PC-Intro to Women's Studies Final Exam Review Graded A+

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Wyoming - ANSWER What was the first state to give women the vote? Late 1960s, early 1970s - ANSWER When did the women's movement move to academia? San Diego State University - ANSWER In 1970, th... e first WS department in the U.S. was formed at which university? "The Personal is Political" - ANSWER A "central tenant" of women's studies childcare centers house duties (not equal or acknowledged) - ANSWER Examples of "The Personal is Political" Roots in the late 18th century and 19th century - ANSWER What are the origins of Women's Rights Activism? (what centuries) Mary Wollstonecraft - ANSWER Who wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" in 1792? Patriarchy - ANSWER System where men dominate because they have power and authority Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Lucretia Mott Sojourner Truth - ANSWER Name 4 Women's Rights Activists Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott - ANSWER What two activists attended an antislavery convention in London in 1840 but were not permitted inside and not allowed to speak? Seneca Falls Convention 1848 - ANSWER What convention was conceived by Mott and Stanton? Stanton - ANSWER Who was the author of the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions? Feminism - ANSWER A belief that women and men are inherently of equal worth Feminist - ANSWER A person who advocates for feminism mid-19th century - early 20th century - ANSWER When was the first wave of feminism? Suffrage (voting) - ANSWER What did the first wave of feminism focus on? 60s and 70s - ANSWER When was the second wave of feminism? Reproductive rights Workplace rights - ANSWER What did the second wave of feminism focus on? 90s to present - ANSWER When was the third wave of feminism? Contemporary issues - ANSWER What was the main focus of the third wave? 1. Feminism is Dead 2. Feminists are ugly, angry women 3. Feminists hate men/want to be like men 4. Only women can be feminists 5. All feminists are lesbians 6. Feminists are making a big deal out of nothing - ANSWER 6 Misconceptions about Feminism Homophobia - ANSWER Social fear or hatred of lesbians or gay men Sex - ANSWER Biological organs, hormones, chromosomes Gender identity - ANSWER What gender you feel you are Gender Expression - ANSWER How you present yourself to the world Sexual orientation - ANSWER Who you are attracted to Sexual behavior - ANSWER How you choose to be sexual (or not) Intersex - ANSWER General term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't fit the typical definitions of male or female Social construction - ANSWER Society influences members to internalize attitude and expectations Gender roles - ANSWER Typical societal expectations; the way that society organizes understanding of sexual differences Masculine - ANSWER Having qualities traditionally ascribed to men Feminine - ANSWER Having qualities traditionally ascribed to women Gender ranking - ANSWER The valuing of one gender over another (ofter value masculinity more than femininity) Gender expression/Gender display - ANSWER The presentation of self as a gendered person through dress, cosmetics, adornments, and both permanent and reversible body markers Genderqueer - ANSWER Term that indicates any person who considers themselves as a gender nonconformist Gender ambiguity or Androgynous - ANSWER Display a lack of gender differentiation or a balanced mixture of feminine and masculine traits Transgender - ANSWER Gender identity and/or expression differs from social norms for their sex assigned at birth Man Box - ANSWER Men learn to be sensitive to possibility of humiliation or shame Double Standard - ANSWER Physical appearance more important in the way women are treated and perceived than men Objectification - ANSWER Demonstrate no other attributes aside from physical being and/or sexual appeal Rhetoric of Hate - ANSWER Shaming and intimidating others for not conforming to preferred standards of beauty and/or behavior Culture of thinness - ANSWER Societal pressure to be thin; unattainable standards Sexual scripts - ANSWER Social guidelines about sexuality Sexual self-schemas - ANSWER Our ideas about sexual aspects of ourselves; influenced by past and present experiences Typical gender and sexual scripts of masculinity - ANSWER Instrumental (sex for pleasure) Conquest (baseball metaphor) Villains Typical gender and social scripts for femininity - ANSWER Expressive (emotional attachment) "Gatekeepers" of sex Victims Double bind of sexuality - ANSWER Women who want/like sex or have multiple partners are a slut. Women who don't engage in sex are uptight or are a prude. Double standard - ANSWER Women should engage in sexual relations only within a committed love relationship; permissable for men to have as many sexual partners as wanted without condition Abstinence Only Abstinence Plus Comprehensive - ANSWER Three