the growth of plant seedlings. Figure 5 shows how the student set up the investigation. Figure 5 11 *11* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 3 . 2 Draw one line from each experiment to what the seedling would look like after 12 hours. [2 marks] 0 3 . 3 Why did the student set up experiment 2 in this investigation? [1 mark] 12 *12* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 3 . 4 The student wanted to make the investigation of the effect of one-sided light more valid. The student decided to set up a third experiment. How should the student set up the third experiment? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Give no water to the third seedling. Shine light from all sides on the third seedling. Turn the third seedling so it is upside-down. 0 3 . 5 What is a suitable control variable for the investigation? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Keep each seedling at the same temperature. Keep each seedling the same height above the floor. Use the same size cardboard box for each seedling. 0 3 . 6 Give one stimulus a plant root responds to. Do not refer to light in your answer. [1 mark] 13 *13* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the 0 3 box . 7 Scientists often repeat investigations several times. Give two reasons why. [2 marks] 1 2 Turn over for the next question 9 14 *14* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 4 Rivers are sometimes polluted with untreated sewage. Figure 6 shows some changes that occurred when untreated sewage entered a river. Figure 6 0 4 . 1 Which type of organism had the most rapid increase in numbers when sewage entered the river? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Bacteria Green algae Protozoa 15 *15* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the 0 4 box . 2 Protozoa are single-celled organisms. Describe two ways Figure 6 shows that the protozoa in the river feed on bacteria. [2 marks] 1 2 0 4 . 3 When sewage enters a river, the concentration of dissolved oxygen decreases. The decrease in oxygen concentration is caused by organisms in the water. What process in living organisms uses oxygen? [1 mark] 0 4 . 4 As the numbers of green algae in the river increase, the concentration of dissolved oxygen increases. Explain why the concentration of dissolved oxygen increases. [2 marks] Question 4 continues on the next page 16 *16* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the Scientists counted the numbers of five different animals in the river at sites A and B box , shown in Figure 6 on page 14. Table 2 shows the results. Table 2 Animal Number of animals Site A Site B Sludge worm 80 2 Bloodworm 36 8 Water louse 10 55 Freshwater shrimp 5 75 Mayfly nymph 0 15 Figure 7 shows some of the data from Table 2. Figure 7 17 *17* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the 0 4 box . 5 Complete Figure 7. You should use data from Table 2 for the sludge worm and the bloodworm. [2 marks] 0 4 . 6 The concentration of oxygen in the water at site A is much lower than at site B. • Sludge worms live in places which have a low concentration of oxygen. • Mayfly nymphs need a high concentration of oxygen. Give evidence from Table 2 for the difference in oxygen concentration at sites A and B. Refer to sludge worms and to mayfly nymphs in your answer. [2 marks] Turn over for the next question 10 18 *18* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 5 In the human female, an egg is released from one of the ovaries about once every four weeks. During the four weeks, the lining of the uterus thickens and then breaks down. This is called the menstrual cycle. 0 5 . 1 Which two hormones are female reproductive hormones? [2 marks] Tick () two boxes. Adrenaline Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone Thyroxine 0 5 . 2 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is another female reproductive hormone. What is the function of FSH in the menstrual cycle? [1 mark] Tick () one box. FSH causes an egg to mature in the ovary. FSH causes breast development. FSH causes the uterus lining to break down. 19 *19* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the 0 5 box . 3 Sperm cells can survive inside a woman’s reproductive organs for five days. An egg cell can survive for one day after ovulation. In one woman ovulation occurred on day 14. Give the range of days on which sexual intercourse could result in fertilisation. [1 mark] From day to day 0 5 . 4 If a man and a woman have sexual intercourse and do not want to produce a baby, they may use contraception. Explain how different methods of contraception prevent pregnancy. [6 marks] 10 20 *20* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 6 The echidna is a mammal that lives in Australia. Figure 8 shows an echidna. Figure 8 Figure 9 shows how the body temperature of the echidna varies during the cold winter months. Figure 9 21 *21* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the 0 6 box . 1 Give the lowest and highest body temperatures for the echidna shown in Figure 9. [1 mark] Lowest temperature = °C Highest temperature = °C In the cold winter months, the echidna hibernates. Figure 9 shows that the echidna woke up from hibernation several times. The echidna’s body temperature increased to over 30 °C each time the echidna woke up. 0 6 . 2 How many times did the echidna wake up? Use information from Figure 9. [1 mark] 0 6 . 3 Each time the echidna wakes up, it hunts for food. Suggest why the echidna needs to eat food several times during hibernation. [1 mark] Question 6 continues on the next page 22 *22* IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the box 0 6 . 4 During hibernation: • the echidna sleeps • the echidna’s body temperature decreases to below 5 °C • the echidna uses food stored in its body cells to provide energy. What process releases energy from stored food? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Diffusion Excretion Respiration 0 6 . 5 Most mammals use a lot of energy to evaporate sweat. The echidna does not sweat. Suggest one use of energy in the echidna’s body. [1 mark] 23 *23* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun22/8461/2F Do not write outside the The control of body temperature is important in the human body. box An athlete trained in a hot climate. 0 6 . 6 On one day, the athlete lost 3 200 cm3 of water in sweat. Evaporation of 1 cm3 of sweat requires 2.5 kJ of energy. Calculate the energy the athlete used for [Show More]

Last updated: 10 months ago

Preview 1 out of 76 pages