GCE History A Y216/01: The USA in the 19th century: Westward expansion and Civil War 1803-c.1890 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for Autumn 2021

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Question Answer Mark Guidance 1 (a) Which of the following was a greater weakness of the Confederacy during the Civil War of 1861-1865? i. Lack of resources ii. Weaknesses in military strategy Ex... plain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). • In dealing with lack of resources answers might consider the massive population disparity between the South and North in numerical terms. • Answers might consider the lack of industrial capacity of the South. • Answers might consider that the South was not entirely disadvantaged in terms of resources, for example cotton exports and a higher number of already trained and mobilised soldiers. • In dealing with weaknesses in military strategy answers might consider the failure to make a decisive breakthrough into Union territory at any stage of the war. • Answers might consider the reliance of the Confederacy on defensive tactics, when they lacked the resources to win a drawn-out war. • Answers might consider the military failures of the Confederacy in the West and its inability to break through the naval blockade at sea. 10 • No set answer is expected • Judgement must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Only credit material relevant to weaknesses of the Confederacy during the Civil War. • Answers may deal with each factor in turn, then compare them to reach a judgement, or make take a continually comparative approach. Either approach is acceptable. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels marks scheme.Y216/01 Mark Scheme October 2021 4 Question Answer Mark Guidance 1 (b)* ‘Between 1803 and the end of the War with Mexico (1848) more progress was made in the Westward expansion of the USA than in the years 1848 to c.1890.’ How far do you agree? In arguing that more progress was made 1803-1848, answers might consider: • The Louisiana Purchase. • Settlement beyond the Appalachians, followed by settlement across the continent to the South West (particularly Texas) and West (particularly Oregon California). • The acquisition of Florida. • The Oregon Treaty. • The development of trails, canals, steamboats and [Show More]

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