Early Childhood Education OAE 255 Questions with Answers,100% CORRECT

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Early Childhood Education OAE 255 Questions with Answers early childhood education - CORRECT ANSWER The growth, development, and education of children birth through age eight. what do high ... quality programs promote? - CORRECT ANSWER affective, physical, cognitive, language, social and self care development what is a developmentally appropriate program? - CORRECT ANSWER age, individually and socially/culturally appropriate early childhood professional - CORRECT ANSWER an educator who successfully teaches all children, promotes high personal standards and continually expands his/her skills and knowledge child development - CORRECT ANSWER the stages of physical, social, mental, and linguistic growth that occur from birth through age eight years embedded instruction - CORRECT ANSWER involves teaching skills and behaviors in the context of classroom routines and transitions phonological awareness - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to detect, identify, and manipulate or analyze the various parts of spoken language Culture - CORRECT ANSWER a group way of life including basic values, beliefs, religion, language, clothing, food and various practices developmentally appropriate practice - CORRECT ANSWER practice based on how children grow and develop and on individual and cultural differences healthy environment - CORRECT ANSWER environments that provide for children's physical and psychological health, safety, and sense of security respectful environments - CORRECT ANSWER those environments that show respect for each individual child and for the child's culture, home language, individual abilities or disabilities, family context, and community supportive environment - CORRECT ANSWER professionals believe each child can learn, and that help children understand and make meaning of their experiences Challenging Environments - CORRECT ANSWER Those environments that provide achievable and "stretching" experiences for all children. Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER the process of collecting information about children's development, learning, behavior, academic progress, need for special services, and achievement in order to make decisions responsive relationships - CORRECT ANSWER the relationship that exists between yourself, children, and their families in which you are responsive to their needs and interests content knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER the content and subjects teachers plan to teach knowledge of learners and learning - CORRECT ANSWER understanding students and how they learn (DAP); managing classroom environments and guiding children collaborative planning - CORRECT ANSWER Planning used by groups of teachers at the grade levels or across grade levels to plan curriculum daily, weekly, and monthly. Also called team planning Reflective Practice - CORRECT ANSWER The active process of thinking before teaching, during teaching, and after teaching in order to make decisions about how to plan, assess, and teach. professional development - CORRECT ANSWER a process of studying, learning, changing, and becoming more professional Professional Learning Communities - CORRECT ANSWER a team of early childhood professionals working collaboratively to improve teaching and learning Peer Coaching - CORRECT ANSWER A process whereby teachers agree to learn from each other through observation, interaction, and discussions. Mentoring - CORRECT ANSWER The process by which an experienced and highly qualified teacher works with a novice or beginning teacher to help the new teacher be successful ethical conduct - CORRECT ANSWER responsible behavior toward students and parents that allows you to be considered a professional Advocacy - CORRECT ANSWER The act of engaging in strategies designed to improve the circumstances of children and families. Advocates move beyond their day-to-day professional responsibilities and work collaboratively to help others. Professional Dispositions - CORRECT ANSWER the values, commitments, and professional ethics that influence behaviors toward students, families, colleagues, and communities and affect student learning, motivation, and development, as well as the educator's own professional growth developmentally and culturally responsive practice - CORRECT ANSWER teaching based on the ability to respond appropriately to children's and families' developmental, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds and needs Culturally Appropriate Practice - CORRECT ANSWER An approach to education based on the premise that all peoples in the United States should receive proportional attention in the curriculum. individual cultural identity - CORRECT ANSWER learning about the self Child Development Associate (CDA) - CORRECT ANSWER An individual who has successfully completed the CDA assessment process and has been awarded the CDA credential. CDAs are able to meet the specific needs of children and work with parents and other adults to nurture children's physical, social, emotional, and intellectual growth in a child development framework. child care - CORRECT ANSWER comprehensive care and education