different types of sex education Abstinence Only - ANSWER Teaches that abstinence is the best and only option; does not provide information about contraception Abstinence Plus - ANSWER Abstinence is best, but some teens do not abstain, so provides information about contraception Comprehensive - ANSWER Abstinence from sexual intercourse is not the emphasis; focus on how to make responsible decisions about sex 17 - ANSWER Average age at which young people start having sex Asexual - ANSWER Lack of sexual attraction Queer - ANSWER Sexually different; nonconforming Heteronormativity - ANSWER Heterosexuality is often constructed as the only normal and legitimate sexuality Bisexuality - ANSWER Some people are attracted to others regardless of gender "Coming out" - ANSWER Adopting a gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender identity Acknowledging to self Declaring self in "public" - ANSWER Steps of coming out Privilege - ANSWER Unearned advantages that people have by virtue of an identity characteristic with which they are born (gender, race, ethnic group, social class, region of origin, religion, and level of ability) Difference of Hierarchy - ANSWER Some identity characteristics are more socially valued than others Confluence - ANSWER Flowing together of various identities (black woman; gay man; young, working-class lesbian) Sexism Racism Classism Heterosexism Ageism Looksism/Sizeism Ableism - ANSWER 7 Systems that facilitate privilege (the -isms) Mythical norm - ANSWER White, middle-class, heterosexual, able-bodied, thin, young adult Institutions - ANSWER Social organizations that involve established patterns of unequal treatment and behavior Family, economy, government, religion, education, health and medicine, media, military, sports - ANSWER Examples of institutions Ideology - ANSWER Set of beliefs or values (can change over time) Sometimes provide rational for justice Bootstrap myth - ANSWER Economic success is the result of hard work and ambition (not always the case) Stereotype - ANSWER Commonly held notion or image of a person or group, based on an oversimplification of some observed or imagined trait or behavior Internalized oppression - ANSWER The process by which a member of an oppressed group comes to accept and live out the inaccurate myths and stereotypes applied to the group Horizontal hostility - ANSWER When members of marginalized groups police each other's behavior or appearance according to the beliefs of the dominant group Hate crimes - ANSWER Threat or act of violence due to hate and bigotry Intersectionality - ANSWER The way that multiple social categories (race ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, class) intersect to reflect systems of privilege and oppression Kimberlé Crenshaw - ANSWER Woman who termed the word "intersectionality" Reformulate knowledge to include the overlapping ways that life is experienced. Convey this knowledge by rethinking curricula and promoting change in higher education. Apply the knowledge! Create a society in which all voices are heard. Advocate for public policies that are responsive to multiple voices - ANSWER What do international scholarships aim to do? Feminist praxis - ANSWER The ability to apply and/or enact feminist theoretical principles to your own life and experience Praxis - ANSWER The intersection of theory and practice Ally - ANSWER A person from a dominant group in our society who works to dismantle any form of oppression from which she or he receives the benefit Becoming educated Refusing to participate in slut-shaming/body-shaming Taking control of your sexuality Thinking critically about exhibitionist behaviors Rejecting misogynist publications like Maxim and Playboy Volunteering at a clinic or women's center - ANSWER Acts of everyday feminism Bystander intervention - ANSWER A technique for preventing rape and sexual assault by teaching people (bystanders) to intervene when they spot a situation that seems headed in a bad direction Online activism - ANSWER The internet is a way to build feminist community, organize, and raise awareness about feminism issues Enlightened sexism - ANSWER Takes the gains of the women's movement and then uses them as permission to resurrect retrograde images of girls and women as sex objects, bimbos and hootchie mamas still defined by their appearance and their biological destiny Post-feminism - ANSWER The premise that the aims of the feminist movement have all been achieved Democracy - ANSWER Based on the principle of equal representation Women previously excluded from government Currently very involved in voting and volunteering campaigns Laws - ANSWER What is permissible and forbidden in society Equal Rights Amendment - ANSWER "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." - Alice Paul Police - ANSWER Enforce laws Court system - ANSWER Maintain laws Prisons - ANSWER Punish those who have broken [Show More]

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