Nursing 2 Final Exam 1. Upper GI Tract Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing. Major concern for older adult & victims of stroke. Has trouble swallowing liquids or solids, coughs after eating or drink in... g, speech difficulty (dysphonia) Barium Swallow – Swallows radioactive dye that shows areas of dysfunction. Endoscopic Evaluation TX = Thickened liquids/foods. Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees. 2. Lower GI Tract Obstruction – Poop can’t go forward . ABG: HCO3 up, pH up = metabolic alkalosis Small Bowel S/S = Abdominal pain, distention, N/V, constipation, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic alkalosis LARGE Bowel S/S = Lower abdominal cramping, constipation, ribbon like stools. What is contraindicated?! BARIUM ENEMA TX= Possible Surgery, NG Tube Suction, NPO, IV Therapy (fluids), Pain Control IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) – Chronic diarrhea and/or constipation ABG: HCO3 low, pH low – metabolic acidosis S/S = excess farting (flatulence), distention, cramps, pain, diarrhea/constipation, LLQ pain. Treatment = AVOID triggers or fruit, berries, lettuce, lactose, caffeine, & alcohol. Increase fiber, relax, less stress, and exercise Meds = Constipation (Metamucil, Fibercon), Diarrhea (Imodium, Lomotil) TX = Educate on avoiding triggers & fibrous foods [Show More]
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