of young children outside their homes Prekindergarten - CORRECT ANSWER a class or program preceding kindergarten for children usually from 3 to 4 years old Alternative Certification - CORRECT ANSWER teacher certification through which an individual who already has at least a bachelor's degree can obtain certification to teach Philosophy of Education - CORRECT ANSWER a set of beliefs about how children develop and learn and what and how they should be taught National Association for Education of Young Children (NAEYC) - CORRECT ANSWER promotes high quality learning for all children, birth- 8yr, by connective practice, policy and research public policy - CORRECT ANSWER all the plans that local, state ad national governmental and nongovernmental organizations have for implementing their goals poverty - CORRECT ANSWER the condition of having insufficient income to support a minimum standard of living achievement gap - CORRECT ANSWER the difference in performance between low-income and minority students, students of different genders, and students with different levels of maternal education, compared to that of their peers Income achievement gap - CORRECT ANSWER the difference in achievement levels between children of different family income levels differentiate - CORRECT ANSWER to teach in response to the diverse needs of students so that all students within a classroom can learn effectively regardless of differences in ability Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways; one of the most prevalent childhood illnesses in the US diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER chronic condition that affects how the body metabolizes sugar; one of the most common childhood diseases obesity - CORRECT ANSWER a medical condition in which so much excess body fat has accumulated in the body that it begins to have an adverse impact on health screen media - CORRECT ANSWER tv, movies, videos, DVDs plastic - CORRECT ANSWER capable of being molded or adapted to conditions, experiences and environmental conditions bullying - CORRECT ANSWER teasing, slapping, hitting, pushing, unwanted touching etc Cyberbullying - CORRECT ANSWER Bullying using technology, such as computers and mobile phones. Racism - CORRECT ANSWER Belief that one race is superior to another mandated reporters - CORRECT ANSWER people who are legally required to report to the proper authorities, usually the Child Protective Services, that they suspect that a child is being abused or neglected cultural competence - CORRECT ANSWER involves knowledge of other cultures and an ability to confidently interact with other people of other cultures cultural awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the appreciation for and understanding of people's cultures, socioeconomic status, and gender; includes understanding one's own culture skill deficit - CORRECT ANSWER When a child has not learned how to perform a particular skill or behavior. Sensory education - CORRECT ANSWER Learning experiences involving the five senses: seeing, touching, hearing, tasting, and smelling. blank tablet - CORRECT ANSWER the belief that at birth the mind is blank and that experiences create the mind Environmentalism - CORRECT ANSWER a theory that views environment rather than heredity exerts the primary influence on intellectual growth and cultural development Emile - CORRECT ANSWER Book by Jean Jacques Rousseau that outlines his ideas about how children should be reared Naturalism - CORRECT ANSWER education that follows the natural development of children and does not force the educational process on them unfolding - CORRECT ANSWER process by which the nature of children - what they are to be - develops as a result of maturation according to their innate developmental schedules kindergarten - CORRECT ANSWER The name Friedrich Froebel gave to his system of education for children ages three through six; means "garden of children." Froebel's gifts - CORRECT ANSWER Ten sets of learning materials designed to help children learn through play and manipulation. occupation - CORRECT ANSWER materials designed to engage children in learning activities Progressivism - CORRECT ANSWER dewey's theory of education that emphasizes the importance of focusing on the needs and interests of children rather than teachers childrens house - CORRECT ANSWER Montessori's first school especially designed to implement her ideas Open-air nursery school - CORRECT ANSWER School established by the McMillan sisters, who believed in education where young children could explore their imaginations, develop their sensory and perceptual faculties, and care for gardens and pets forest schools - CORRECT ANSWER Programs with the belief that by participating in engaging, motivating, and achievable tasks and activities in a woodland environment, each child has an opportunity to develop intrinsic motivation and sound emotional and social skills. Spuntnik - CORRECT ANSWER the worlds first satellite National Defense Education Act - CORRECT ANSWER Provided funds for education and training in science, math ,and foreign languages. Civil Rights Act of 1964 - CORRECT ANSWER Legislation that prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin; includes a provision that protects the