Wednesday 6 October 2021 – Morning A Level History A Y319/01 Civil Rights in the USA 1865–1992. All Questions. Predictor

Document Content and Description Below

SECTION A Read the two passages and then answer Question 1. 1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages and explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of the achiev... ements of the Black Power Movement. [30] Passage A The Black Power movement promised more than the Civil Rights Movement. Amid much negativity many argue that Black Power’s greatest contribution to the black community was intellectual and cultural, in universities with the establishment of courses on black history and culture and in increased black self-esteem and identity. The movement raised the morale of many black Americans. They gave useful practical help to ghetto dwellers setting up ghetto clinics. Meals were often provided for the ghetto poor. It could be said that Black Power activists, like civil rights activists, kept the ghetto problems on the political agenda. Ghetto riots were surely one manifestation of the Black Power movement. King asked a group of Watts residents, “How can you say you won, when 34 Negroes are dead, your community is destroyed, and whites are using the riots as an excuse for inaction?” They replied, “We won because we made them pay attention to us.” The Black Panthers aimed to expose police brutality and harassment. Citing the Second Amendment to the US Constitution, which said that citizens had the right to carry arms, armed Black Panthers followed police cars in the ghettoes, in order to expose police brutality. Adapted from: V. Sanders, Civil Rights and Social Movements in the Americas Post-1945, published in 2016. Passage B Carmichael’s book on Black Power suggested that integration should be abandoned and that black people should form a conscious racial grouping within the USA, developing their own agenda for change. Others seemed less certain. How far a white backlash was produced by Black Power is open to question, but it is generally argued that, at the very least, it fanned the flames of division. ‘A legacy of hatred’ was inevitably left over after the riots. When Newton was convicted of the manslaughter of an Oakland policeman, Black Panther groups began to appear in most of the major US cities. They demanded full employment, decent housing and an end to repression and brutality. Many soon clashed with the police. Some were sent to prison, charged with murder or attempted murder. The movement became a target of the FBI, which set out to eliminate it, with considerable success. By 1980, it was a much smaller and less effective group. Newton began to concentrate more on writing than on direct action. Although relatively short-lived, however, the Black Panther Movement illustrates the way in which many black people, particularly the young, saw violence as the only way to achieve their aims. Adapted from: D. Paterson, D. and S. Willoughby, Civil Rights in the USA 1863–1980 [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 4 pages