FNDH 400 Exam 3 Questions And Answers 2023

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Where does the name Vitamin come from? - Vital amines --> Vitamines, but when it was discovered they weren't amines, the E was dropped Fat soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K Water Soluble Vitamins - ... C, B What B vitamin numbers are missing? Why? - B4, B8, B10, B11 Were discovered and then removed due to redudancy EV McCollum and vitamins - Theorized fat-soluble factor A that deficiency led to ophthalmia (inflammation of the eye) and water-soluble factor B resulted in beriberi Factor A --> Vitamin A Factor B --> B1 and B2 (realized there were multiple B2s) Thiamin cofactor - Thiamin Pyrophosphate (TPP) Riboflavin cofactor - Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) Niacin cofactor - Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP) Pantothenic Acid cofactor - Coenzyme A Vitamin B6 cofactor - Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP) Folate cofactor - Tetrahydrofolate (THF) Vitamin B12 cofactor - Adensosylcobalamin Methylcobalamin Most cofactors come from ___ vitamins - B Why must we consume B vitamins? - Cofactors Mineral amount classifcation - Amount required Macromineral > Trace Minerals > Ultratrace Minerals DRIs - EAR RDA AI UL Dietary guideliens - Qualitative advice to the public about diet and chronic disease prevention and health maintenance DRI definition - Quantitative advice to professionals about amounts of nutrients or food components to be of benefit Dietary guidelines vs DRI - Qualitative for public vs. Quantitative for professionals RDA (Definition, Needs met, Set) - Recommended Dietary Allowance Asses quality of people's diets Meets needs of 97.5% of the population Calculated using EAR (EAR + 2 standard deviations) EAR (Definition, Needs met, Set) - Estimated Average Requirement Estimated quality of 50% of the population Requires applicable research Risk for inadequacy for EAR vs RDA - .5 (50%) EAR .025 (25%) RDA Formula for setting RDA - EAR + 2 standard deviations AI (Definition, Needs Met, Set) - Adequate Intake Level that appears to be adequate in a defined population or subgroup Not research based Used for groups researchers are hesitant to test on (Infants, Pregnant Women, etc.) UL (Definition, Needs Met, Set) - Tolerable Upper Intake Level Highest level of daily nutrient intake that is unlikely to pose risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals of a population First sets a NOAEL and LOEAL and then UL set lower based on uncertainty factors NOAEL and LOAEL - No observed adverse effect level Lowest observed adverse effect level *Note: Not DRI components, just measures needed for UL Most americans don't meet the EAR for which vitamins/minerals? - A, C, E, Magnesium Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (8) - *Vitamin E* *Vitamin C* Riboflavin *Selenium* Iron Copper Zinc Manganese H [Show More]

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