constitutional rights of individuals in public facilities, including public education Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 - CORRECT ANSWER implemented several social programs to promote the health, education, and general welfare of people from low socioeconomic status and was designed to put them to work Head Start Program - CORRECT ANSWER one of the longest running programs in the US to address systematic poverty and education for young children and their families Title 1 - CORRECT ANSWER Provided direct funding for schools with high populations of students from low-income families in the form of additional personnel, materials, and professional development for teachers Education of All Handicapped Children Act - CORRECT ANSWER mandated that to recieve federal funds, states must develop and implement policies that ensure a free appropriate public education for all children with disabilities Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - CORRECT ANSWER The current reauthorization of the education of all handicapped children act; provides for inclusion, universal design, response to instruction, and differentiated instruction Universal Design - CORRECT ANSWER A broad-spectrum solution that produces buildings, products, and environments that are usable and effective for everyone, not just people with disabilities Differentiated Instruction - CORRECT ANSWER an approach that enables teachers to plan strategically to meet the needs of every student in order to teach to the needs of each child and allow for diversity in the classroom No Child Left Behind - CORRECT ANSWER reauthorization of ESEA; provided federal funding for schools accrued high test scores and met adequate yearly progress American Recovery and Reinvestment Act - CORRECT ANSWER a stimulated package to improve access to and the quality of early childhoos education in child care, early head start and head start, and schools in 2009 Race to the Top- Early Learning Challenge Grants - CORRECT ANSWER The U.S. Department of Education and Health and Human Services awarded $500 million in the grants to improve the quality of early childhood state systems for nine states in 2011 Every Student Succeeds Act (2015) - CORRECT ANSWER a reauthorization on the elementary and secondary education act, ensures that states set high standards so that children graduate from high school ready for college and career Children as Miniature Adults - CORRECT ANSWER Belief that children are similar to adults and should be treated as such. Elementary and Secondary Education Act - CORRECT ANSWER designed to more fully fund primary and secondary schools Child as sinful - CORRECT ANSWER View that children are basically sinful, need supervision and control, and should be taught to be obedient. Children as blank tablets - CORRECT ANSWER View that presupposes no innate genetic code or inborn traits exist and that the sum of what a child becomes depends on the nature and quality of experience. Children as growing plants - CORRECT ANSWER View of children popularized by Froebel, which equates children to plants and teachers and parents to gardeners. Children as growing plants - CORRECT ANSWER View of children popularized by Froebel, which equates children to plants and teachers and parents to gardeners. Children as Property - CORRECT ANSWER Belief that children are literally the property of their parents Children as investments - CORRECT ANSWER View that investing in the care and education of children reaps future benefits for parents and society. Plessy v. Ferguson - CORRECT ANSWER The court ruling that "separate-but-equal" was constitutional. Brown v. Board of Education - CORRECT ANSWER 1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. Title IX - CORRECT ANSWER No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance child-centered - CORRECT ANSWER Term meaning that every child is a unique and special individual; that all children have a right to an education that helps them grow and develop to their fullest; that children are active participants in their own education and development; and teachers should consider children's ideas, preferences, learning styles, and interests in planning for and implementing instructional practices. Inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER including children with disabilities in education programs, together with their peers without disabilities Theory - CORRECT ANSWER a set of explanations of how children develop and learn Constructivism - CORRECT ANSWER theory that emphasizes the active role of children in developing their understanding and learning active learning - CORRECT ANSWER The view that children develop knowledge and learn by being physically and mentally engaged in learning activities. Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER the process of building schemes through interaction with the environment. consists of assimilation and accommodation Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER the process of fitting new information into existing schemes accommodation - CORRECT ANSWER changing or altering existing schemes or creating new ones in response to new information sensorimotor stage - CORRECT ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities preoperational stage - CORRECT ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic conservation - CORRECT ANSWER the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects Egocentrism - CORRECT ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view self-talk - CORRECT ANSWER speech directed to oneself that helps guide one's behavior concrete operational stage - CORRECT ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events Classification - CORRECT ANSWER The process of grouping things based on their similarities zone of proximal development - CORRECT ANSWER In Vygotsky's theory, the range between children's present level of knowledge and their potential knowledge state if they recieve proper guidance and instruction Scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWER Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER a learning theory baed on the idea that behaviors are learned through rewards and punishments behavioral learning theories - CORRECT ANSWER theories that explain how children learn cognitively, socially and behaviorally that play down the roles of biology and maturation in learning and stress the role of experiences, the environment and rewards and punishment in learning classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER association of automatic responses with new stimuli Stimulus - CORRECT ANSWER an event that activates behavior response - CORRECT ANSWER an observable reaction to a stimulus reinfrocement theory - CORRECT ANSWER the belief that consequences strengthen behavior operant conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER process of leaning that occurs when responses are followed by reinforcers Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive development Pavlov, Watson, Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER Behaviorist theory Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER self-actualization Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWER sociocultural theory Howard Gardner - CORRECT ANSWER Theory of multiple intelligences, teachers should be trained to present their lessons in a wide variety of ways John Dewey - CORRECT ANSWER progressivism- children's interests form the basis of the curriculum, discovery learning, child centered learning Constructivism - CORRECT ANSWER A philosophy of learning based on the premise that people construct their own understanding of the world they live in through reflection on experiences high quality early childhood programs - CORRECT ANSWER - ensure children's early academic and school success - including ealry literacty and reading readiness activities in programs and curricula that will enable children t read on grade levle in grades 1-3 - have learning environments to meet the needs of each child - promote the national good Respect for the child - CORRECT ANSWER one of montessori approach - cornerstone upon which all principles rest - help children do things independently - children learn through choices Absorbant mind - CORRECT ANSWER one of montessori approach - children are receptive and capable of learning - children learn unconsciously by taking in information directly from the environment - what children learn depends greatly on their teachers, experiences and environments sensitive period - CORRECT ANSWER - one of montessoris approaches - children are more susceptible to certain behaviors and can learn specific skills more easily prepared environment - CORRECT ANSWER one of montessoris approaches - a place that encourages childrens independence - children are free to explore materials of their own choosing - practical life, sensorial and academic centers auto-education - CORRECT ANSWER - one of montessoris approaches -the idea that children teach themselves through appropriate materials and activities teachers role in montessori approach - CORRECT ANSWER -make children the center of learning - encourage children to learn - observe children -prepare the learning environment -respect each child -introduce learning materials Principles of Reggio Emilia - CORRECT ANSWER beliefs about children and how they learn: - relationships to family, other children, teachers, school, community and wider society - the hundred languages -childrens own sense of time and rhythms Reggio Emilia Approach - CORRECT ANSWER adult role - teacher is partner in learnig process -aterlierista is the teacher trained in visual arts -parents are participants essential to program Reggio elements - CORRECT ANSWER the environment - space is welcoming, fosters personal encounters, communications and relationships - beautiful and full of kids work - area or studio for creating projects program practices - cooperative and collaborative relationships - documentation - project approach and emergent curriculum Reggio Emilia - CORRECT ANSWER teacher acts as a recorder for the children, helping them trace and revisit their words and actions the project approach - CORRECT ANSWER an investigation undertaken by a small group of children within a class, sometimes by a whole class, and occasionally by an individual child key feature of the project approach - CORRECT ANSWER a project is a search for answers to questions about a topic worth learning more about, something children are