GCE History A Y213/01: The French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon 1774-1815 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for Autumn 2021. Graded A+

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Subject Specific Marking Instructions Question Answer Mark Guidance 1 (a) Which was of greater importance in the downfall of the Napoleonic empire? (i) The war of the Sixth Coalition, 1813 -1814 ... (ii) The invasion of Russia in 1812 Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii) • In dealing with the war of the Sixth Coalition it might be argued that it brought together all the Great Powers • Answers might suggest that it gave the allies numerical superiority, seen at Leipzig. • Answers might suggest that the allies now agreed a formal alliance which converted a Coalition into the Quadruple Alliance • Answers might suggest the allies now agreed not to make a separate peace and to fight until Napoleon was defeated • In dealing with the invasion of Russia answers might consider that Alexander I was able to take Russian forces into North Germany • Answers might suggest that the campaign led to Austria deserting France • Answers might suggest that the invasion was highly costly in terms of men and money for France, but particularly horses and experienced men neither of which could be replaced • Answers might suggest that Napoleon’s failure gave confidence to his enemies 10 • No set answer is expected • Judgement must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Only credit material relevant to ‘the war of the Sixth Coalition’ and ‘the invasion of Russia.’ • Answers may deal with each factor in turn, then compare them to reach a judgement, or may take a continually comparative approach. Either approach is acceptable. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y213/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 4 1 (b)* How important were economic problems in bringing about the French revolution? • In arguing that economic problems were important it might be argued that there were a series of bad harvests in the 1780s and this led to high levels of unemployment • Answers might consider how food prices rose, notably bread, and that this impacted on demand for industrial goods, which dropped • Answers might consider that there were food riots in many urban centres • Answers might consider that food prices reached their peak at the same time as the Bastille was stormed • Answers might consider the impact of landowners trying to take over common land • Answers might consider the impact of rising rents on the peasantry • In arguing that that economic problems were less important it might be argued that economic grievances were not new • Answers might consider the impact of the Enlightenment • Answers might consider the impact of war, particularly in America, and link this to debts and the financial crisis • Answers might consider the grievances of the middle classes • Answers might consider the issue of taxation and privilege • Answers might consider noble dislike of royal power • Answers might consider the failure to bring about 20 • No set answer is expected • At higher levels candidates will focus on the importance of economic problems but at level 4 may simply list factors. • At Level 5 and above there will be judgement as to importance. • At higher levels candidates might establish criteria against which to judge importance. • To be valid judgements, claims must be supported by relevant and accurate facts. If not they are assertions. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y213/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 5 2 (a) financial reform • Answers might consider political developments between 1787 and 1789, particularly the calling of the Estates General Which of the following was of greater importance in the success of Napoleon’s military campaigns up to 1807? (i) Napoleon’s leadership (ii) the creation of the Grand Armee Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). • In considering Napoleon’s leadership answers might consider the bond between himself and his army • Answers might suggest that the appearance of paternal concern for his men was important • Answers might suggest that Napoleon was a military genius [Show More]

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