Nursing 300 Exam 4 HIV/AIDS 2022

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Nursing 300 Exam 4 HIV/AIDS 2022 High mutation rate, replicates prolifically - What makes HIV so dangerous? CD4 and CCR5 protein receptors on T cells - What types of protein receptors does the HIV... virus target? Virus binds to receptors on cell surface, fuses with the cell mb, enters the cell, makes a DNA copy of its own RNA, which is inserted into the cell's DNA by HIV integrase, HIV protease releases viral particles that attack, replicate, and release more virus - What is the pathophysiology of HIV? For life - How long does the HIV virus stay in the body? Viral proliferation causes infected cells to shed virus particles - How does the virus present in body fluids and blood? Anti-HIV antibody; just a marker, no protection - What lab value can be used to diagnose HIV? Does it have any functional purpose? Progressive destruction of T cells (WBCs) - Why does HIV cause compromised cellmediated immunity? Opportunistic infections, neoplasms - What are HIV patients susceptible to because of their compromised immune system? Rapid replication, no detectable symptoms or lab values, but still infectious - What occurs during the early infection clinical phase? Antibodies now detectable, flu-like symptoms for 1-4 weeks, especially high levels in genital fluids at this time - What occurs during the seroconversion clinical phase? 3 weeks to 6 months (very big window) - How long after initial infection does it take for anti-HIV antibodies in the blood? HIV + AIDS-defining illness OR HIV + CD4 <200 - How is AIDS diagnosed? Fungal (candidiasis, pneumocystis), viral (herpes simplex, CMV), protozoal (- plasmosis), bacterial (TB, pneumonia, salmonella), cancerous (-omas), other (wasting syndrome, encephalopathy, AIDS dementia complex) - What are the 5 categories of AIDS-defining illnesses and examples of each? Oral assessment - What part of the physical assessment is especially important in patients with HIV/AIDS? CD4 decreases, immune system compromised, mouth susceptible to infection - Why is the mouth susceptible to infection in HIV/AIDS patients? Continues ... [Show More]

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