interested in High Scope Approach - CORRECT ANSWER active participation in choosing, organizing and evaluating learning experiences - daily planning by teachers - developmentally sequenced goals and materials for children HighScope Curriculum components - CORRECT ANSWER -key developmental indicators-framework w/ sequenced learning goals - adult-child interaction - the classroom environment - the daily routine - plan, do , review acheivment gap - CORRECT ANSWER difference in performance between low income and minority students, students of different genders and students with different levels of maternal education, compared to that of their peers Head Start Program - CORRECT ANSWER a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status - eligibility based on federal poverty level history of head start - CORRECT ANSWER war on poverty and the great society legislation - economic opportunity act of 1964 benefits of HS - CORRECT ANSWER - larger impacts in centers offering full-day and home visiting services - strongest for DLL and children with low levels of baseline english proficiency - better social-emotional, lang and cog development - better social skills, impulse control and approaches to learning healthier BMI Head Start - CORRECT ANSWER is a national program that promotes school readiness by enhancing the social and cog development of children through the provision of educational, health, nutritional, social and other services to children, families and pregnant women IDEA - CORRECT ANSWER federal act providing a free and appropriate education to youth between ages 3 and 21 with disabilities in one or more categories Individualized family service plan - CORRECT ANSWER designed to help families reach goals for themselves and their children - multidisciplinary assessment -planned services -supporting information Individualized Education Program (IEP) - CORRECT ANSWER Written document required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (P.L. 94-142) for every child with a disability; includes statements of present performance, annual goals, instructional objectives, specific educational services needed, extent of participation in the general education program, evaluation procedures, and relevant dates, and must be signed by parents as well as educational personnel. Inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER educating typically developing students in the same classroom as students who have various disabilities social learing theory - CORRECT ANSWER developed by Albert Bandura to explain how children learn and gain new information by observing others applied behavior analysis - CORRECT ANSWER a technique based on the learning theory of behaviorism, which states that all behavior is motivated by s purpose and is learned through systematic reinforcement positive reinforcment - CORRECT ANSWER adding something to promote or diminish a behavior, such as giving a high five for a job well done Negative Rienforcement - CORRECT ANSWER taking aways something to promote or diminish a behavior, such as removing your attention from someone (ignoring them) Positive Behavior Support - CORRECT ANSWER addressing challenging behavior by understanding the purpose of the behavior and focusing on teaching new skills hierarchy of needs - CORRECT ANSWER maslow's theory that basic needs must be satisfied before higher level needs can be satisfied Microsystem - CORRECT ANSWER the environmental setting in which children spend a lot of their time Mesosystem - CORRECT ANSWER links or interactions between microsystems Exosystem - CORRECT ANSWER environment or setting in which children do not play an active role but that nonetheless influences their development Macrosystem - CORRECT ANSWER The broader culture in which children live (democracy, individual freedom and religion) Chronosystem - CORRECT ANSWER the environmental contexts and events that influence children over their lifetimes, such asa living in a technological age word gap - CORRECT ANSWER during the first three years of life, a poor child hears roughly 30 million fewer total words than his or her more affluent peers model early childhood program - CORRECT ANSWER an exemplary approach to early children education that serves as a guide to best practices Montessori - CORRECT ANSWER a system of early childhood education founded on the ideas and practices of maria mintessori active learning - CORRECT ANSWER Involvement of the child with materials, activities, and projects in order to learn concepts, knowledge, and skills. HighScope educational model - CORRECT ANSWER a program for young children based on Piaget's and Vygotsky's ideas key developmental indicators - CORRECT ANSWER Activities that foster developmentally important skills and abilities Plan-Do-Review - CORRECT ANSWER A sequence in which children, with the help of the teacher, initiate plans for projects or activities, work in learning centers to implement their plans, and then review what they have done with the teacher and their fellow classmates Reggio Emilia Approach - CORRECT ANSWER An approach to education based on the philosophy and practice that children are active constructors of their own knowledge Co-construct knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER learning alongside and with children to create meaning from experiences Project Approach - CORRECT ANSWER An in depth investigation of a topic worth learning more about. Universal Design - CORRECT ANSWER A broad-spectrum solution that produces buildings, products, and environments that are usable and effective for everyone, not just people with disabilities child care - CORRECT ANSWER Comprehensive care and education of young children outside their homes. family child care - CORRECT ANSWER home-based care and education provided by a nonrelative outside the child's home; also known as family care center based child care - CORRECT ANSWER child care and education provided in a facility other than a home warmth - CORRECT ANSWER displaying or exhibiting kindness and genuine affection Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 - CORRECT ANSWER implemented several social programs to promote the health, education, and general welfare of people from low socioeconomic backgrounds head start - CORRECT ANSWER one of the longest running programs to address systemic poverty in the US early head start - CORRECT ANSWER A federal program serving pregnant women, infants, toddlers, and their families. Elementary and Secondary Education Act - CORRECT ANSWER federal legislation that funds mainly elementary and secondary education Title 1 - CORRECT ANSWER Provided direct funding for schools with high populations of students from low-income families in the form of additional personnel, materials, and professional development for teachers No Child Left Behind - CORRECT ANSWER federal law passed in 2001 that has significantly influenced early childhood education Every Student Succeeds Act - CORRECT ANSWER signed into law in 2015 replacing no child left behind; measure reauthorizationed the fifty year old elementary and secondary education act the improving head start for school readiness act of 2007 - CORRECT ANSWER reauthorized head start through 2012 literacy skills - CORRECT ANSWER for children birth to five, refer to the skills and abilities that are the forerunners of conventional reading and writing Head Start Performance Standards - CORRECT ANSWER Federal guidelines for Head Start and Early head start, designed to ensure that all children and families receive high quality services head start early learning outcomes framework: ages birth to five - CORRECT ANSWER based on the head start program performance standards; describes the skills, behaviors and knowledge that programs must foster in all children migrant family - CORRECT ANSWER a family who moves from one geographic location to another to engage in agriculture work Migrant and Seasonal Head Start - CORRECT ANSWER a federal program designed to provide educational and other services to children and families who earn income in agricultural work seasonal family - CORRECT ANSWER a family with children who are engaged primarily in seasonal agricultural labor and who have not changed their residence to another geographic location in the preceding two-year period. standards - CORRECT ANSWER statements of what students should know and be able to do Common Core State Standards - CORRECT ANSWER National benchmarks in math and English created to have uniformity no matter where students attend public schools intentional teaching - CORRECT ANSWER the process of teaching children the skills they need for success based on specific goals and standards Alignment - CORRECT ANSWER the arrangement of standards, curriculum, and tests so that they complement one another curriculum alignment - CORRECT ANSWER the process of making sure that the content of the curriculum matches what the standards say students should know and be able to do data-driven instruction - CORRECT ANSWER a type of teaching in which analysis of assessment data is used to make decisions about how to best meet the instructional needs of each child horizontal planning - CORRECT ANSWER collaboratively planning with your grade-level colleagues Vertical planning - CORRECT ANSWER collaboratively planning with teachers in grades below and above that which you teach majority minority states - CORRECT ANSWER one or more racial and/or ethnic minorities make up a majority of the population cultural competence - CORRECT ANSWER the ability and confidence to interact effectively with children, families and colleagues of different cultures Multicultural Awareness - CORRECT ANSWER involves the understanding sensitivity and appreciation of the history, values, experiences and lifestyles of groups that include but are not limited to race ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, socioeconomic status or mental or physical abilities multicultural infusion - CORRECT ANSWER an explicit part of curriculum and programs that permeates the entire curriculum sexism - CORRECT ANSWER prejudice or discrimination based on sex sexual harassment - CORRECT ANSWER unwelcome sexual behavior and talk tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER the ability of children (and adults0 to recognize, accept and respect the rights and beliefs of others Biliteracy - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to able to speak in 2 languages limited english proficient students - CORRECT ANSWER