GCE History A Y215/01: Italy and unification 1789-1896 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for Autumn 2021. Rated A+

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Subject Specific Marking Instructions Question Answer Mark Guidance 1 (a) Who played the more important role in the establishment of the Italian Kingdom in 1861? (i) Victor Emmanuel II (ii) Garib... aldi Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). In arguing Victor Emmanuel II played the more important role, answers might consider that the King inherited the legendary status created by his father’s actions in 1848/9, a status reinforced by the view that in 1850 he was seen as the saviour of the Piedmontese kingdom and constitution from the Austrian threat. • Answers might consider the favour displayed by the King for the Sicardi Laws whose anti-clericalism appealed directly to the nationalist cause. • Answers might consider that in appointing Cavour as chief minister of Piedmont, the King was responsible for the emergence of the most influential figure in the achievement of Italian unification. • Answers might consider the King’s support for Piedmontese intervention in the Crimean War and its effect on the kingdom’s international standing. • Answers might consider the King’s role in provoking war against Austria in 1859. • Answers might consider the King’s role in placating Napoleon III following the Orsini Affair. • Answers might consider the importance of the King’s relationship of the King with both Mazzini and Garibaldi. • In arguing Garibaldi played the more important role, answers might well consider that the 10 • No set answer is expected. • Judgement must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Only credit material relevant to ‘more important role in the establishment of the Italian kingdom’. • Answers may deal with each factor in turn, then compare them to reach a judgement, or make a continually comparative approach. Either approach is acceptable. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation. It should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y215/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 4 positive characteristics attributed to Victor Emmanuel II owed more to the propaganda which followed unification than to fact • Answers might consider that of all the major figures involved in achieving Italian Unification, Garibaldi was the only one consistently committed to that end.. • Answers might consider that, in both the Sicilian Revolt and the Conquest of Naples, it was Garibaldi’s personality and military skill which translated popular support into military victory. • Answers might consider that the success of the plebiscites in the South in 1860 owed a great deal to the personal popularity of Garibaldi. • Answers might consider that it was Garibaldi’s success which forced Cavour to accept the unification of the Italian peninsula rather than simply the enlargement of Piedmont. 1 (b)* ‘The revolutions in Italy of 1848-1849 failed to achieve their aims.’ How far do you agree? In arguing the 1848/9 revolutions failed to achieve their aims, answers might consider that the total defeat of revolutionaries such as Mazzini and Garibaldi which was clearly demonstrated by the failure of the Roman Republic in 1849. • Answers might consider the failure of the supporters of radical revolution to cooperate with each other, thus themselves destroying the opportunity for radical change. • Answers might consider that the real effect of the 1848/9 revolutions was to demonstrate the importance of foreign power in Italy with a French garrison installed in Rome and the re-establishment of Austrian power, emphasising the impossibility of revolutionary Italians achieving their aims [Show More]

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