GCE History A Y212/01: The American Revolution 1740-1796 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for Autumn 2021. Graded A+

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Subject Specific Marking Instructions Question Answer Mark Guidance 1 (a) Which of the following was the greatest challenge to the early Republic? (i) Civil disobedience, 1783 - 1786 (ii) Shay’... s rebellion, 1786 - 1787 Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii) • In dealing with civil disobedience it might be argued that there were divisions between smaller farmers and larger landowners and between rural and urban interests • Answers might consider the attitude of wealthier merchants who did not want relief for debtors, leading to illegal meetings • Answers might consider the protests from veterans who were still owed wages • Answers might consider the protests by armed farmers in Hampshire County 1786 • Answers might consider the actions at Great Barrington where debtors were released from jail, unrest in Rhode Island where they forced the issue of paper money, similarly in New Hampshire • In dealing with Shays’ Rebellion answers might consider size of the force he raised, many of whom were former soldiers • Answers might consider that many of the militia joined Shay • Answers might consider the actions of the legislature in Boston to suppress the rebellion • Answers might consider that only bad weather prevented the rebellion from spreading 10 • No set answer is expected • Judgement must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Only credit material relevant to ‘civil disobedience’ and ‘Shays’ rebellion’ • Answers may deal with each factor in turn, then compare them to reach a judgement, or may take a continually comparative approach. Either approach is acceptable. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y212/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 4 (b)* • Answers might consider that wealthy merchants paid for an armed force to suppress the rising How successful was Britain in its wars with France in the period from 1740 to 1763? • In arguing that Britain was successful in the War of Austrian Succession answers might argue that Louisbourg was captured • Answers might consider the successful policies of William Pitt in the Seven Years’ War • Answers might consider that Britain was also able to defeat France outside America, with success in India and of Frederick the Great in Europe • Answers might consider the defeat of the French navy at Quiberon Bay • Answers might consider the capture of Guadaloupe • Answers might consider the destruction of French power in Canada • Answers might consider the terms of the Treaty of Paris • Answers might consider elimination of France from North America • In arguing that that Britain was not successful it might be argued that the British were unable to send help to the colonists in the War of Austrian Succession • Answers might consider the return to France of Louisbourg at the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle • Answers might consider that the French were more successful in making alliances with the Native Americans • Answers might consider the defeat at Fort Duquesne 20 • No set answer is expected • At higher levels candidates will focus on how successful but at level 4 may simply list success and failures. • At Level 5 and above there will be judgement as to the success. • At higher levels candidates might establish criteria against which to judge the success. • To be valid judgements, claims must be supported by relevant and accurate facts. If not they are assertions. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y212/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 5 2 (a) • Answers might consider early defeats in the Seven Years War Which of the following had the greater impact on relations between Britain and the colonies? (i) The Declaratory Act (1766) (ii) The Tea Act (1773) Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). • In dealing with the Declaratory Act answers might consider that the British government retained its right to legislate or tax the colonies • Answers might consider that the act was greeted with joy in America • Answers might consider the impact of the statement that Parliament had full authority to make laws to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases • Answers might consider that the colonies believed that in being firm they could defy Britain • In dealing with the Tea Act answers might suggest that it was a miscalculation as the colonies wanted the duty lifted, not a reduction • Answers might consider that the act was another attempt at parliamentary taxation and destruction of the independence of their assemblies • Answers might consider the threat of violence that followed • Answers might consider tea agents were forced to resign following intimidation Assess the reasons why Britain was unable to defeat 10 • No set answer is expected • Judgement must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Only credit material relevant to ‘The Declaratory Act’ and ‘The Tea Act’ • Answers may deal with each factor in turn, then compare them to reach a judgement, or may take a continually comparative approach. Either approach is acceptable. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme. [Show More]

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