students whose primary language is other than english, and whose english language skills are such that the students has difficulty performing ordinary classwork in english linguistically isolated homes - CORRECT ANSWER a home with immigrant children in which no person fourteen years old and over speaks only english two way immersion or two way bilingual programs - CORRECT ANSWER instruction is in both languages, typically starting with smaller proportions of instruction in english and gradually moving to half in each language dual language programs - CORRECT ANSWER academic programs taught in tow languages One-Way Immersion Programs - CORRECT ANSWER either native english speakers or native speakers of the second language make up all or most of the students enrolled, and instruction takes place in 2 languages two-way immersion program - CORRECT ANSWER native speakers of english and native speakers of spanish learn both languages in the same classroom late exit transitional, developmental or maintenance education programs - CORRECT ANSWER instruction builds on the students primary language skills and develops and expands the english language skills of each student to enable him or her to achieve proficiency in both languages, while teaching students in academic content areas early exit transitional - CORRECT ANSWER instruction begins in the students native language but rapidly moves to english heritage language or indigenous language programs - CORRECT ANSWER target students who are learning a language that is inherited from ones family, or country of origin twice exceptional - CORRECT ANSWER A student who is gifted and talented and also has a learning difficulty. learning disability - CORRECT ANSWER a condition that causes a child to have difficulty learning and using certain skills Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - CORRECT ANSWER a federal act providing a free and appropriate public education to youth between ages 3-21 with disabilities children with disabilities - CORRECT ANSWER IDEA defines children with disabilities as those children with intellectual disabilities, hearing impairments (including deafness), speech or language impairments, visual impairments (including blindness), serious emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairments, autism, developmental delays, traumatic brain injury, other health impairments, or specific learning disabilities, and who, by reason thereof, need special education and related services. Early Intervention - CORRECT ANSWER A process of providing services and opportunities for children and families Zero Reject - CORRECT ANSWER the Individuals with Disabilites Education Act calls for educating all children and excluding none from an education Nondiscriminatory Evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER A fair evaluation is required to determine whether a student has a disability and, if so, what the student's education should consist of Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) - CORRECT ANSWER A free education suited to children's age, maturity, condition of disability, past achievements, and parental expectations. Least Restrictive Environment - CORRECT ANSWER placement that meets the needs of students who are disabled in as regular a setting as possible child study team - CORRECT ANSWER The group of individuals who determine a child's eligibility for special education. Individualized Education Program (IEP) - CORRECT ANSWER A plan for meeting an exceptional learner's educational needs, specifying goals, objectives, services, and procedures for evaluating progress. individualization of instruction - CORRECT ANSWER Providing for students' specific needs, disabilities, and preferences. individualized family service plan (IFSP) - CORRECT ANSWER A plan designed to help families reach their goals for themselves and their children, with varied support services. transdisciplinary team model - CORRECT ANSWER professionals from various disciplines working together to integrate instructional strategies and therapy and to evaluate the effectiveness of their individual roles adaptation education - CORRECT ANSWER modifications in any classroom programs, environment, or curriculum that help students achieve desired educational goals full inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER an approach whereby students with disabilities receive all instruction and support services in a general classroom Partial Inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER an approach whereby students with disabilities receive some instruction in a general classroom and some in a specialized setting resource room - CORRECT ANSWER A room where students work individually or in small groups with special education teachers consultation - CORRECT ANSWER seeking advice and information from colleagues collaboration - CORRECT ANSWER working jointly and cooperatively with other professionals, parents and admin itinerant teachers - CORRECT ANSWER special education teachers who travel from school to school to serve mainstreamed students when there are insufficient students in any one school to justify a resource room teacher on site Resource Teacher - CORRECT ANSWER professionals who provide assistance with materials