American Public University BIOL 133 Exam 3 - Chapters 12-15 Questions with Answers,100% CORRECT

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American Public University BIOL 133 Exam 3 - Chapters 12-15 Questions with Answers Part 1 of 1 - 85.0/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The part of the gene that is designated a... s +1 is also known as B. the initiation site Feedback: Correct Question 2 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Your labmate’s ligation reaction didn’t work. The regular ATP had run out, so he fueled the reaction with dATP from the PCR kit. What advice can you give him? D. Remind Sam that dATP is not the same as ATP. Feedback: For synthesizing DNA in PCR, nucleotides may be provided in separate tubes of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP. Because these are deoxyribonucleotides, they do not have the same structure as ATP, and therefore cannot be used as energy currency molecules to drive a ligation reaction. Question 3 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points An organism with nonfunctioning telomerase C. would have shorten chromosomes earlier than normal cells Feedback: Learning Objective: State the role of telomerase in DNA replication The allele for widows peak (H) is dominant for the allele for no widows peak (h). At a different gene locus, the allele for hitchhikers thumb (D) is dominant to the allele for non- hitchhikers thumb (d). A man is heterozygote for the traits and marries a woman who has no widows peak and is heterozygote for hitchhikers thumb. What is the man’s genotype? B. HhDd Feedback: Learning Objective: Use the forked-line method and the probability rules to calculate the probability of genotypes and phenotypes from multiple gene crosses Question 5 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Due to a random error by the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, a tRNAVal was misloaded with Ile. What do you predict will result? C. One protein will get Ile inserted where Val was supposed to go, leading to minor structural change in the protein. Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze how genes determine the proteins found in all cells Question 6 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points What statement describes X-linked traits? Select all that apply. A. Women can be carriers because they can be heterozygous for the trait B. X-linked traits are more common in men C. Males are never carriers since they only receive one X chromosome Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify non-Mendelian inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance, codominance, recessive lethals, multiple alleles, and sex linkage What causes RNA polymerase to stall so that the rho protein bumps into it and knocks it off the DNA? D. a series of GC nucleotides Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how and when transcription is terminated Question 8 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Why do bacteria not need telomerase? A. Bacteria have circular DNA Feedback: Correct Question 9 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Mature tRNA has an amino acid binding site at one end and the other end interacts with the mRNA by complementary base pairing due to the . B. anitcodon Feedback: Learning Objective: Explain how tRNAs and rRNAs are processed Question 10 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Nondisjunction during meiosis II will result in . E. n,n-1 and n+1 Feedback: Correct Which is likely to disrupt the function of the most genes: a 500kb deletion, a 500kb inversion, or a 500kb translocation? A. Deletion Feedback: The deletion will disrupt all the genes contained within it, but the inversion and translocation will likely only affect the genes on the ends. Question 12 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points For her science fair project, your little sister replicated one of Mendel’s experiments. From a P0 pea plant with purple flowers and a pea plant with white flowers, she got 1 purple F1 hybrid (she had forgotten to water, so just one survived). From this self-fertilized F1 she got 8 F2 offspring. 7 were purple and 1 was white, for a 7:1 ratio. Did your little sister just disprove Mendel’s laws? D. No. Random chance can cause deviations in the ratio of small numbers of progeny. Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze Mendelian and Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns Question 13 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Many cancers are often associated with C. translocation Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocations What best describes the human karyotype? D. One pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes Feedback: Correct Question 15 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which amino acid can sometimes be present at the P site without first entering the A site of the ribosome? B. methionine Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis Question 16 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points How can an UV induced mutation affect DNA? A. Creating thymine dimers between thymines next to each other Feedback: Correct! Question 17 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Why do so many geneticists focus on studying yeast, fruit flies, nematodes, mice or the small plant Arabidopsis? C. They have multiple features that allow for cheap, fast and efficient manipulation of genes and chromosomes. Feedback: Genetic model organisms have a quick lifecycle, small size, and resilience that makes them easy to culture in the lab. Frameshift mutations occur when A. bases are added or deleted Feedback: Correct Question 19 of 40 / 2.5 Points _ is seen when ABCDEFGHI becomes ABCFEDGHI. • A. deletion • B. duplication • C. translocation • D. transposition • E. inversion Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocations Question 20 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points For DNA polymerase to begin replication, the primer used in Sanger sequencing B. will have a complementary sequence to the 3׳ end Feedback: Learning Objective: Explain the Sanger method of DNA sequencing If a DNA sample from an unknown organism has telomerase, the organism D. Is eukaryotic Feedback: Correct Question 22 of 40 / 2.5 Points What best describes the difference between paracentric and pericentric inversion? • A. the number of genes inverted • B. the number of centromeres inverted • C. the placement of centromeres in the inversions • D. if the inversion is on autosomal of sex chromosomes Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocations Question 23 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Some scientists have proposed that the earliest forms of life may have existed in an “RNA World” where RNA was both the genetic material and responsible for enzymatic activity. Imagine that you have recreated such a life form. What would demonstrate that RNA, but not protein or DNA, is necessary and sufficient for these functions? B. The organism lives and replicates despite protease and DNase treatment, but the organism dies when treated with RNase. Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the process of DNA replication Prokaryotes are able to perform transcription and translation at the same time because they lack C. a nucleus Feedback: Correct Question 25 of 40 / 2.5 Points found in the -10 sequence makes it easier for the DNA to separate. • A. G-C base pairs • B. Template strands • C. Non-template strands • D. A-T base pairs • E. Start codons Feedback: Incorrect-Learning Objective Text: Discuss the role of promoters in prokaryotic transcription Your study partner is confused. “I thought Watson and Crick discovered genes – who are all these other people?” Help out by matching each discovery with the scientist(s) who made it. A. Watson and Crick B. Punnett C. Mendel D. Sutton and Boveri E. Morgan 1. Traits arise from discrete units that remain unchanged even when not exhibited. select C select D2. Genes are carried on chromosomes. select E 3. Genes nearby on a chromosomes are linked, but can become unlinked by recombination. select A4. DNA has a double helical structure. select B 5. Developed a technique for predicting the outcome of crosses. Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the modern understanding of inheritance in terms of chromosome theory Question 27 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points To determine the order of genes on a chromosome, one can perform a D. three point cross Feedback: Correct Question 28 of 40 / 2.5 Points The type of RNA that helps in mRNA splicing is made by RNA polymerase . • A. I • B. II • C. III • D. IV Feedback: Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three RNA polymerases Question 29 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points You have been an irresponsible pet owner, and failed to have your cat spayed. She’s a white longhair (W/W; l/l) Now, thanks to a visit from the neighbor’s black shorthair tomcat (w/w; L/L), you have 12 kittens that need homes. What will the kittens look like? D. white shorthair Feedback: Correct Question 30 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Seed texture, plant height, pea pod color are all considered ? C. traits Feedback: Correct The type(s) of RNA that are directly involved in translation are which of the following. Select all that apply A. mRNA B. rRNA D. tRNA Feedback: Correct Question 32 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points If a human has straight hair or curly hair they are homozygous for that trait. Given an individual with wavy hair who is heterozygous (meaning they inherited the curly hair trait from one parent, and the straight hair trait from the other), but are phenotypically wavy- haired, this is an example of what type of genetic expression? A. codominance Feedback: Correct Question 33 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The most common time individual assortment occurs is when genes are ? D. unlinked Feedback: Correct Question 34 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Nondisjunction during meiosis I will result in . D. n+1 and n-1 Feedback: Learning Objective: Explain how nondisjunction leads to disorders in chromosome number If a family has a child with Down syndrome (trisomy-21), then one of the siblings must be monosomic for chromosome 21. False Feedback: Although there was likely a corresponding meiotic product that lacked chromosome 21, it did not necessarily end up in an egg or sperm that resulted in fertilization Question 36 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points A mutation changing an alanine to a glycine would likely have little effect on the protein function since they are both small, , amino acids. B. nonpolar Feedback: Correct Question 37 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points In co-dominant traits, what is the phenotypic ratio when two heterozygotes cross? A. 1:2:1 Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify non-Mendelian inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance, codominance, recessive lethals, multiple alleles, and sex linkage Question 38 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Comb shape in chickens. Rose (A) is dominant over nonrose (a). Pea (B) is dominant over nonpea (b). Dominants for rose and pea produce a walnut comb. Homozygous for rose and pea produce a single comb. This describes A. epistasis Feedback: Learning Objective: Explain the phenotypic outcomes of epistatic effects between genes Question 39 of 40 / 2.5 Points A child contains what proportion of their parent’s genetic makeup? • A. 25:75 • B. 40:60 • C. 50:50 • D. 33:67 Feedback: Incorrect- Learning Objective Text: Discuss Sutton’s Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance Question 40 of 40 / 2.5 Points Why are hydrogen bonds holding DNA bases together instead of covalent bonds? • A. covalent bonds cannot attach purines and pyramidines • B. hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds • C. enzymes cannot break covalent bonds • D. hydrogen bonds are easier to break allowing for DNA copying Feedback: Incorrect: Learning Objective Text: Describe the structure of DNA [Show More]

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