GCE History A Y108/01: The Early Stuarts and the origins of the Civil War 1603-1660 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for Autumn 2021. Graded A+

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Subject Specific Marking Instructions Question Answer Mark Guidance 1 Using these four sources in their historical context, assess how far they support the view that Cromwell’s actions in Irelan... d in 1649 were motivated by a belief in ‘God’s Providence’. • In discussing how Source A does not support the view, answers might refer to concern about Catholics, their links to monarchy and how they will be able to drive out English forces. • In discussing the provenance of Source A, answers might consider that it is a speech from Cromwell and is an attempt to justify taking action. • In discussing the historical context of Source A, answers might consider that English rule in Ireland was never secure and link the comments to the civil war there that had been going on since 1641. The number of troops sent initially was not enough and Cromwell wanted to avoid a long campaign. • In discussing how Source B does support the view, answers might refer to the actions at Wexford and the comment ‘yet God would not have it so’ and that it was God’s justice that brought events upon them. It might note that the whole source argues it was God’s Providence. • In discussing the provenance of Source B, answers might consider that Cromwell was trying to justify the massacre at Wexford to the Speaker of the Commons. • In discussing the historical context of Source B, answers might consider that both Wexford and Drogheda suffered massacres, which saw citizens murdered. The events caused a shock as 30 The indicative content lists features of the period studied that relate to the question set. Neither significance nor relative importance are attributed to the features listed. The indicative content is intended to reflect the knowledge and understanding a candidate is likely to analyse and evaluate in order to arrive at a judgement in line with the question set. • No set answer is expected. • At Level 5 there will be judgement about the issue in the question. • To be valid judgements they must be supported by accurate and relevant material. • At Level 4 and below, answers may be simply a list of which sources support or challenge the view in the question. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used to analyse and evaluate the sources, in line with the descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y108/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 4 Cromwell’s letters suggested he enjoyed it. • In discussing how Source C does support the view, answers might refer to the first sentence and later claim that he was an instrument of God’s work, although the source does mention the idea of justice. • In discussing the provenance of Source C, answers might consider that it is from Cromwell who wanted to justify his actions in light of criticism. • In discussing the historical context of Source C, answers might refer to concerns that there were royalists in the garrison and had an alliance with Charles and were responsible for the Second Civil War so deserved punishment. • In discussing how Source D does and does not support the view, answers might refer to the claim of the Church leaders that the aim was colonisation, whereas Cromwell argues it was God’s Providence and also to defeat rebels and bring liberty. • In discussing the provenance of Source D, answers might refer to it being written in 1650 and an attempt to justify his actions and refute the claims of colonisation. • In discussing the historical context of Source D, answers might consider that there had been colonization before, Catholics had carried out massacres before and his army had a God-given duty to avenge them. The indicative content lists features of the period studied that relate to the question set.Y108/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 5 2* How serious were James I’s financial problems? In arguing that his financial problems were serious: • Answers might consider that the subsidy was for emergencies and the king was meant to ‘live off his own’. • Answers might consider that income from Crown lands had declined as Elizabeth had sold many. • Answers might consider that the assessment system was outdated. • Answers might consider that inflation had reduced the value of his income. • Answers might consider that Elizabeth had been parsimonious and therefore he had to be generous with rewards. • Answers might consider that Parliament lost trust in him. • Answers might consider that unlike Elizabeth he had a family to maintain. • Answers might consider the failure of the Great Contract. [Show More]

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