and planning for teachers of exceptional students embedded instruction - CORRECT ANSWER Instruction that is included as an integral part of normal classroom routines. naturalistic teaching strategies - CORRECT ANSWER incorporating instruction into opportunities that occur naturally or routinely in the classroom Co-teaching - CORRECT ANSWER the collaboration of a regular classroom teacher and a special education teacher in teaching lessons and activities Universal Design - CORRECT ANSWER A broad-spectrum solution that produces buildings, products, and environments that are usable and effective for everyone, not just people with disabilities Response to Intervention (RTI) - CORRECT ANSWER A multi tiered approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavioral needs. Autism Spectrum Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER a neurological developmental disorder characterized by a deficit in communication and social interactions as well as by the presence of restricted and repetitive behavior Applied Behavior Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER based on the learning on the learning theory of behaviorism, which states that all behavior is motivated by a purpose and is learned through systematic reinforcement floortime play therapy - CORRECT ANSWER the developmentally appropriate practice and model to incorporate social experiences and enjoyable interactions to enhance a childs pretend skills, joint attention, communication skills and appropriate behavior Assistive Technology - CORRECT ANSWER any device used to promote the learning of children with disabilities accommodation - CORRECT ANSWER changes in how students access information and demonstrate what they have learned ADHD - CORRECT ANSWER difficulty with attention and self control, which leads to problems with learning, social functioning, and behavior that occur in more than one situation and have been present for a significant length of time universal screener - CORRECT ANSWER a way to systematically identify exceptioal potential ans hidden talent among all populations, including english language learners, students with special needs, and those who may not be achieving on other traditional academic measures Autism Spectrum Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social interaction and communication across different life settings (e.g., home, school) and by restricted and repetitive behavior, interests or activities, and in which symptoms begin during early childhood receptive language - CORRECT ANSWER an individual whose skills appear to be typical but who has difficulty expressing him/herself; interactions with peers are often contentious or stilted because of the difficulty of diverting of diverting from him/her own plans or adapting to peers perspective social story - CORRECT ANSWER a personalized, detailed, and simple script that breaks down behavior and provides rules and directions Which of the following behaviors reflects and infant's development of object permanence? a. sucking part of a handheld toy b.switching a toy from hand to hand c.watching a toy roll across a floor d.searching for a toy under a blanket - CORRECT ANSWER D: Searching for a toy under a blanket Object permanence= object still exist even if it can't be seen Erik Erickson's psycho social theory of development hypothesizes that, as the beginning of the elementary school years the primary conflict facing young children is that of.. a. industry vs inferiority b. intimacy vs isolation c. trust vs mistrust d. identity vs role confusion - CORRECT ANSWER A: industry vs inferiority During which age span do young children typically FIRST begin to demonstrate goal-directed actions a. 0-2 b. 2-4 c. 4-6 d.6-8 - CORRECT ANSWER A: 0-2 Which of the following is most characteristic of the language development of a 3 yr old? a. speaking in complete simple sentences b.pointing to objects and uttering a single word c. combining 2 words together d. speaking in complex sentences - CORRECT ANSWER A. speaking in complete simple sentences ("I want a cookie" Which of the following is most important to address in heath and safety unit for kindergartners as they begin the school year? a. reasons for respecting safety rules b. common causes of minor injuries c. harmful household substances d. procedures for crossing streets, parking lots, and driveways - CORRECT ANSWER D. procedures for crossing streets, parking lots, and driveways A preschool teacher observes two 3 yr olds playing silently side by side. What is the most appropriate conclusion? a. the children's play is advanced for their age b. developmentally appropriate play c.play seems overly static d.play is typical of younger children and this may suggest delays - CORRECT ANSWER B.developmentally appropriate play Which of the following types of peer relationships is most characteristic of 2nd grade students? a. single, exclusive friendships b. small, same-gender groups c. popularity based cliques d. fluid, heterogeneous groups - CORRECT ANSWER b: small, same-gender groups Early Childhood Program encourage challenging activities that involve planning and problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER [Show More]

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